超疏水/超双疏表面自修复方式的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1959

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水/超双疏材料存在耐久性和稳定性的问题，因此很大程度影响了超疏水/超双疏材料的实际应用。受自然界中荷叶、三叶草等超疏水表面在受到破坏后，表面粗糙结构和表面组成可以恢复直到生物死亡的启发，科研学者通过不断探索研究出修复超疏水/超双疏材料的一些方式。本文从低表面能物质和表面微观结构的自修复角度出发，综述了影响超疏水/超双疏表面的自修复方式。当超疏水/超双疏表面受到物理破坏或者化学破坏时，失去超疏水以及超疏油性能，在温度、相对湿度、机械、UV等诱导条件下，低表面能物质迁移至表面完成自修复过程以及表面微观结构的自修复，从而使超疏水以及超疏油性能得以恢复。价格低廉的环保材料和系统性地研究自修复的机理是将来超疏水/超双疏自修复材料的主要研究方向。

关键词: 超疏水/超双疏表面, 自修复, 低表面能物质, 表面微观结构

Abstract:

The practical application of superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic materials has been greatly limited due to their insufficient durability and stability. On the other hand, the surface roughness and surface composition of many natural products such as lotus leaf and clover can be restored after the damage. Such observations have inspired researchers to explore similar methods to repair superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic materials. In this paper, from the perspective of the self-healing of low energy materials and surface microstructures, the ways that affect the self-healing superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surfaces were reviewed. The superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties would be lost when the superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surface is physically destroyed or chemically damaged. By carefully tuning temperature, relative humidity, mechanical and UV, the self-healing of low surface energy substances and the surface microstructure can be realized, and the superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties can be restored. The main research directions for superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic self-healing materials are on the low-cost environmentally-friendly materials and systematic research of the mechanism of self-healing process.

Key words: superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surface, self-healing, low surface energy substances, surface microstructure

中图分类号:

TB324

梁婷, 范振忠, 刘庆旺, 王继刚, 才力, 付沅峰, 仝其雷. 超疏水/超双疏表面自修复方式的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(07): 3185-3193.

Ting LIANG, Zhenzhong FAN, Qingwang LIU, Jigang WANG, Li CAI, Yuanfeng FU, Qilei TONG. Research progress on the self-healing on superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surface[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(07): 3185-3193.

图/表 11

图1 不同三叶草叶片上的水滴照片

图2 全水基U-微胶囊自修复超疏水涂层的示意图

图3 合成双响应微胶囊的示意图

图4 响应pH刺激的微胶囊的示意图

图5 电子导电超疏水PEDOT涂层自愈能力原理说明

图6 自修复原理

图7 相对湿度对超疏水性能恢复的影响

图8 机械刺激再生疏水性及压缩过程中自修复机理的示意图

图9 自修复过程示意图

图10 具有自修复超疏水性的材料的示意图

图11 水和pH=3处理恢复形貌的示意图[66]

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