增材制造连续碳纤维增强金属基复合材料性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用增材制造工艺方法进行具有高比强度、密度小等优良性能连续碳纤维增强金属基复合材料的直接制备。研究了连续碳纤维表面改性、路径搭接率、打印喷头温度、基板温度、打印速度等过程处理方法及工艺参数对所制备金属基复合材料抗拉强度的影响。研究结果表明，对连续碳纤维原材料实施表面改性处理，可以实现制备过程中熔融金属基体与连续碳纤维之间的良好浸润复合，以提高复合材料的抗拉强度；增大路径搭接率，可以有效提高增材制造复合材料内部纤维的体积占比，从而增大其抗拉强度；升高打印喷头温度、基板温度、打印速度，可以减小熔融金属表面张力，提高其流动性，并有利于沉积层间实现良好重熔，从而有效避免在已沉积层表面裂纹处和路径搭接区凹坑处形成气孔缺陷，进一步提升复合材料的抗拉强度。

关键词: 增材制造, 金属基复合材料, 连续碳纤维, 锡铋合金, 三维直写

Abstract:

The continuous carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites with high specific strength and low density were prepared by additive manufacturing technology. The influences of process treatment methods and parameters, such as the surface modification of the continuous carbon fiber, the overlap rate of the path, the temperature of the print head and substrate, were studied on the tensile strength of the metal matrix composites. The results showed that well infiltration and compounding could be achieved between the molten metal matrix and the continuous carbon fiber while the surface of the carbon fiber was modified. At the same time, the tensile strength of the composite material was also improved. When the overlap rate of the printing path was increased, the volume fraction of the carbon fiber during composite material and its tensile strength were both increased. The surface tension of the molten metal was decreased, and its fluidity was better when the print head temperature, substrate temperature and printing speed were increased. This was conducive to the formation of re-fusion between the deposited layers, and could also effectively avoid the formation of pore defects at the surface cracks and the path overlap area, so that the tensile strength of the composite material could be further improved.

Key words: additive manufacturing, metal matrix composites, continuous carbon fiber, Sn-Bi alloy, three dimensional direct writing

中图分类号:

TH164

杨立宁, 王金业, 张永弟, 常宏杰, 杨光. 增材制造连续碳纤维增强金属基复合材料性能[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6777-6784.

YANG Lining, WANG Jinye, ZHANG Yongdi, CHANG Hongjie, YANG Guang. Performance of continuous carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites formed by additive manufacturing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6777-6784.

