防冰涂层研究进展及抗冻蛋白防覆冰应用前景

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1858

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

户外设施表面覆冰问题严重影响了其正常运行。传统除冰方法（如加热、化学除冰剂及机械除冰）存在高能耗、环境不友好以及对设备的潜在损害等问题。因此，亟需开发绿色、经济且长效的防冰策略。近年来，构建防冰涂层已成为应对覆冰问题的重要需求，也成为了防冰领域的研究热点。本综述梳理了当今防冰涂层的前沿研究进展，并讨论了防冰涂层的生物基原料替代的可能性。首先，综述了防冰涂层的主要类型（包括超疏水、超润滑、光热、电热以及活性防冰涂层）及其发展现状。其次，重点介绍并分析了自愈合防冰涂层的研究进展，讨论了自愈合特性给防冰涂层带来的重要价值。然后，总结了抗冻蛋白（AFP）的防冰作用机制与AFP防冰涂层的研究现状。最后，对防冰涂层的未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 中：防冰涂层, 自愈合, 抗冻蛋白, 覆冰, 生物基

Abstract:

Ice accretion on the surface of outdoor facilities significantly affect their normal operation. Traditional deicing methods, such as heating, using chemical reagents and mechanical removal, are associated with problems of high energy consumption, environmental concerns and potential damage to equipment. Therefore, it is urgently to develop the green, economical and durable anti-icing strategies. Recently, building anti-icing coatings have become an important requirement for mitigating icing problems and a research hotpot in the anti-icing fields. Herein, this review provided a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge research progress of anti-icing coatings and the possibility of bio-based material substitution for anti-icing coatings. First, the main types of anti-icing coatings (including superhydrophobic, lubricating, photothermal, electrothermal and active anti-icing coatings) and their development progress were reviewed. Second, the research progress of self-healing anti-icing coatings was highlighted, and the significance of self-healing property for anti-icing coatings was discussed. Third, the anti-icing mechanism of antifreeze protein.

Key words: anti-icing coating, self-healing, antifreeze protein, ice accretion, bio-based

中图分类号:

P426.3⁺3

李庆斯, 张黎明, 张雷. 防冰涂层研究进展及抗冻蛋白防覆冰应用前景[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2505-2514.

LI Qingsi, ZHANG Liming, ZHANG Lei. Research progress on anti-icing coatings and anti-icing application prospects of antifreeze proteins[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2505-2514.

图/表 5

图1 不同的防冰策略

图2 活性防冰表面

图3 损伤表面结冰过程示意图[20]

图4 耐极端环境的自愈合防冰涂层[21]及PaAFP启发的自愈合防冰涂层[20]

图5 Mfp-AFP设计及防冰涂层构建示意图[75]

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