基于多孔支撑体的形状稳定复合相变储能材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0855

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固-液相变材料（PCMs）是热能储存（TES）技术发展的关键因素，然而一些固有的问题如泄漏和热导率低等严重制约了相变材料的性能。因此，选择合适的方法构建形状稳定的复合相变材料（FSCPCMs），并有效地提高其热导率是实现相变材料实用化的重要前提。多孔载体封装相变材料为构建具有高储能密度和优异热传输性能的定形复合相变材料提供了一条有效的途径。本文对不同FSCPCMs的制备、结构热学性能、应用等方面进行了综述，详细总结和讨论了孔径和几何形状、表面改性、作用力、组成等因素对FSCPCMs相变行为的影响。重点介绍了具有高热导率、高负载率和高潜热的新型多孔复合相变材料的设计和应用。最后，基于理论、数值和实验方法，展望了FSCPCMs在约束结构中的相变和多尺度传热方面未来的研究方向及其在能源转换方面的商业化应用。

关键词: 相变, 多孔介质, 焓, 复合材料

Abstract:

Solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) is essential in the development of thermal energy storage (TES) technology. However,some inherent problems,such as leakage and low thermal conductivity, have seriously weakened the performance of phase change materials. Therefore,choosing an appropriate method to construct form-stable composite phase change material (FSCPCMs) and to effectively improve the thermal conductivity is an important prerequisite for the practical application of phase change materials. Porous carrier encapsulation could provide an effective way to construct shaped composite phase change materials with high energy storage density and excellent heat transfer properties. In this paper,the preparation,structural thermal properties and applications of different FSCPCMs are reviewed,and the effects of pore size and geometry, surface modification, force and composition on the phase transition behavior of FSCPCMs are summarized and discussed in detail. This paper focuses on the design and application of new porous composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity, high load rate and high latent heat. Finally, based on theoretical, numerical and experimental results, the future research directions of FSCPCMs in phase transition and multi-scale heat transfer in constrained structures and their commercial applications in energy conversion are prospected.

Key words: phase transformation, porous media, enthalpy, composite materials

中图分类号:

TK02

王成君, 苏琼, 段志英, 王爱军, 王志超. 基于多孔支撑体的形状稳定复合相变储能材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1483-1494.

WANG Chengjun, SU Qiong, DUAN Zhiying, WANG Aijun, WANG Zhichao. Research progress of shape-stable composite phase change energy storage materials based on porous supports[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1483-1494.

图/表 9

图１物理相变机理[11]

图２化学相变机理[12]

图3 直接浸渍法原理[13]

图4 PCMs/碳海绵复合材料原理[17]

图5 真空辅助原位组装方法合成大面积PEG/GO复合纸[20]

图6 PEG/双渗透（3,6）连接MOF复合材料的合成[29]

图7 多孔三酰胺连接聚合物的制备[31]

图8 MF/RGO/PW复合相变材料制备过程[43]

图9 形状稳定的三维GHPC/硬脂酸复合材料的制备过程[51]

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