高效低阻PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜制备及其细微颗粒去除性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空气污染会对人体健康和生态环境产生不利影响，目前，空气过滤材料被广泛用于缓解空气污染问题，然而，传统空气过滤材料难以兼顾高过滤效率和低过滤阻力之间的竞争关系。为此本文以聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺（PMIA）和聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（PVDF-HFP）为原料，基于静电纺丝技术制备了PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维空气过滤材料。通过改变纺丝液中PMIA和PVDF-HFP的配比，探究了其对纳米纤维膜形貌、孔结构和过滤性能的影响。通过高温热处理可以调控膜孔结构，并提高复合纳米纤维膜对空气中微小颗粒物的拦截能力。结果表明，当纺丝液中PMIA和PVDF-HFP的质量比为8∶1时，所制备的不同纤维直径的PMIA/PVDF-HFP复合纳米纤维空气过滤材料性能较为优异，其平均孔径为1.51μm，透气率为148.96mm/s，断裂强力为13.57MPa，对PM1.0的空气过滤效率和压降分别是99.51%和45.3Pa。同时，本文所制备的PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维空气过滤材料经高温处理一定时间后，其空气过滤性能依然保持稳定。在空气过滤领域，尤其是高温空气过滤领域，具有极大应用潜力。

关键词: 聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺, 聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯, 静电纺纳米纤维, 空气过滤, 耐高温

Abstract:

Air pollution has adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. At present, air filtration materials are widely used to mitigate air pollution problems. However, conventional air filtration materials struggle to balance the competitive relationship between high filtration efficiency and low filtration resistance. This study addressed this challenge by using poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) as raw materials to fabricate PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber air filtration materials through electrospinning technology. By varying PMIA and PVDF-HFP ratios in the spinning solution, the influence on nanofiber membrane morphology, pore structure and filtration performance was investigated. High-temperature heat treatment was employed to modulate the membrane pore structure and enhance the composite nanofiber membrane's ability to intercept airborne particulate matter. Results indicated that composite nanofiber air filtration materials prepared with a PMIA to PVDF-HFP mass ratio of 8∶1 exhibited superior performance across different fiber diameters with an average pore size of 1.51μm, air permeability of 148.96mm/s, tensile strength of 13.57MPa and filtration efficiencies of 99.51% for PM1.0 particles with a pressure drop of 45.3Pa. In addition, the air filtration performance of the PMIA/PVDF-HFP composite nanofiber material remained stable after prolonged high temperature treatment. Thus, the developed PMIA/PVDF-HFP nanofiber air filtration material held promising potential for applications in air filtration, particularly in high-temperature environments

Key words: poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), electrospun nanofibers, air filtration, high temperature stability

中图分类号:

TQ34

文钰颖, 陈子依, 陈明星, 张威, 吴艳杰. 高效低阻PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜制备及其细微颗粒去除性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(10): 5828-5837.

WEN Yuying, CHEN Ziyi, CHEN Mingxing, ZHANG Wei, WU Yanjie. Preparation of PMIA/PVDF-HFP nanofiber membrane with high efficiency and low pressure drop for particulate matter removal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(10): 5828-5837.

图/表 13

图1 纳米纤维膜的制备

表1 静电纺丝工艺参数

工艺参数	设定值
纺丝电压	15kV
接收距离	11cm
供料速度	0.15mL/h
接收辊速度	300r/min
温度	常温
湿度	70%~80%
纺丝时间	1h

图2 空气过滤测试原理

图3 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜微观形貌

图4 PMIA、PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜FTIR图

图5 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜孔径分布

图6 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜透气性能测试

图7 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜力学性能测试

图8 不同配比样品热处理前后空气过滤效率、压降以及热处理后样品的品质因子

表2 不同纳米纤维膜的空气过滤性能

空气过滤材料	过滤颗粒物大小	过滤效率/%	压降/Pa	参考文献
PMIA/PVDF-HFP	PM1.0	99.51	45.3	本文
AgNPs/PAN	PM2.5	99.1	83	[36]
PBI	PM2.5	98.5	130	[37]
PMIA/TiO₂	PM2.5	99.3	61	[38]
PA-6S	PM2.5	99.4	85.5	[39]
PVDF/GO/PI	PM2.5	99.6	123	[40]
PVC	PM2.5	94.35	119.12	[41]

图9 热处理后样品P2在不同测试条件下的空气过滤性能

图10 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜耐高温空气过滤性能

图11 PMIA/PVDF-HFP纳米纤维膜对艾草叶燃烧所产生高温烟气的过滤性能

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