绿氢时代的船用燃料：绿色甲醇和绿氨

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1771

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对全球气候变化的严峻形势，航运业的绿色转型迫在眉睫。绿色甲醇和绿氨作为两种新型的船用燃料，在航运业脱碳进程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文从绿色甲醇和绿氨的产能、市场需求、生产技术、产业布局等多个维度，分析了绿色甲醇和绿氨在推动航运领域绿色低碳转型发展方面的潜力。文中提出：绿色甲醇因其成熟的发动机技术使其更适合作为现阶段航运业的替代燃料，而绿氨的零碳属性使其成为航运业长期减排的理想选择。

关键词: 绿色甲醇, 绿氨, 船用燃料, 碳减排

Abstract:

In the face of the severe situation of global climate change, the green transformation of the shipping industry is imminent. As two new types of marine fuels, green methanol and green ammonia play an increasingly important role in the decarbonization process of the shipping industry. This paper analyses the potential of green methanol and green ammonia in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transition in shipping from the dimensions of production capacity, market demand, production technology and industrial layout. Green methanol is more suitable as an alternative fuel for shipping at this stage due to its mature engine technology, while green ammonia's zero-carbon attribute makes it an ideal choice for long-term emission reduction in the shipping industry.

Key words: green methanol, green ammonia, marine fuel, carbon reduction

中图分类号:

TQ072

刘迪, 汤玮健, 韩伟, 王铃, 程薇, 黄丽敏, 程钰丹. 绿氢时代的船用燃料：绿色甲醇和绿氨[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 6747-6754.

LIU Di, TANG Weijian, HAN Wei, WANG Ling, CHENG Wei, HUANG Limin, CHENG Yudan. Marine fuels in the era of green hydrogen: Green methanol and green ammonia[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 6747-6754.

图/表 2

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物质	密度/kg·m^-³	热值/MJ·kg^-1	辛烷值	火焰传播速度/m·s^-1
液氨	603	18.6	>130	0.015
甲醇	786	19.7	109	0.43

物质	密度/kg·m^-³	热值/MJ·kg^-1	辛烷值	火焰传播速度/m·s^-1
液氨	603	18.6	>130	0.015
甲醇	786	19.7	109	0.43

指标	绿色甲醇	绿氨
环境友好度	易于在海水中降解，泄漏污染较小	泄漏影响环境
燃烧特性	热值较高，燃烧充分，效率高	燃烧速度较慢，需要特殊燃烧系统
发动机应用	技术成熟，改造简单	技术尚不成熟，需要更多研发
生产工艺	生产路线多样，涉及复杂工艺	生产工艺相对成熟
配套设施	可直接利用现有燃料油基础设施	需要新建或改造配套设施
成本	CO₂获取成本是关键，直接空气捕获成本较高	生产无需额外碳源，成本优势明显
安全性	爆炸极限较宽，火灾风险高	爆炸极限较窄，相对安全
碳减排潜力	低碳燃料	零碳燃料，碳减排潜力大

指标	绿色甲醇	绿氨
环境友好度	易于在海水中降解，泄漏污染较小	泄漏影响环境
燃烧特性	热值较高，燃烧充分，效率高	燃烧速度较慢，需要特殊燃烧系统
发动机应用	技术成熟，改造简单	技术尚不成熟，需要更多研发
生产工艺	生产路线多样，涉及复杂工艺	生产工艺相对成熟
配套设施	可直接利用现有燃料油基础设施	需要新建或改造配套设施
成本	CO₂获取成本是关键，直接空气捕获成本较高	生产无需额外碳源，成本优势明显
安全性	爆炸极限较宽，火灾风险高	爆炸极限较窄，相对安全
碳减排潜力	低碳燃料	零碳燃料，碳减排潜力大