碳纤维石墨化技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纤维石墨化可以使其结构趋向于理想石墨结构，拉伸模量大幅提升，因此石墨化碳纤维广泛应用在航空航天等尖端技术领域。本文对比分析了碳纤维石墨化设备优缺点，详细介绍了激光超高温加热等新式石墨化方法及促进石墨化进程的相关工艺，进一步从微观结构层面分析影响力学性能的因素，为高模量碳纤维制备技术的研究提供理论及实践参考。指出目前主流的石墨体间接加热技术由于温度限制阻滞了碳纤维模量的进一步提升，克服高温限制且高效高质量、节能环保的石墨化技术是未来的发展趋势；应从组成碳纤维的分子层面去分析把握碳纤维的结构演变，进而优化控制石墨化工艺及设计相关石墨化设备，不断改善碳纤维石墨化结构，逐步趋向于力学性能的理论值。

关键词: 碳纤维, 石墨化技术, 微观结构, 力学性能, 模型, 分子模拟, 优化

Abstract:

The graphitization of carbon fiber can make its structure gradually evolve into the ideal graphite structure with a significant increase in the tensile modulus, so the graphitized fibers have been extensively used in cutting-edge fields such as aerospace. In order to give some references to the fabrication of high modulus carbon fibers, this paper compared the strengths and shortcomings of graphitization equipment, and introduced several new graphitization methods including ultra-temperature heating via laser and the relevant process of promoting graphitization in detail. Moreover, some factors affecting the mechanical properties were analyzed based on the microstructure. It is proposed that the main graphitization technique of indirect heating of graphite body cannot further increase the modulus due to the temperature limitation, so the technique that is able to overcome the temperature limitation as well as having the advantages of high performance, high quality, energy saving and environmentally friendly should be developed in the future. In addition, the structure evolution analysis of the carbon fiber should be placed on the molecular level. Then the control of graphitization process and the design of the modified equipment should be further optimized, so that the structure of the graphitized carbon fiber can be continuously improved and its mechanical properties can approach the theoretical value .

Key words: carbon fiber, graphitization technology, microstructure, mechanical properties, model, molecular simulation, optimization

中图分类号:

TQ342⁺.742

张政和,杨卫民,谭晶,李好义. 碳纤维石墨化技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(03): 1434-1442.

Zhenghe ZHANG,Weimin YANG,Jing TAN,Haoyi LI. Research progress of graphitization of carbon fibers[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(03): 1434-1442.

图/表 10

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名称	热源	优点	缺点	产业化程度
塔姆式电阻炉	焦耳热	温度分布比较均匀	受发热体材料限制，加热温度有限；升温时间长，耗电量大；发热体寿命短；成本较高	国内外普遍应用，已产业化
感应炉	电涡流加热	升温速度快，直接加热避免高温对炉体材料的损伤，减少能量损耗	稳定性受纤维本身性能影响较大，碳纤维直径和电阻率不尽相同，产生的感应电流不同，导致加热不均匀	尚处于研究开发中
射频炉	高频电磁能	温度分布比较均匀	受发热体材料限制加热温度有限；耗电量大；发热体寿命较短；成本较高	日本东丽公司采用此技术
等离子炉	高能等离子体	工艺简单，升温速度快，能耗低	温度场难以控制，温度分布不均，真空环境下操作较繁琐	研究阶段，未工业化生产

名称	热源	优点	缺点	产业化程度
塔姆式电阻炉	焦耳热	温度分布比较均匀	受发热体材料限制，加热温度有限；升温时间长，耗电量大；发热体寿命短；成本较高	国内外普遍应用，已产业化
感应炉	电涡流加热	升温速度快，直接加热避免高温对炉体材料的损伤，减少能量损耗	稳定性受纤维本身性能影响较大，碳纤维直径和电阻率不尽相同，产生的感应电流不同，导致加热不均匀	尚处于研究开发中
射频炉	高频电磁能	温度分布比较均匀	受发热体材料限制加热温度有限；耗电量大；发热体寿命较短；成本较高	日本东丽公司采用此技术
等离子炉	高能等离子体	工艺简单，升温速度快，能耗低	温度场难以控制，温度分布不均，真空环境下操作较繁琐	研究阶段，未工业化生产

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