循环精馏技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0469

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“碳中和”“碳达峰”的战略目标下，过程强化是实现绿色生产的关键技术之一。循环精馏作为一种基于过程强化理论的新型精馏技术，通过采用特定塔内构件和控制方案而改变传统精馏塔内气相和液相的流动方式，实现气液两相分别呈周期性独立运动SPM的操作模式。循环精馏技术理论上可实现塔内液相返混为零，使分离推动力最大化，具有处理能力大、能耗低及分离性能好等优点。相较传统精馏操作，循环精馏技术可使单板效率提高到140%～300%，能耗降低20%～30%。本文针对循环精馏技术的研究背景、工作原理、工业应用、两种专用塔板（Maleta塔板和COPS塔板）以及循环精馏技术在隔板塔和反应精馏等过程强化技术中的应用进行了综合论述。论文对循环精馏技术的控制方法和内构件研究中存在的问题进行了总结，并对循环精馏技术的发展方向和前景进行了展望。

关键词: 循环精馏, 过程强化, 单独相运动, 精馏

Abstract:

Under the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, process intensification is one of the key technologies for achieving green production. Cyclic distillation, a new distillation technology based on the process intensification theory, utilizes specific tower internals and control schemes to change the flow mode of gas and liquid phase in the traditional distillation column and achieves periodic separate phase movement (SPM) of gas and liquid phases, offering advantages such as high processing capacity, low energy consumption, and excellent separation performance. Compared with traditional distillation operations, the Murphree efficiency of cyclic distillation technology can be increased to 140%—300%, and energy consumption can be reduced by 20%—30%. This article provided a brief overview of the research of background, working principle, industrial applications, and two special trays (Maleta tray and COPS tray) of cyclic distillation technology. The paper summarized the control methods and tower internals of cyclic distillation columns and proposed the prospective development of cyclic distillation technology.

Key words: cyclic distillation, process intensification, separate phase movement (SPM), distillation

中图分类号:

TQ053.5

杨晨阳, 朱怀工, 蔡旺锋, 张敏卿, 王燕, 张英, 陈建兵. 循环精馏技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1109-1117.

YANG Chenyang, ZHU Huaigong, CAI Wangfeng, ZHANG Minqing, WANG Yan, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Jianbing. Research progress of cyclic distillation technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(3): 1109-1117.

图/表 8

图1 循环精馏的工作原理（从塔板底部到顶部的颜色变化表示塔板上的液相浓度变化）

图2 Maleta塔板上的单独相运动

图3 装配有Maleta塔板的循环精馏塔和Maleta塔板的横截面

图4 Maleta塔板的截面结构1—塔板上部；2—接触元件；3—导流带；4—圆柱形壳体；5—与塔板上部平行的塔板下部；6—阀门顶板；7—阀门底板；8—阀门定距杆；9—环形下降限制器；10—底部开口；11—垂直延伸窗口；12—节流孔；13—盖衬套；14—旋转鼓泡装置

图5 COPS塔板的工作状态

图6 三塔板精馏塔的依次塔板排液[当顶部塔板为空时，液体被送入顶部塔板，下一周期开始时启动新的依次塔板排液，期间精馏塔状态为(e)]

图7 装配有Maleta塔板的循环精馏塔的俯视图和可视化图

图8 用于制冷剂分离的循环精馏塔工艺流程

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