燃煤耦合可再生燃料烟气多污染物协同催化脱除研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0535

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对“双碳”背景下燃煤耦合可再生燃料烟气中多污染物（NO、Hg⁰及VOCs等）协同催化脱除问题，文章综述了单一组分及多污染物协同催化脱除机理、相互作用机制和催化剂设计开发的研究现状。指出多污染物协同脱除机理与单一污染物脱除机理类似，但协同脱除性能受污染物交互影响及烟气组分影响。着重从催化剂活性组分、非均相催化反应过程、整体式等方面综述了多污染物协同脱除催化剂研究进展。最后对多污染物协同催化脱除未来研究提出展望，指出进一步在分子和介观层次上优化，实现活性组分的高稳定性分散以兼济催化剂的活性和稳定性、打破反应物在催化剂表面的吸附方式、加强抗中毒设计以及在实际应用环境下的系统研究，将是燃煤耦合可再生燃料烟气多污染物协同脱除催化剂的重点发展方向。

关键词: 多污染物, 协同催化, 机理, 催化剂

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of synergistic catalytic elimination of multiple pollutants (NO, Hg⁰, VOC, etc.) in the flue gas of coal combustion coupled with renewable fuels under the background of "dual carbon", we summarized the single component and multi pollutant synergistic catalytic elimination mechanism, interaction mechanism and catalyst design in this work. The mechanism of synergistic catalytic elimination of multiple pollutant is similar to that of single pollutant removal, but the performance of synergistic elimination is affected by interaction of pollutants and flue gas composition. The active components, heterogeneous reaction processes, and monolithic catalyst were reviewed. Finally, the prospect of synergistic catalytic elimination of multiple pollutants in flue gas of coal combustion coupled with renewable fuels is proposed that includes the catalyst optimization at the molecular and mesoscopic levels, high stability dispersion of active components, breaking the adsorption mode, design of anti-poisoning catalyst and systematic research in practical application.

Key words: multiple pollutants, synergistic catalytic, mechanism, catalyst

中图分类号:

X701

王红妍, 马子然, 李歌, 马静, 赵春林, 周佳丽, 王磊, 彭胜攀. 燃煤耦合可再生燃料烟气多污染物协同催化脱除研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(4): 1783-1795.

WANG Hongyan, MA Ziran, LI Ge, MA Jing, ZHAO Chunlin, ZHOU Jiali, WANG Lei, PENG Shengpan. Research progress in synergistic catalytic elimination of multiple pollutants in flue gas of coal combustion coupled with renewable fuels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(4): 1783-1795.

图/表 11

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项目	现行排放限值	严格后排放限值
标准	火电厂大气污染排放标准/煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划（GB 13223—2011）	燃煤耦合污泥电厂大气污染物排放标准（DB 31/1291—2021）
烟尘（颗粒物）/mg·m^-3	10	5
二氧化硫（SO₂）/mg·m^-3	35	35
氮氧化物（以NO₂计）/mg·m^-3	50	50
汞及其化合物（以Hg计）/mg·m^-3	0.03	0.01
镉、铊及其化合物（以Cd+Ti计）/mg·m^-3	0.1^①	0.01
锑、砷、铅、铬、钴、铜、锰、镍及其化合物（以Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni计)/mg·m^-3	1.0^①	0.08
二𫫇英类/ngTEQ·m^-3	0.1^①	0.02
非甲烷总烃（NHMC，以碳计）/mg·m^-3	120^②	10^③

项目	现行排放限值	严格后排放限值
标准	火电厂大气污染排放标准/煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划（GB 13223—2011）	燃煤耦合污泥电厂大气污染物排放标准（DB 31/1291—2021）
烟尘（颗粒物）/mg·m^-3	10	5
二氧化硫（SO₂）/mg·m^-3	35	35
氮氧化物（以NO₂计）/mg·m^-3	50	50
汞及其化合物（以Hg计）/mg·m^-3	0.03	0.01
镉、铊及其化合物（以Cd+Ti计）/mg·m^-3	0.1^①	0.01
锑、砷、铅、铬、钴、铜、锰、镍及其化合物（以Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni计)/mg·m^-3	1.0^①	0.08
二𫫇英类/ngTEQ·m^-3	0.1^①	0.02
非甲烷总烃（NHMC，以碳计）/mg·m^-3	120^②	10^③

组分	NH₃-SCR	Hg⁰氧化	VOCs氧化
O₂	促进NO吸附，形成中间物种，促进	补充氧物种，促进	补充氧物种，促进
SO₂	生成硫铵、硫酸盐，催化剂失活，抑制	生成硫酸盐酸性位，促进；竞争吸附，消耗表面氧，抑制；无定论	竞争吸附，促进中间产物解吸，抑制
H₂O	竞争吸附，抑制	竞争吸附，抑制	竞争吸附，抑制
HCl	消耗还原剂NH₃，降低酸性，与活性位反应，抑制	活性Cl反应生成挥发性汞，促进	—

组分	NH₃-SCR	Hg⁰氧化	VOCs氧化
O₂	促进NO吸附，形成中间物种，促进	补充氧物种，促进	补充氧物种，促进
SO₂	生成硫铵、硫酸盐，催化剂失活，抑制	生成硫酸盐酸性位，促进；竞争吸附，消耗表面氧，抑制；无定论	竞争吸附，促进中间产物解吸，抑制
H₂O	竞争吸附，抑制	竞争吸附，抑制	竞争吸附，抑制
HCl	消耗还原剂NH₃，降低酸性，与活性位反应，抑制	活性Cl反应生成挥发性汞，促进	—

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