基于Aspen Plus的煤-炼化污泥高温气化特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高温气化-熔融技术是炼化污泥无害化处置和资源化利用的关键技术之一。炼化污泥-煤高温共气化可将危废中的重金属、飞灰熔融，二英高温热阻断，同时以合成气为产品，可实现处置过程趋零排放和产品高值化利用。本文基于Aspen Plus软件，建立了煤-炼化污泥高温气化过程的平衡模型，研究了氧耗比、掺混比对气化特性的影响以及两者共气化的协同作用。结果表明：随着氧耗比增加，合成气中CO和H₂先增加后减小；随着掺混比的增加（10%~50%），气化所需的最佳氧耗比由0.72降至0.43，合成气热值由11.1MJ/m³降至10.4MJ/m³。炼化污泥与煤共气化，可更高效地利用污泥中的水分且具有一定的节氧效果；有效合成气（CO和H₂）相较单独气化而言增加了1.0%~7.1%。此外，为满足高温熔融（1350℃）要求，掺混比应不高于30%。

关键词: 炼化污泥, 气化熔融, 掺混比, 合成气, Aspen Plus

Abstract:

High temperature gasification-melting technology is one of the key technologies for harmless disposal and resource utilization of petrochemical sludge. The high temperature co-gasification of the petrochemical sludge-coal can melt the heavy metals and fly ash in the hazardous wastes and block the dioxins, and the syngas is taken as the product. The disposal process can realize zero emission and high value utilization of products. In this paper, an equilibrium model of coal-petrochemical sludge gasification process at high temperature was established based on Aspen Plus software, and the effects of oxygen consumption ratio and blend ratio on gasification characteristics as well as the synergetic effect of co-gasification were studied. The results show that CO and H₂ in syngas increase first and then decrease with the increase of oxygen consumption ratio. With the increase of blend ratio (10%—50%), the optimal oxygen consumption ratio required for gasification decreases from 0.72 to 0.43, and the calorific value of syngas decreases from 11.1MJ /m³ to 10.4MJ /m³. The co-gasification of the sludge and coal can make more efficient use of the water in the sludge and has a certain efficiency of oxygen saving. The effective syngas (CO and H₂) increases by 1.0%—7.1% compared with gasification alone. In addition, in order to meet the requirements of high temperature melting (1350℃), the blend ratio should not be higher than 30%.

Key words: petrochemical sludge, gasification-melting, blend ratio, syngas, Aspen Plus

中图分类号:

陈延贵, 张纹齐, 王银峰, 廖传华, 朱跃钊. 基于Aspen Plus的煤-炼化污泥高温气化特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5786-5793.

CHEN Yangui, ZHANG Wenqi, WANG Yinfeng, LIAO Chuanhua, ZHU Yuezhao. Analysis of gasification characteristics of coal-petrochemical sludge at high temperature based on Aspen Plus[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5786-5793.

图/表 14

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类型	代表炉型	处理对象	气化温度	排渣特点	产物利用
流化床^［12-15］	LT-CFB	秸秆、生活污泥	750~1000℃	固态排渣/融聚态	燃气发电/肥料灰
流化床^［12-15］	Güssing fluidized bed	生物质	750~1000℃	固态排渣/融聚态	Bio-SNG
气流床^［15-17］	GE	烟煤、劣质煤	1300~1500℃	气化熔融	煤制合成氨/甲醇
	Shell	各类煤质及生物质			淬火气/燃气发电
	Siemens	多种煤质、固体废弃物			合成氨/尿素/甲醇等
	Conoco Phillips E-Gas	各类煤质			煤气/发电
	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries	高湿低阶煤			煤气/发电
	Prenflo	褐煤、无烟煤、炼油厂废渣			燃气发电
等离子体^［18］	Westinghouse	生活垃圾	可达5500℃	气化熔融	发电/乙醇等产品
	Bellwether	生活垃圾			燃气发电/炉渣建材
	Plasco Energy	生活垃圾、生物质			燃气发电
两段式^{［19， 20］}	Carbon-V气化工艺	生物质	400~500℃； >1400℃	气化熔融	可制取液体燃料
两段式^{［19， 20］}	分段式气化熔融工艺（Ebara Co.）	生活垃圾	550~630℃； 1300~1400℃	气化熔融	余热利用/炉渣建材

类型	代表炉型	处理对象	气化温度	排渣特点	产物利用
流化床^［12-15］	LT-CFB	秸秆、生活污泥	750~1000℃	固态排渣/融聚态	燃气发电/肥料灰
流化床^［12-15］	Güssing fluidized bed	生物质	750~1000℃	固态排渣/融聚态	Bio-SNG
气流床^［15-17］	GE	烟煤、劣质煤	1300~1500℃	气化熔融	煤制合成氨/甲醇
	Shell	各类煤质及生物质			淬火气/燃气发电
	Siemens	多种煤质、固体废弃物			合成氨/尿素/甲醇等
	Conoco Phillips E-Gas	各类煤质			煤气/发电
	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries	高湿低阶煤			煤气/发电
	Prenflo	褐煤、无烟煤、炼油厂废渣			燃气发电
等离子体^［18］	Westinghouse	生活垃圾	可达5500℃	气化熔融	发电/乙醇等产品
	Bellwether	生活垃圾			燃气发电/炉渣建材
	Plasco Energy	生活垃圾、生物质			燃气发电
两段式^{［19， 20］}	Carbon-V气化工艺	生物质	400~500℃； >1400℃	气化熔融	可制取液体燃料
两段式^{［19， 20］}	分段式气化熔融工艺（Ebara Co.）	生活垃圾	550~630℃； 1300~1400℃	气化熔融	余热利用/炉渣建材

模块名称	类型	模块作用
S-R	RStoic化学计量反应器	污泥中非常规组分的转化
C-R	Rstoic化学计量反应器	煤中非常规组分的转化
MEM	RGibbs平衡反应器	稳态多相气化反应过程模拟
GSS	Cyclone旋风分离器	合成气与灰分气固两相分离

模块名称	类型	模块作用
S-R	RStoic化学计量反应器	污泥中非常规组分的转化
C-R	Rstoic化学计量反应器	煤中非常规组分的转化
MEM	RGibbs平衡反应器	稳态多相气化反应过程模拟
GSS	Cyclone旋风分离器	合成气与灰分气固两相分离

气体	流量/kg·s^-1	温度/℃
氧气	14.7	145
水蒸气	1.8	300
输送气	1.94	72
煤粉气	18.52	72