亚临界水中化学反应的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,亚临界水以其绿色、无毒、方便、高效等特点受到了学者们的广泛关注。在外加压力的作用下,水在100~374℃之间仍然可以保持液体状态,这种水即为亚临界水。本文对亚临界水的特性及优势进行了阐述,介绍了亚临界水中发生的反应类型,主要包括合成反应与降解反应,以及亚临界水对发生于其中的反应起到的作用主要有作为反应媒介、充当反应物或酸碱催化剂等;并简要介绍了两种亚临界水反应的装置。同时对于亚临界水反应的研究进展进行了概述,指出了在工业生产中可以利用亚临界水进行降解自然界中的大分子物质和进行合成反应,并对其今后的广阔前景进行了展望,提出亚临界水现阶段应用中所存在的问题,这些问题值得继续进行探索以期将亚临界水的应用推向更广泛的领域。

关键词: 亚临界水, 特性, 化学反应, 降解, 合成

Abstract: In recent years, subcritical water has attracted wide attentions with its characteristics, such as environmental-friendly、non-toxic、convenient and efficient. Subcritical water maintains liquid state from 100℃ to 374℃ under external pressure. This research elaborated the properties and advantages of subcritical water, introduced the reaction types in subcritical water including synthesis and degradation, and discussed the roles of water in reactions. Subcritical water could be regarded as the reaction medium, the reactant and the acid/base catalysts. This paper also briefly introduced two kinds of reaction devices. Research progress in the research of subcritical water reaction was summarized, and the potential application of subcritical water in the degradation of macromolecules in nature and synthetize materials were pointed out. The possible solutions to the problems in subcritical water applications were also discussed.

Key words: subcritical water, characteristics, chemical reactions, degradation, synthesis

中图分类号:

TS201.2

戚聿妍, 王荣春. 亚临界水中化学反应的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(10): 3557-3562,3608.

QI Yuyan, WANG Rongchun. Chemical reaction in subcritical water[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(10): 3557-3562,3608.

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