化学镀铁镍碳纤维制备及其电磁屏蔽性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0924

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高碳纤维（CF）的屏蔽性能和实现宽频化应用，本文通过化学镀方法分别在CF表面沉积Ni、FeNi金属层，制备了碳纤维杂化材料（CF@Ni、CF@FeNi）。其次以水性聚氨酯（WPU）为基体，依次以CF、CF@Ni和CF@FeNi为填料，制备了轻质、柔性的复合材料。同时测试了复合材料在30~3000MHz的电磁屏蔽性能和10~100kHz的磁屏蔽性能。结果表明，成功地在碳纤维表面镀覆了一层致密、均匀的金属层，其中CF@FeNi的饱和磁化强度（Ms）、剩余磁化强度（Br）和矫顽力（Hc）分别达到了10.02emu/g、0.76emu/g和26.06Oe。金属镀层改善了碳纤维的电磁屏蔽性能，并有效提高了其在低频段的磁屏蔽性能。当添加量为9%时，WPU@CF@FeNi在30~3000MHz与10~100kHz的屏蔽效能峰值分别达到26.9dB和18.0dB。

关键词: 化学镀, 铁镍镀层, 碳纤维, 软磁性能, 电磁屏蔽

Abstract:

In order to improve the shielding performance of carbon fiber (CF) and realize wide-band application, carbon fiber hybrid materials (CF@Ni, CF@FeNi) were prepared by electroless plating on CF surface. Secondly, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as matrix, and CF, CF@Ni and CF@FeNi were used as fillers in turn to prepare lightweight and flexible composites. At the same time, the electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites at 30—3000MHz and 10—100kHz were tested. The results showed that a dense and uniform metal layer was successfully deposited on the surface of carbon fiber, in which the saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Br) and coercivity (Hc) of CF@FeNi reached 10.02emu/g, 0.76emu/g and 26.06Oe, respectively. Metal coating improved the electromagnetic shielding performance of carbon fiber and effectively improved its magnetic shielding performance in low frequency band. The peak shielding effectiveness of WPU@CF@FeNi at 30—3000MHz and 10—100kHz reached 26.9dB and 18.0dB, respectively when the addition of WPU@CF@FeNi was 9%.

Key words: electroless plating, FeNi coated layer, carbon fiber, soft-magnetic properties, electromagnetic shielding

中图分类号:

TQ15

周锐, 俞科静, 徐阳. 化学镀铁镍碳纤维制备及其电磁屏蔽性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3955-3963.

ZHOU Rui, YU Kejing, XU Yang. Preparation and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of electroless iron-nickel plated carbon fiber[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3955-3963.

图/表 14

图1 CF@FeNi制备流程图

表1 化学镀液成分及浓度

镀液成分	浓度/g·L^-1		镀液成分	浓度/g·L^-1
次亚磷酸钠	40		硫酸铵	49
硫酸镍	30	15	酒石酸钾钠	60
硫酸亚铁铵	0	15	碳纤维	1

图2 CF、CF@Ni、CF@FeNi的SEM图

图3 CF@Ni、CF@FeNi的EDS图

表2 CF@Ni的元素百分含量

元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	16.0	42.8
O	3.3	6.7
P	12.7	13.2
Ni	68.0	37.3

表3 CF@FeNi元素百分含量

元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	14.8	37.8
O	8.5	16.3
P	12.6	12.4
Fe	6.3	3.4
Ni	57.8	30.1

图4 CF、CF@Ni和CF@FeNi的XRD谱图

图5 CF@Ni、CF@FeNi的磁滞回线

表4 CF@Ni、CF@FeNi的磁性能参数

样品

饱和磁化强度

Ms/emu·g^-1

剩余磁化强度Br

/emu·g^-1

矫顽力

Hc/Oe

图6 WPU@CF、WPU@CF@Ni和WPU@CF@FeNi的电磁屏蔽效能测试图

图7 复合材料对电磁波的屏蔽机理图

图8 低频磁场屏蔽效能测试装置示意图

图9 WPU@CF、WPU@CF@Ni和WPU@CF@FeNi的低频磁屏蔽效能

图10 复合材料低频磁场屏蔽原理

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