高温复合滤料的纤维分析检测研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0592

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前国内外缺乏系统完善的耐高温纤维分析检测标准、滤料市场中耐高温纤维混用比例不实、产品质量良莠不齐的问题，基于现有高温复合滤料纤维分析检测的研究成果及进展进行总结。介绍了高温滤料行业中常用的有机纤维、无机纤维及其物化特点，重点综述了常规检测法如化学溶解法、燃烧法，现代测试技术如红外法、热重法、差热法、偏振光法以及多仪器联动组合使用技术在复合滤料纤维定量定性分析检测的测试现状，并结合实测方法应用的优劣势，展望了耐高温纤维未来分析检测的发展趋势。由于常规燃烧法受主观影响、溶解法污染环境，未来高温复合滤料纤维的分析检测应考虑现代测试技术并探索多种方法、不同技术的组合使用，今后应加快完善耐高温纤维的定量分析检测标准。

关键词: 耐高温纤维, 复合滤料, 定性分析, 定量分析, 纤维检测

Abstract:

Aiming at the current lack of systematic and perfect analysis and testing standards for high-temperature resistant fibers at home and abroad, the problem of unrealistic mixing ratio of high-temperature resistant fibers in the filter media market and the uneven quality of products, a summary was made based on the research results and progress of the analysis and testing of existing high-temperature composite filter media fibers. This paper introduced the high temperature filter media industry commonly used organic fibers, inorganic fibers and their physical and chemical characteristics, focusing on an overview of conventional detection methods such as chemical dissolution method, combustion method, modern testing techniques such as infrared method, thermogravimetric method, differential thermal method, polarized light method, and the use of multi-instrument combined use of technology in the composite filter media fibers quantitative and qualitative analysis of the current status of the test. Combined with the pros and cons of the measured method of high-temperature resistant fibers, the future development trend of analysis and testing was proposed. It was believed that since the conventional combustion method was subject to subjective influence and dissolution method polluted the environment, the future analysis and testing of high temperature composite filter media fibers should take into account the modern testing technology to explore a variety of methods and combination of different technologies, and should be accelerated in the future to improve the quantitative analysis and testing standards of high temperature fibers.

Key words: high-temperature resistant fibers, composite filter material, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, fiber detection

中图分类号:

TS107.8

孙明楷, 陈文静, 李明聪, 陈影, 蒋树军, 鹿贵滨, 周蓉. 高温复合滤料的纤维分析检测研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 2133-2140.

SUN Mingkai, CHEN Wenjing, LI Mingcong, CHEN Ying, JIANG Shujun, LU Guibin, ZHOU Rong. Advances in fiber analysis and testing of high-temperature composite filter material[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 2133-2140.

图/表 3

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纤维种类	燃烧状态			燃烧气味	残留物特征
纤维种类	靠近火焰时	接触火焰时	离开火焰时	燃烧气味	残留物特征
PTFE	熔缩	熔融燃烧	自灭	石蜡味	呈白色胶状伴有少量黑色粉末
PI	不熔不缩	燃烧、发红光	自灭	辛辣味	呈黑色灰烬
PPS	熔缩	熔融燃烧冒黑烟	自灭	烧硫黄气味	呈不规则硬且脆黑色块状
PSA	不熔不缩	熔融燃烧	自灭	浆糊气味	呈黑色焦炭状
PMIA	不熔不缩	燃烧冒黑烟	自灭	特异气味	呈黑色絮状
玻璃纤维	不熔不缩	熔融发红光	自灭	无味	呈白色硬珠状
BF	不熔不缩	发红光、冒白烟	自灭	无味	呈黑褐色且硬脆易断
陶瓷纤维	不熔不缩	橙黄色火焰	无明显现象	无味	呈浅黑色

纤维种类	燃烧状态			燃烧气味	残留物特征
纤维种类	靠近火焰时	接触火焰时	离开火焰时	燃烧气味	残留物特征
PTFE	熔缩	熔融燃烧	自灭	石蜡味	呈白色胶状伴有少量黑色粉末
PI	不熔不缩	燃烧、发红光	自灭	辛辣味	呈黑色灰烬
PPS	熔缩	熔融燃烧冒黑烟	自灭	烧硫黄气味	呈不规则硬且脆黑色块状
PSA	不熔不缩	熔融燃烧	自灭	浆糊气味	呈黑色焦炭状
PMIA	不熔不缩	燃烧冒黑烟	自灭	特异气味	呈黑色絮状
玻璃纤维	不熔不缩	熔融发红光	自灭	无味	呈白色硬珠状
BF	不熔不缩	发红光、冒白烟	自灭	无味	呈黑褐色且硬脆易断
陶瓷纤维	不熔不缩	橙黄色火焰	无明显现象	无味	呈浅黑色

纤维种类	热性能
PTFE	T_d约为425℃
PI	T_g>280℃，杂环PI的T_g可超过450℃，T_d约为560℃
PPS	T_d>400℃，熔点为284℃
PSA	T_d约为422℃
PMIA	T_d为400~430℃
玻璃纤维	工作常用温度280℃
BF	最高工作温度650℃
陶瓷纤维	工作温度800~1500℃

纤维种类	热性能
PTFE	T_d约为425℃
PI	T_g>280℃，杂环PI的T_g可超过450℃，T_d约为560℃
PPS	T_d>400℃，熔点为284℃
PSA	T_d约为422℃
PMIA	T_d为400~430℃
玻璃纤维	工作常用温度280℃
BF	最高工作温度650℃
陶瓷纤维	工作温度800~1500℃

纤维种类	颜色变化
PTFE	色彩丰富，+45°时浅蓝黄粉色条纹，-45°时黄、粉、蓝色条纹变化
PPS	+45°时边缘开始呈泛粉红，绿色泛粉红色；-45°时边缘开始呈泛绿、黄、绿色变化
PMIA	+45°时边缘开始呈浅粉红浅灰蓝，到-45°时边缘开始呈灰色白线条浅变化
PI	+45°时边缘开始呈粉色灰蓝色，到-45°时边缘开始呈黄、绿、黄色变化
玻璃纤维	颜色透亮且无变化