微气泡发生器的研究与应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1171

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微气泡具有体积小、稳定性高、停留时间长、比表面积大和具有较强自增压效应等优点，可以显著增加气液两相的接触面积和接触时间，强化气液两相的传质速率。目前，多种基于不同原理的微气泡发生器均可以有效产生微气泡，而不同领域利用微气泡的侧重点有所不同，因此其应用的微气泡发生技术也有所区别。本文综述了微气泡发生器在水处理过程、生物和医学领域、矿物浮选过程以及化工过程中的应用，重点阐述了各工业过程中常用的微气泡发生器类型和微气泡发生器的发泡原理，简述了各类微气泡发生器的气泡生成效果，指出了微气泡发生器的结构和操作条件对微气泡发生性能的影响，总结了各类微气泡发生器的使用条件。当下，依靠单一原理的微气泡发生技术仍具有一定的局限性，而耦合式微气泡发生器结合多种微气泡生成原理的优势，可以产生尺寸更小、分布更均匀的微气泡，因此耦合式微气泡发生器的研发对未来微气泡技术的应用具有重要意义。本文最后对微气泡发生器的应用前景、研发方向等进行了总结和展望。

关键词: 微气泡, 气液两相, 过程强化, 微气泡发生器, 微气泡应用, 耦合式微气泡发生器

Abstract:

Microbubbles have advantages including small size, high stability, long residence time in the fluid, large specific surface area, and high self-pressurization effect, etc. Microbubbles can greatly improve the contact area and contact time for gas-liquid system, which can intensify the interphase mass transfer between gas and liquid. Many different types of generators can produce microbubbles. The specific type of the generator is largely dependent on its application fields. This work reviewed the application of microbubble generator in water treatment, biological and medical field, mineral flotation, and chemical process. This review mainly focused on the type of generator and its working mechanisms in generating microbubbles. The bubble-generating characteristic of each type of microbubble generator was described. The influence of the structure and operating condition on the generator performance was reviewed. The suitable application condition of each type of microbubble generator was summarized. It was concluded that the microbubble generation technologies based on single mechanism would often have limitations. In contrast, the coupled microbubble generator, combining the advantages of multiple generation mechanisms, can generate smaller and more uniform microbubbles. Therefore, the development of coupled microbubble generator is of great significance for the future application. Finally, the possible application prospect and research direction of microbubble generator were summarized and previewed.

Key words: microbubble, gas-liquid two-phase, process intensification, microbubble generator, microbubble application, coupled microbubble generator

中图分类号:

TQ051.7

翟霖晓, 崔怡洲, 李成祥, 石孝刚, 高金森, 蓝兴英. 微气泡发生器的研究与应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 111-123.

ZHAI Linxiao, CUI Yizhou, LI Chengxiang, SHI Xiaogang, GAO Jinsen, LAN Xingying. Research and application process of microbubble generator[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 111-123.

图/表 16

表1 各领域常用微气泡发生器类型及其对应的气泡尺寸和气含率范围

主要应用领域	微气泡发生器类型	气泡尺寸/μm	气含率/%
水处理过程	溶气-释气式^[21-22]	0~50	—
	微孔曝气式^[23]	10~50	0~30
	电解式^[24]	约100	—
耦合生物反应器	搅拌式^[25]	20~1000	—
	喷射器阵列式^[15]	230~600	35~55
矿物浮选过程	射流式^[26-27]	—	0~30
	微孔曝气式^[28]	0~1000	0~30
化工过程	文丘里管式^{[12, 29]}	50~800	0~1
	超声/声压式^[30]	—	—
	微孔曝气式^[31]	30~100	约15

图1 溶气-释气式微气泡发生器[7]

图2 基于液相剪切流动的陶瓷膜式微气泡发生器

图3 切向旋流式微气泡发生器[48]

图4 添加内构件型旋流式微气泡发生器[32]

图5 搅拌式微气泡发生器[25]

图6 流体振荡器结构[58]

图7 喷射器阵列式[60]

图8 微流控技术[63]

图9 射流式微气泡发生器[69]

图10 文丘里管式微气泡发生器[83]

图11 Sadatomi式微气泡发生器[88]

图12 孔口型微气泡发生器[89]

表2 传质强化效果相关研究总结

参考文献	气液比	气泡平均尺寸 /µm	气含率 /%	比表面积 /m^-1	k_La/s^-1
Muroyama等^[94]	0.01~0.07	32~50	0.6~0.8	1000	0.028
Muroyama等^[95]	0.01~0.07	30~60	1~1.75	1500~2500	0.015
Ansari等^[96]	0.021	250	10	—	0.83
Turney等^[15]	0.026~0.26	230~600	35~55	5500~9200	0.8

图13 旋流-文丘里管式微气泡发生器[99]

图14 轴向旋流式微气泡发生器[100]1—进水管；2—环形气体注入机构；3—连接法兰盘；4—新型气泡破碎机构

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