微通道内气液流动与传质特性的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1167

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微化工过程具有高效、安全、节能、体积小和高传热传质率等方面的固有优势，其在气液非均相传质与反应强化领域表现出巨大的发展潜力。本文系统论述了微通道内气液两相流动与传质特性的研究现状，总结了微通道内气液两相流型及分布情况，从操作条件和微通道设计等方面分析了影响两相流型的关键因素，并讨论了多种因素对传质与过程强化的影响方式，对目前研究的微通道内气液两相的传质模型进行了总结分类。以气液两相在主要流动通道的流动形态为基准，分类介绍了多种气液两相微反应器的最新研究进展。文中指出进一步探究微化工过程强化方式以及开发新型气液微通道反应器仍是未来微化工研究的重点发展方向。

关键词: 微化工技术, 气液流动, 传质与反应, 过程强化

Abstract:

Microchemical processes have inherent advantages in efficiency, safety, energy conservation, small size, and high heat and mass transfer rates, and exhibit enormous development potential in the field of gas-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer and reaction enhancement. This article systematically discussed the current research status of gas-liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer characteristics in microchannels, summarized the gas-liquid two-phase flow shape and distribution in microchannels, analyzed the key factors affecting the two-phase flow shape from the aspects of operating conditions and microchannel design, discussed how multiple factors affect mass transfer and process enhancement, and summarized and classified the currently studied gas-liquid two-phase mass transfer models in microchannels. Based on the flow patterns of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the main flow channels, the latest research progress of various gas-liquid two-phase microreactors was classified and introduced. The article points out that further exploration of strengthening methods for microchemical processes and the development of new gas-liquid microchannel reactors are still the key development directions for future microchemical research.

Key words: microchemical technology, gas-liquid flow, mass transfer and reaction, process intensification

中图分类号:

TQ021

袁谅, 从海峰, 李鑫钢. 微通道内气液流动与传质特性的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 34-48.

YUAN Liang, CONG Haifeng, LI Xingang. Research progress on gas-liquid flow and mass transfer characteristics in microchannels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 34-48.

图/表 18

图1 微通道内常见的气液两相流流型（据Triplett等[15]）

图2 微通道内丰富的气液两相流流型

图3 以气速和液速为标准的气液流型分布（据Triplett等[15]）

图4 以表面张力-惯性力为标准的气液两相流型分布

图5 相近直径下圆形微通道与半三角形微通道的气液两相流型分布（据Triplett等[15]）

图6 等边三角形与半三角形微通道内气液两相分散形貌对比

图7 设置挡板与无挡板在微通道内的气液两相流型对比（据Yin等[32]）

图8 微通道入口夹角对气液两相流型的影响（据Lim等[34]）

图9 微通道注气器直径对气泡大小的影响（据Chen等[24]）

图10 流体物性对气液两相流型的影响

图11 不同的气液传质模型（据Yao等[52]）

图12 毛细管中弹状气泡上升示意图（据Van Baten等[56]）

表1 基于传质机理的传质模型对比

模型	主要假设	出处	量纲为1数数量级
模型	主要假设	出处	Pe	Ca
单元传质模型	气相和液相在每个单元中都分别混合得很好从气相到液相的传质只发生在独立单元中不同单元之间不会发生混合	Yao等^[53]	10⁴~10⁵	10^-3
三层传质模型	在段塞中以对流传质为主	Abiev^[54]	10⁵	10^-2
	膜层中以扩散为主	Svetlov等^[55]	10⁵	10^-2
液膜-段塞交换模型	薄膜中完美混合段塞中完美混合	Butler等^[57]	10⁵	10^-2
气泡列流模型	气体浓度沿流线均匀	Eskin等^[58]	10⁴~10⁵	10^-2
	帽层使用平均传质系数	Nirmal等^[59]	10⁴~10⁵	10^-2

图13 物理吸收和化学吸收传质系数测量值与预测值的比较（据Yue等[60]）

图14 几种典型的并流气液两相微通道结构示意图

图15 典型的挡板型微通道

图16 几种典型的逆流气液两相微通道结构示意图

图17 螺旋液桥流动形式示意图

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