图/表 16

图1 连续碳纤维增强金属基复合材料增材制造实验装置

图2 连续碳纤维增强金属基复合材料增材制造工艺原理

图3 不同界面复合效果对应的拉伸试样断裂模式示意图

图4 打印、机加、拉断样件

图5 采用表面未改性连续碳纤维制备的试样经拉伸断裂后的断口形貌

图6 表面改性前后碳纤维的微观形貌

图7 采用经表面改性后的连续碳纤维制备的试样拉伸断裂后的断口形貌

图8 相邻两打印路径之间形成搭接区示意图

图9 不同路径搭接率条件下制备的试样内纤维分布情况示意图

图10 不同路径搭接率条件下所得单层试样表面及断面形貌

图11 不同路径搭接率条件下成形的试样的碳纤维体积分数及其抗拉强度的变化曲线

图12 复合材料内部气孔缺陷形成过程示意图

图13 不同打印喷头温度条件下成型试样的抗拉强度

图14 不同打印基板温度条件下成型的试样的抗拉强度

图15 不同温度参数条件下成型的试样的内部气孔分布

图16 不同打印速度条件下成型试样的抗拉强度

参考文献 20

1	HAGEDORN Y C, BALACHANDRAN N, MEINERSW W, et al. SLM of net-shaped high strength ceramics: new opportunities for producing dental restorations[J]. Physical Sciences, 2011, 10: 536-546.
2	CHLEBUS E, KUZNICKA B, KURZYNOWSKI T, et al. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy produced by selective laser melting[J]. Materials Characterization, 2011, 62(5): 488-495.
3	BUCHBINDER D, SCHLEIFENBAUM H, HEIDRICH S, et al. High power selective laser melting (HP SLM) of aluminum parts[J]. Physics Procedia, 2011, 12: 271-278.
4	李卿, 赵国瑞, 马文有, 等. 选区激光熔化成形多孔Ti6Al4V(ELI)合金的拉伸性能及断裂机制[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(2): 4073-4076.
	LI Qing, ZHAO Guorui, MA Wenyou, et al. Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of porous Ti6Al4V (ELI) alloy fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(2): 4073-4076.
5	孙靖, 朱小刚, 李鹏, 等. 激光体能量密度对激光选区熔化成形TC4钛合金致密化行为的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2020, 44(1): 51-56.
	SUN Jing, ZHU Xiaogang, LI Peng, et al. Effect of laser bulk energy density on densification behavior of TC4 titanium alloy by SLM[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 44(1): 51-56.
6	杨威, 陈志国, 汪力, 等. 镍基合金Inconel 740激光近净成形多方向温度场[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2018, 28(8): 1579-1586.
	YANG Wei, CHEN Zhiguo, WANG Li, et al. Multi-direction temperature field of Inconel 740 nickel based alloy in laser engineered net shaping[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2018, 28(8): 1579-1586.
7	郭超, 林峰, 葛文君. 电子束选区熔化成形316L不锈钢的工艺研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2014, 50(21): 152-158.
	GUO Chao, LIN Feng, GE Wenjun. Study on the fabrication process of 316L stainless steel via electron beam selective melting[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(21): 152-158.
8	晏耐生, 林峰, 齐海波, 等. 电子束选区熔化技术中可控振动落粉铺粉系统的研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2010, 21(19): 2379-2382， 2389.
	YAN Naisheng, LIN Feng, QI Haibo, et al. Study on controllable vibration powder spreading system in electron beam selective melting[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(19): 2379-2382， 2389.
9	杨立宁, 单忠德, 戎文娟, 等. 低熔点金属熔融三维直写技术研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 49(10): 2405-2412.
	YANG Lining, SHAN Zhongde, RONG Wenjuan, et al. Three-dimensional direct writing technology of low melting point molten metal [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2018, 49(10): 2405-2412.
10	杨立宁, 单忠德, 戎文娟, 等. 锌合金熔融沉积三维打印工艺[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(7): 1364-1369.
	YANG Lining, SHAN Zhongde, RONG Wenjuan, et al. Three-dimensional printing technology of zinc alloy fused and deposition[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2018, 52(7): 1364-1369.
11	单忠德, 杨立宁, 刘丰, 等. 金属材料喷射沉积3D打印工艺[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 47(11): 3642-3647.
	SHAN Zhongde, YANG Lining, LIU Feng, et al. Three-dimensional printing technology based on metal spray and deposition[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2016, 47(11): 3642-3647.
12	KLIFT F V D, KOGA Y, TODOROKI A, et al. 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber rein-forced thermo-plastic CFRTP tensile test specimens[J]. Open Journal Composite Materials, 2016, 6(1): 18-27.
13	JUSTO J, TAVARA L, GARCIAGUZMAN Let al. Characterization of 3D printed long fiber reinforced composite[J]. Composite Structures, 2017, 185: 537-548.
14	CAMINERO M A, CHACON J M, GARCIAMORENO I, et al. Impact damage resistance of 3D printed continuous fiber rein-forced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling[J]. Composites, Part B: Engineering, 2018, 148: 93-103.
15	TIAN X, LIU T, YANG C, et al. Interface and performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites[J]. Composites, Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016, 88: 198-205.
16	YANG C, TIAN X, LIU T, et al. 3D printing for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: mechanism and performance[J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2017, 23(1): 209-215.
17	单忠德, 范聪泽, 孙启利, 等. 纤维增强树脂基复合材料增材制造技术与装备研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(2): 221-226.
	SHAN Zhongde, FAN Congze, SUN Qili, et al. Research on additive manufacturing technology and equipment for fiber reinforced resin composites [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31(2): 221-226.
18	MATSUZAKI R, UEDA M, NAMIKI M, et al. Three-dimensional printing of continuous-fiber composites by in-nozzle impregnation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 23058.
19	WANG X, TIAN X Y, YIN L X, et al. 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced low melting point alloy matrix composites: mechanical properties and microstructures[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(16): 1-15.
20	WANG X, TIAN X Y, LIAN Q, et al. Fiber traction printing: a 3D printing method of continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 33(11): 1-11.

[1]	杨立宁, 郑东昊, 王立新, 杨光. 基于蜻蜓翅脉结构的连续碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料仿生设计与增材制造[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5961-5967.
[2]	周昕瞳, 刘振星, 刘昌俊. 3D打印在催化和吸附材料制备领域的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 516-528.
[3]	程礼盛, 李轶, 雷文龙, 阎华, 杨卫民, 李好义. 熔体直写电纺聚己内酯纤维有序沉积工艺[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(11): 4358-4363.