船舶柴油机大气污染物排放特性及控制技术研究现状

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.03.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，船舶已成为我国沿海、沿河地区主要的大气污染源。随着MARPOL 73/78公约附则Ⅵ第三阶段标准的实施和我国船舶大气污染物排放法规、标准的不断完善，开展船舶大气污染控制迫在眉睫。本文首先介绍了船舶柴油机排放的烟气污染物种类及其来源，然后结合发动机台架试验研究了主要烟气污染物的排放规律。分析结果表明，船舶柴油机排放的大气污染物主要有CO、SO₂、NO_x、颗粒物、HC、重金属等，燃料种类、发动机类型和燃烧工况等因素对污染物排放具有重要影响。随后，综述了近年来船舶尾气污染控制技术的研究进展，着重对比分析了不同SO₂、NO_x、颗粒物控制技术的原理、优缺点，同时介绍了船舶尾气多污染物协同控制技术的研究现状。最后结合我国经济、技术现状，指出在目前燃料替换和发动机改造成本较高的条件下，开展尾气治理是实现船舶尾气达标排放的有效措施。同时提出多污染物协同控制是船舶尾气污染控制技术的发展方向，其中以湿式洗涤技术为基础的湿法多污染物协同控制技术具有很好的研究和应用前景。

关键词: 船舶, 污染, 排放特性, 控制

Abstract:

At present,the ship has become the main air pollution in the coastal and riverine areas of China. Along with the implementation of the third phase standard of MARPOL 73/78 Convention Annex Ⅵ and the continuous improvement of the emission regulations of air pollutants from ships in China,it is urgent to carry out the control of air pollution. This paper introduced species and sources of exhaust gas emission from marine diesel engine. And then combined with the engine bench test,the emission rules of main flue gas pollutants were studied. Results showed that CO,SO₂,NO_x,PM, HC,heavy metals are the main air pollutants emission from marine diesel engine. Emission of pollutants are greatly affected by the fuel type,engine type,combustion condition and so on. This paper also reviewed the research progress of ship exhaust gas control technologies in recent years. the principles and advantages and disadvantages of different SO₂,NO_x,PM control technologies were analyzed,and research status of multi-pollutant control technology of ship exhaust gas was introduced. At last,according to the present situation of China's economic and technology,this paper pointed out that under the conditions of higher cost of fuel replacement and engine reconstruction,the effective measure to achieve the discharge standards is the exhaust gas treatment. The paper proposes that the multi-pollutant cooperative control is the developing direction of the ship exhaust gas pollution control technology. Among them,the wet multi-pollutant cooperative control technology based on the wet scrubbing technology has a very good research and application prospects.

Key words: ship, pollution, emission characteristics, control

中图分类号:

X511

方平, 陈雄波, 唐子君, 黄建航, 曾文豪, 吴海文, 唐志雄, 岑超平. 船舶柴油机大气污染物排放特性及控制技术研究现状[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(03): 1067-1076.

FANG Ping, CHEN Xiongbo, TANG Zijun, HUANG Jianhang, ZENG Wenhao, WU Haiwen, TANG Zhixiong, CEN Chaoping. Current research status on air pollutant emission characteristics and control technology of marine diesel engine[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(03): 1067-1076.

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