聚合物电解质膜燃料电池催化层研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1796

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 6244-6257.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1796

• 能源加工与技术 • 上一篇

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池催化层研究进展

孙瑞利¹(), 文雅静¹, 邓蔡¹, 张子楠²(), 姬峰³, 许新龙⁴, 陈婷¹, 王绍荣¹()

^1.中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏徐州 221116
^2.福州大学新能源材料与工程研究院，福州福建 350108
^3.上海空间电源研究所，上海 201100
^4.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁大连 116023

收稿日期:2024-11-06 修回日期:2025-04-20 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
通讯作者: 张子楠,王绍荣
作者简介:孙瑞利（1990—），女，博士，讲师，研究方向为聚合物电解质膜燃料电池。E-mail：sunruili@cumt.edu.cn。
基金资助:
徐州市科技项目(KC22017);国家自然科学基金(22109175);国家自然科学基金(22109161);国家自然科学基金(52202334)

Research progress on catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

SUN Ruili¹(), WEN Yajing¹, DENG Cai¹, ZHANG Zinan²(), JI Feng³, XU Xinlong⁴, CHEN Ting¹, WANG Shaorong¹()

^1.School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^2.Institute for New Energy Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
^3.Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 201100, China
^4.Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China

Received:2024-11-06 Revised:2025-04-20 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08
Contact: ZHANG Zinan, WANG Shaorong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

催化层是聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的关键组件之一，其性能、寿命和成本与PEMFC商业化息息相关。然而由Pt/C电催化剂和离聚物形成的传统催化层面临传质阻力大、电催化剂利用率低等问题，影响PEMFC性能。本文回顾了近年研究者在降低传质阻力和提高电催化剂利用率方面取得的成就，主要从电子传导“通道”有序化的催化层、质子迁移“通道”有序化的催化层、反应物传递“通道”有序化的催化层等三个方面阐述了有序化物质传递“通道”或三相反应界面区域的研究进展；分析了催化层优化措施的应用优势及关键挑战，并对PEMFC催化层的未来发展进行了展望，指出高效三相反应界面区域的催化层是PEMFC研究重点或热点。

关键词: 电化学, 燃料电池, 催化层, 有序, 传质

Abstract:

Catalyst layers (CLs) are one of the core components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), and their performance, lifetime, and cost are closely linked with PEMFC commercialization. However, traditional catalyst layers composed of Pt/C electrocatalysts and ionomer materials face main issues such as high mass transfer resistance and low catalyst utilization, thereby affecting PEMFC performance. This paper reviews recent achievements in reducing mass transfer resistance and improving electrocatalyst utilization, elaborates on the latest progress regarding ordered mass transfer “channels” or efficient triple-phase boundary regions from three perspectives: CLs with ordered electron-conducting “channels,” proton-transport “channels,” and reactant-transport “channels.” Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of CLs fabricated via various optimization strategies are explored, and insights into the development of CLs for PEMFC are provided, highlighting that CLs with efficient triple-phase boundary regions are expected to be a major research focus or hotspot in this field.

Key words: electrochemistry, fuel cells, catalyst layers, ordered, mass transfer

中图分类号:

TM911

孙瑞利, 文雅静, 邓蔡, 张子楠, 姬峰, 许新龙, 陈婷, 王绍荣. 聚合物电解质膜燃料电池催化层研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6244-6257.

SUN Ruili, WEN Yajing, DENG Cai, ZHANG Zinan, JI Feng, XU Xinlong, CHEN Ting, WANG Shaorong. Research progress on catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6244-6257.

图/表 7

图1 聚合物电解质膜燃料电池膜电极的结构

图2 聚合物电解质膜燃料电池催化层制备方法及其三相反应界面区域

图3 有序化催化层结构模型[19-20]

图4 基于Pt/VACNT的膜电极制备过程及其形貌和单池性能[30]

图5 以铂及其合金为基本材料构成的有序纳米结构催化层形貌[37, 40]

图6 不同方法制备的质子迁移“通道”有序化催化层的形貌或性能[19, 44-45]

图7 传统催化层内三相反应界面区域[53-54, 66, 70]

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聚合物电解质膜燃料电池催化层研究进展

Research progress on catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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