基于超临界CO2萃取再生废润滑油

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0038

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 5399-5405.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0038

基于超临界CO₂萃取再生废润滑油

杨鑫¹(), 许红²(), 胡卫勋³, 刘泓佐⁴, 龙泉芝⁵, 朱立业⁶

^1.陆军勤务学院油料系，重庆 401311
^2.陆军勤务学院国家救灾应急装备工程技术研究中心，重庆 401311
^3.陆军勤务学院教学考评中心，重庆 401311
^4.32654部队，山东肥城 271600
^5.32606部队，四川峨眉山 614200
^6.中国人民解放军成都质量监督站，四川成都 610000

收稿日期:2023-01-09 修回日期:2023-04-12 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-11
通讯作者: 许红
作者简介:杨鑫（1986—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为军事能源技术保障。E-mail：beyondyzs@126.com。
基金资助:
重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0453)

Regeneration of waste lubricant oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

YANG Xin¹(), XU Hong²(), HU Weixun³, LIU Hongzuo⁴, LONG Quanzhi⁵, ZHU Liye⁶

^1.Department of Oil, Army Logistics Academy of PLA, Chongqing 401311, China
^2.National Disaster Emergency Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Army Logistics Academy of PLA, Chongqing 401311, China
^3.Education Evaluation Center, Army Logistics Academy of PLA, Chongqing 401311, China
^4.Unit 32654 of PLA, Feicheng 271600, Shandong, China
^5.Unit 32606 of PLA, E’meishan 614200, Sichuan, China
^6.Chengdu Quality Supervision station of PLA, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-01-09 Revised:2023-04-12 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-11
Contact: XU Hong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

废润滑油具有污染性和资源性的双重特征，其中75%~90%的未变质基础油仍是可以重新利用的有效组分，通过再生技术能够实现废油的无害化、资源化和可持续化利用。本文基于超临界二氧化碳（超临界CO₂）萃取再生废润滑油，考察了温度为308.2~348.2K、压力为8.0~16.0MPa的条件下超临界CO₂萃取再生废润滑油的产率与质量。实验得出：密度是影响再生油产率的关键因素，恒温条件下超临界CO₂的密度随着压力升高而增大，再生油产率显著增加；助溶剂正己烷能够促进超临界CO₂的萃取能力，提高再生油产率；再生油的黏温特性、氧化安定性、低温流动性等显著改善，金属元素含量显著降低，各项指标与HVI-150基础油基本相当，可作为合格的润滑油基础油组分。

关键词: 废润滑油, 再生, 超临界二氧化碳, 萃取, 基础油

Abstract:

Waste lubricating oil is a kind of liquid waste produced in industrial production and transportation, which possesses both pollution and resource characteristics. In this research, waste lubricating oil was regenerated using the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction technology, and the yield of recovered oil was investigated under conditions of pressure ranging from 8.0MPa to 16.0MPa and temperature ranging from 308.2K to 348.2K. It was found that density was a key variable which affected the yield of recovered oil. Increasing the pressure while maintaining a constant temperature led to an increase in SC-CO₂ density, resulting in a higher extraction yield. Additionally, the use of n-hexane as a co-solvent could effectively enhance the extraction ability of SC-CO₂, resulting in increase of recovered oil yield. Moreover, the physicochemical properties and metal elemental content of the recovered oil were measured. The viscosity-temperature performance, oxidation stability, and low temperature fluidity were notably improved, and the metal element content was sharply decreased. The properties of the recovered oil were almost similar to those of HVI-150 virgin oil, and therefore it was suitable for use as a base oil in the formulation of new lubricants.

Key words: waste lubricating oil, regeneration, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), extraction, lubricant base oil

中图分类号:

TE992.4

杨鑫, 许红, 胡卫勋, 刘泓佐, 龙泉芝, 朱立业. 基于超临界CO₂萃取再生废润滑油[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5399-5405.

YANG Xin, XU Hong, HU Weixun, LIU Hongzuo, LONG Quanzhi, ZHU Liye. Regeneration of waste lubricant oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5399-5405.

图/表 8

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指标	废润滑油	HVI 150 基础油	测定方法
外观	棕黑色，黏稠	透明	目测
色度/号	>20	1	GB/T 6540
密度(20℃)/kg·m^-3	852		GB/T 1880
40℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	112.73	28~34	GB/T 265
100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	10.96		GB/T 265
黏度指数	76.77	≥100	GB/T 1995
水分(质量分数)/%	1.94	痕量	GB/T 8929
酸值(KOH)/mg·g^-1	0.52	≤0.02	GB/T 264
倾点/℃	-8	≤-9	GB/T 3535
闪点(开口)/℃	175	≥200	GB/T 3536
硫酸盐灰分(质量分数)/%	0.79		GB/T 2433
金属元素含量/mg·kg^-1
Ca	1112	0	SH/T 0228
Mg	537	0	SH/T 0228
Zn	1086	0	SH/T 0228
Fe	148	0	SH/T 0228

指标	废润滑油	HVI 150 基础油	测定方法
外观	棕黑色，黏稠	透明	目测
色度/号	>20	1	GB/T 6540
密度(20℃)/kg·m^-3	852		GB/T 1880
40℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	112.73	28~34	GB/T 265
100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	10.96		GB/T 265
黏度指数	76.77	≥100	GB/T 1995
水分(质量分数)/%	1.94	痕量	GB/T 8929
酸值(KOH)/mg·g^-1	0.52	≤0.02	GB/T 264
倾点/℃	-8	≤-9	GB/T 3535
闪点(开口)/℃	175	≥200	GB/T 3536
硫酸盐灰分(质量分数)/%	0.79		GB/T 2433
金属元素含量/mg·kg^-1
Ca	1112	0	SH/T 0228
Mg	537	0	SH/T 0228
Zn	1086	0	SH/T 0228
Fe	148	0	SH/T 0228

指标	超临界CO₂萃取再生油	HVI 150
外观	透明、深黄色	透明
色度/号	8	<1.5
密度(20℃)/kg·m^-3	866
40℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	32.08	28~32
100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	5.86
黏度指数	119	≥100
水分(质量分数)/%	痕量	痕量
酸值(KOH)/mg·g^-1	0.03	0.02
倾点/℃	-13	≤-9
闪点(开口)/℃	202	≥200
硫酸盐灰分(质量分数)/%	0.008

指标	超临界CO₂萃取再生油	HVI 150
外观	透明、深黄色	透明
色度/号	8	<1.5
密度(20℃)/kg·m^-3	866
40℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	32.08	28~32
100℃运动黏度/mm²·s^-1	5.86
黏度指数	119	≥100
水分(质量分数)/%	痕量	痕量
酸值(KOH)/mg·g^-1	0.03	0.02
倾点/℃	-13	≤-9
闪点(开口)/℃	202	≥200
硫酸盐灰分(质量分数)/%	0.008

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基于超临界CO₂萃取再生废润滑油

Regeneration of waste lubricant oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

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