磺基甜菜碱Gemini表面活性剂的合成与应用性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2154

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了改善储层的非均质性差异，有效提高碳酸盐储层的酸化解堵效果，以长链烷基二甲基叔胺、3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料，通过两步反应合成了一系列磺基甜菜碱双子表面活性剂（2C _n -SGS，其中n为疏水链中碳原子数，n=12,14,16,18）自转向酸主剂。以2C16-SGS为例，采用FTIR对中间产物（C₁₆-SGS）及2C_16-SGS的结构进行表征。通过表面张力法测定2C _n -SGS的表面活性，结果表明，2C _n -SGS具有良好的表面活性，随着疏水链的增长，2C _n -SGS的CMC和表面张力均减小，且胶束化能力增强。可用于黏弹性表面活性剂自转向酸酸化技术，具有良好的转向分流能力，优选配方为4% 2C₁₆-SGS+20%盐酸+20%Ca²⁺，而且高黏胶束遇煤油等烃类能够自动破胶降黏，易返排对地层无伤害。

关键词: 双子表面活性剂, 磺基甜菜碱, 表面活性, 胶束化, 自转向酸

Abstract:

In order to change the heterogeneity difference, improve the acidizing and unplugging effect of carbonate reservoir, a series of sulfobetaine Gemini surfactants (2C _n -SGS, Where n is the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain, n=12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized by a two-step reaction using long chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amine, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid sodium and 1,4-dibromobutane as raw materials. Taking 2C₁₆-SGS as an example, the structures of mid product (C₁₆-SGS) and 2C₁₆-SGS were characterized by FTIR. Surface activity of 2C _n -SGS was analyzed by surface tension method. The results show that 2C _n -SGS have good surface activity, and the CMC and surface tensions of 2C _n -SGS decrease with the increase of hydrophobic chain, and the micellization ability is enhanced. It can be used in viscoelastic surfactant self-steering acidification technology, with good steering and shunting ability. The optimal formula is 4% 2C₁₆-SGS+20% hydrochloric acid + 20% Ca²⁺. The high viscosity gel of acidizing system is easy to break when mixing with hydrocarbons such as kerosene. It is easy to backflow and has no damage to the formation.

Key words: Gemini surfactant, sulfobetaine, surface activity, micelleization, self-diverting acid

中图分类号:

TQ 423

穆瑞花, 赖小娟, 王磊, 刘佩, 杨靖. 磺基甜菜碱Gemini表面活性剂的合成与应用性能[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(07): 214048992-214048998.

Ruihua MU, Xiaojuan LAI, Lei WANG, Pei LIU, Jing YANG. Synthesis and application properties of a sulfobetaine Gemini surfactant[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(07): 214048992-214048998.

图/表 9

图1 2C n -SGS的合成途径

图2 C16-SGS和2C16-SGS的红外光谱

图3 2C16-SGS的1H NMR谱图

图4 2C n -SGS的表面张力随浓度的变化曲线

表1 2C n -SGS的表面活性参数（25℃）

表面活性剂	CMC/mmol·L^-1	γ _cmc/mN·m^-1	Γ _max/μmol·m^-2	A _min/nm²	pC ₂₀
2C₁₂-SGS	0.0389	30.67	2.24	0.74	4.80
2C₁₄-SGS	0.0040	30.41	2.57	0.65	4.28
2C₁₆-SGS	0.0019	29.55	2.88	0.58	3.65
2C₁₈-SGS	0.0017	29.20	3.01	0.55	2.74

图5 2C n -SGS含量对鲜酸黏度的影响以及自转向酸在酸岩反应过程中的增黏效果

图6 盐酸含量对自转向酸黏度的影响

图7 不同Ca2+质量分数含量对自转向酸黏度的影响

表2 自转向酸体系的破胶实验结果

表面活性剂	自转向酸黏度 /mPa?s	破胶剂	破胶后黏度 /mPa?s
2C₁₆-SGS	372	5%煤油	2.20
2C₁₆-SGS	372	5%煤油+5%盐水	1.09
SDVA	342	5%煤油	2.27
SDVA	342	5%煤油+5%盐水	1.23

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