变孔隙毛细芯平板热管性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0444

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

毛细芯是热管的核心部件，单一均匀孔隙毛细芯往往难以同时兼顾高性能热管对于毛细抽吸力和渗透率两方面的需求，变孔隙毛细芯则可以根据需要分别设置变化的内部孔隙分布，同时满足所需要的毛细抽吸力和渗透率。本文以纤维毡为主要材料制备不同孔隙分布的变孔隙毛细芯，搭建变孔隙毛细芯平板热管实验台，通过实验研究毛细芯的孔隙分布等参数对平板热管的启动性能和传热性能的影响，研究结果表明：含有变孔隙复合毛细芯的平板热管比含均匀孔隙毛细芯的平板热管性能更好，启动所需的时间更短，热管的传热性能也更好。其他条件相同，倾斜角度为45°时，回流方向孔径递减毛细芯平板热管能承受的加热功率比均匀毛细芯平板热管高约2W，比重力热管高3～4W。

关键词: 毛细芯, 变孔隙, 抽吸性能, 平板热管, 传热, 蒸发, 传质

Abstract:

The capillary wick is a core component of the heat pipe. A single uniform pore capillary wick is often difficult to take into account the needs of high-performance heat pipe for capillary pumping and permeability at the same time. Variable pore capillary wick can set the required capillary pumping and permeability respectively according to the needs. In this paper, fiber felt was used as the main material to prepare variable pore capillary wicks with different pore distribution, and built a flat plate heat pipe test-bed with variable pore capillary wick. Through experiments, the effects of pore distribution and other parameters of capillary wick on the starting performance and heat transfer performance of heat pipe were studied. The results showed that the heat pipe with variable pore composite capillary wick had shorter startup time and better heat transfer performance than that with uniform pore capillary wick. When other conditions were the same and the inclination angle was 45°, the heating power of the flat plate heat pipe with reduced pore diameter capillary wick in the reflux direction was about 2W higher than that of the flat plate heat pipe with uniform capillary wick and 3—4W higher than that of the gravity heat pipe.

Key words: capillary wick, variable pore, pumping performance, flat heat pipe, heat transfer, evaporation, mass transfer

中图分类号:

TK172.4

陆宁香, 李金旺, 杨茂飞. 变孔隙毛细芯平板热管性能[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12): 6235-6244.

LU Ningxiang, LI Jinwang, YANG Maofei. Performance of flat plate heat pipes with variable pore capillary wicks[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(12): 6235-6244.

图/表 18

图1 平板热管的结构

图2 平板热管实物

表1 毛细芯参数对照

编号	n（段数）	每段长度/mm	平均孔隙率/%	孔径分布
2	1	100	65.41	孔径不变
3	2	50	65.73	孔径由小变大，共两段
4	2	50	66.05	孔径由大变小，共两段

图3 2号、3号、4号热管毛细芯孔隙结构分布

图4 平板热管的性能测试系统原理

图5 平板热管的性能测试系统实物

图6 热电偶测点分布

图7 2号平板热管各测点在不同功率下的温度-时间图

图8 2号平板热管在变功率下稳定后的冷、热端温差

图9 不同毛细结构平板热管的启动性能对比

图10 不同毛细芯的平板热管在变功率情况下的各测点温度轴向分布

图11 不同毛细芯的平板热管在不同加热功率下的冷、热端温差

图12 4号平板热管在不同倾斜角度下的温度轴向分布

图13 不同倾斜角度下不同功率时4号平板热管冷、热端温差

图14 不同倾角和变功率下的4号平板热管热阻

图15 不同功率下冷凝段水冷冷却时3号平板热管温度轴向变化

图16 不同冷却方式不同功率下的3号平板热管冷、热端温差

表2 平板热管性能测试实验各类误差

种类	误差来源	误差值
测量设备	直流电源（UTP1305）	电压精度±0.01V
		电流精度±0.01A
	K型热电偶	精度±0.1℃
	多通道温度采集（DM6210）	精度±0.2%
	曲线功率计（FZT8）	电压精度±0.01V
		电流精度±0.01A
		功率精度±0.1W
	注射器	精度±0.1mL
环境误差	热损失	系统向环境散热所导致的热损失
加工误差	机械加工过程中导致的误差	毛细芯及热管尺寸精度 ±1%
实验者误差	操作误差等	重复实验、误差较小

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