大型LNG储罐连续泄漏扩散过程影响因素的分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0204

化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 4423-4436.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0204

大型LNG储罐连续泄漏扩散过程影响因素的分析

周宁¹(),陈力^1,²(),吕孝飞¹,李雪¹,黄维秋¹,赵会军¹,刘晅亚³,陈兵⁴

1. 常州大学石油工程学院，江苏常州 213016
2. 中国石油西气东输管道公司浙江管理处，浙江杭州 310000
3. 公安部天津消防研究所，天津 300381
4. 中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100012

收稿日期:2019-02-11 出版日期:2019-10-05 发布日期:2019-10-05
通讯作者: 陈力
作者简介:周宁（1977—），教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为爆炸与冲击力学、油气爆炸安全、油气储运工程。E-mail：zhouning@cczu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0806000);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(17KJA440001);中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2019JBKY08);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX18_2633)

Analysis on influencing factors of LNG continuous release & dispersion process from large scale tank

Ning ZHOU¹(),Li CHEN^1,²(),Xiaofei LÜ¹,Xue LI¹,Weiqiu HUANG¹,Huijun ZHAO¹,Yaheng LIU³,Bing CHEN⁴

1. School of Petroleum Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, Jiangsu, China
2. PetroChina West-East Gas Pipeline Company Managing Department of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
3. Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MPS, Tianjin 300381, China
4. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2019-02-11 Online:2019-10-05 Published:2019-10-05
Contact: Li CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考虑接收站内大型液化天然气（LNG）储罐泄漏射流、液池蒸发、气云扩散3个过程的特点，结合相平衡原理和气体连续扩散高斯模型，采用欧拉多相流模型进行数值模拟，并开展风速、泄漏速率和地面粗糙度对其影响的研究。结果表明：大型LNG储罐连续泄漏气云扩散过程按泄漏扩散的形态可分为重气扩散（气云受热）、被动扩散、稀释消散3个阶段；在LNG储罐背风面泄漏口附近形成24m区域内的回流和大尺度漩涡，该区域的风速减小了70%~80%；随着风速增加，甲烷浓度0.5LFL水平扩散距离在3个阶段分别减小了20%，增大了50%，减小了23%，且甲烷浓度为0.5LFL的水平扩散最远距离和液池扩展长度均随风速的增加而减小；随着泄漏速率的增加，射流长度、池长和池径均有所增加，甲烷浓度0.5LFL水平扩散距离在3个阶段分别增加了42m、33m和45m；随着地面粗糙度的增加，池径和池长均减小，气云前端扩散面高度分别增加了15.5m、25m和16m。另外，通过研究风速、泄漏速率、地面粗糙度3个因素对LNG气云扩散的影响，确定LNG气云扩散水平方向和高度方向上的敏感影响因素。

关键词: 液化天然气, 大型储罐, 泄漏, 蒸发, 扩散, 相平衡

Abstract:

Considering the characteristics of three processes of large scale LNG tank leakage jet, pool evaporation and gas cloud dispersion in receiving terminal,combined with phase equilibrium principle and gas continuous diffusion Gauss model, Euler multiphase flow model was used to simulate the process. By studying on the effects of wind speed, spill rate and ground roughness of it, the results showed that the diffusion process of continuous leaking gas cloud in large LNG storage tank can be divided into three stages according to the form of spilling dispersion: heavy gas diffusion (heating of gas cloud), passive diffusion and dilution dissipation. The backflow and large-scale eddies in the area of 24m near the leakage hole of LNG tank were formed, and the wind speed in this area was reduced by 70%—80%. With the increase of wind speed, the 0.5LFL downwind distance of methane concentration decreased by 20%, increases by 50% and decreases by 23% in the three stages, respectively. the maximum 0.5LFL downwind distance of methane concentration and pool length expansion decreased with increase of wind speed. With increasing spill rate, the jet length, pool length and pool radius all increased and the 0.5LFL downwind distance of methane concentration increased by 42m, 33m and 45m in three stages. With the increase of surface roughness, the pool radius and length all decreased. The height of dispersion surface at the front of gas cloud increased by 15.5m, 25m and 16m. In addition, by studying the influence of wind speed, spill rate and ground roughness on LNG gas cloud dispersion, the sensitive factors in horizontal direction and altitude direction of LNG gas cloud dispersion were determined.

