长波长驱动光开关染料分子研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0894

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光开关染料分子可以在光照条件下于不同状态间发生可逆异构化，为高时空分辨远程控制材料和生物系统提供了独特的机会。然而，传统的光开关染料分子不可避免地需要紫外光激发，紫外光具有高损伤、高耗能、毒性大、组织穿透力差等弊端，导致其在生物领域应用受限。可见光/近红外光低能耗、低损伤且组织穿透力强，更能满足生物应用需求。因此，开发长波长驱动的光开关染料分子对推进其在超分辨成像、光药理学等新兴交叉学科领域应用具有重要意义。本文详细总结了近年来传统和新兴光开关染料分子在红移激发波长方面取得的最新研究进展，并针对转换效率、异构化量子产率、热力学稳定性以及抗疲劳性等指标对其光开关性能进行评价与讨论。最后对可见光/近红外光开关染料分子在未来发展过程中可能面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望。

关键词: 可见光, 近红外, 光开关染料, 光致变色

Abstract:

Photoswitches are chromophores that undergo reversible isomerization between different states upon irradiation with light, allowing a convenient means to spatiotemporally control their influence over the system of interest. However, a significant limitation of classical photoswitches is the requirement to initiate the switching in one or both directions using deleterious UV light with high damage, energy consumption, toxicity, and poor tissue penetration. Red-shifted photoswitches are in high demand and have attracted recent research interest. In this review, we highlight recent progress towards the development of visible- and NIR-activated photoswitches characterized by distinct photoswitches and examine the key photochromic properties, including photoconversion efficiency, isomerization quantum yields, the thermal half-lives of the thermodynamically unstable isomers, and the resistance of the systems to photofatigue in each case. Finally, the opportunities and challenges that visible- and NIR-activated photoswitches may face in future development are prospected.

Key words: visible light, near-infrared light, photoswitch, photochromism

中图分类号:

TQ61

张志伟, 杨伟鑫, 张隽佶. 长波长驱动光开关染料分子研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4058-4075.

ZHANG Zhiwei, YANG Weixin, ZHANG Junji. Recent progress of long-wavelength-light-driven photoswitches[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4058-4075.

图/表 15

图1 常见光开关染料分子结构式以及光异构化示意图

图2 桥连偶氮苯染料分子结构及其光开关性能

图3 邻位四取代偶氮苯染料分子结构、光开关性能及其机理探究

图4 BF2络合型偶氮苯染料分子式、晶体结构及其光开关性能[29-30]

图5 双光子吸收近红外偶氮苯AB-12结构式及机理示意图[32]

图6 可见光驱动分子马达M-13~M-24结构式及其性能汇总

图7 共轭延伸型可见光二芳基乙烯分子结构式及其光开关性能汇总

图8 三线态敏化可见光二芳基乙烯分子结构及原理示意图[50-52]

图9 基于IPT过程的可见光二芳基乙烯分子结构式及其光开关性能汇总[53]

图10 可见光驱动靛蓝类光开关分子结构及其性能汇总

图11 HI-46的异构化过程及对应的吸收谱图变化[60]

图12 红光/近红外二氢芘光开关分子结构及其性能汇总

图13 化合物DHP-52，54溶液颜色及对应的吸收谱图[64]

图14 三代DASA分子结构式及其光开关性能汇总[65]

图15 DASA-57在可见光照射下的吸收谱图变化[66]

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