Key words: LNG, large scale tank, release, evaporation, dispersion, phase equilibria

中图分类号:

TE88

周宁,陈力,吕孝飞,李雪,黄维秋,赵会军,刘晅亚,陈兵. 大型LNG储罐连续泄漏扩散过程影响因素的分析[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4423-4436.

Ning ZHOU,Li CHEN,Xiaofei LÜ,Xue LI,Weiqiu HUANG,Huijun ZHAO,Yaheng LIU,Bing CHEN. Analysis on influencing factors of LNG continuous release & dispersion process from large scale tank[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4423-4436.

图/表 19

参考文献 26

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参数	LNG（液相）	LNG（气相）
密度/kg·m^-3	422.5	1.76
定压比热容/J·kg^-1·K^-1	2205	f(T)₁
动力黏度/kg·m^-1·s^-1	0.0001183	f(T)₂
热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	0.21	f(T)₃

参数	LNG（液相）	LNG（气相）
密度/kg·m^-3	422.5	1.76
定压比热容/J·kg^-1·K^-1	2205	f(T)₁
动力黏度/kg·m^-1·s^-1	0.0001183	f(T)₂
热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	0.21	f(T)₃

大气稳定度	σ_Y /m	σ_Z /m
A	0.22X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.20X
B	0.16X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.12X
C	0.11X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.08X(1+0.0002X)^-1/2
D	0.08X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.06X(1+0.0015X)^-1/2
E	0.06X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.03X(1+0.0003X)^-1/2
F	0.04X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.016X(1+0.0003X)^-1/2

大气稳定度	σ_Y /m	σ_Z /m
A	0.22X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.20X
B	0.16X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.12X
C	0.11X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.08X(1+0.0002X)^-1/2
D	0.08X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.06X(1+0.0015X)^-1/2
E	0.06X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.03X(1+0.0003X)^-1/2
F	0.04X(1+0.0001X)^-1/2	0.016X(1+0.0003X)^-1/2

泄漏速率 /m³·s^-1	池径 /m	池长 /m	甲烷浓度为0.5LFL水平扩散最远距离/m
泄漏速率 /m³·s^-1	池径 /m	池长 /m	重气扩散（气云受热）阶段	被动扩散阶段	稀释消散阶段
0.96	34	37	39	52	37
1.20	35	47	46	57	45
1.44	36	57	54	63	54
1.68	37	65	61	68	62
1.92	38	73	68	73	70
2.16	39	82	75	79	76
2.40	40	91	81	85	82

大型LNG储罐连续泄漏扩散过程影响因素的分析

Analysis on influencing factors of LNG continuous release & dispersion process from large scale tank

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参考文献 26

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风速u /m·s^-1	池径 /m	池长 /m	甲烷浓度为0.5LFL水平扩散最远距离/m
风速u /m·s^-1	池径 /m	池长 /m	重气扩散（气云受热）阶段	被动扩散阶段	稀释消散阶段
2	29	45	44	42	42
4	30	41	42	43	39
5	31	28	41	42	38
6	32	37	40	53	37
7	32	31	35	63	32
8	31	29	32	66	31

地面粗糙度/m	池径 /m	池长 /m	甲烷浓度为0.5LFL前端扩散面高度/m
地面粗糙度/m	池径 /m	池长 /m	重气扩散（气云受热）阶段	被动扩散阶段	稀释消散阶段
0.01	32	37	1	1	1
0.1	30	35	10	2	4.2
0.2	29	33	13.2	16	9
0.3	25	32	14.8	23	16
0.4	22	30	16.5	26	17

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