生物质碳材料在钾离子电池负极材料中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钾离子电池因其能量密度高、钾储量丰富、成本低等优势而成为当前储能器件领域一个新的研究热点。钾离子可以在商品化石墨负极材料中嵌入与脱出，这对于钾离子电池未来的产业化发展具有重要意义。但目前石墨负极存在体积膨胀率较大、容量衰减快、倍率性能低等问题。近年来，为寻找适宜嵌钾的材料与抑制膨胀的方法，越来越多的电极材料体系被开发出来。其中生物质碳材料因制备工艺简单、成本低廉和环保等优点被广泛研究。本文总结了钾离子电池生物质碳材料的最新研究进展；分析了存在于碳基材料的两种储钾机制及各自对电化学性能的影响，并对一些表现出优异电化学性能的生物质碳材料的制备方法及电化学性能做出扼要综述；在此基础上，对钾离子电池的下一步研究进行展望与总结。

关键词: 钾离子电池, 负极材料, 生物质碳材料

Abstract:

Potassium ion batteries have become a new research hotspot in the field of energy storage devices due to their advantages of high energy density, rich potassium reserves, and low cost. Potassium ions can be intercalated and deintercalated in commercially available graphite anodematerials, which is of great significance for the future industrial development of potassium ion batteries. However, at present, graphite anodes have problems of large volume expansion rate, rapid capacity decay, low rate performance and so on. In recent years, to explore materials suitable for intercalating potassium and methods for inhibiting expansion, more and more electrodematerial systems have been developed. Among them, the biomass carbonmaterial has been widely studied because of its simple preparation, low cost, safety and environmentally friendly feature. This article summarizes the latest research progress of biomass carbonmaterials for potassium ion batteries and analyzes two kinds of potassium storage mechanisms present in carbon-based materials and their respective effects on electrochemical performance. The preparation method and electrochemical performance of some biomass carbonmaterials that exhibit excellent electrochemical performance are briefly summarized. Finally, the further study of the potassium ion battery has been outlined.

Key words: potassium ion battery, anodematerial, biomass carbonmaterial

中图分类号:

TM912.9

杨蒙蒙, 姚卫棠. 生物质碳材料在钾离子电池负极材料中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1495-1505.

YANG Mengmeng, YAO Weitang. Application of biomass carbonmaterial in anodematerial of potassium ion battery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1495-1505.

图/表 9

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原材料	制备方法	电流密度/mA·g^-1	循环次数	比容量/mA·h·g^-1	参考文献
脱水棉	酸处理，高温碳化	200	150	240	[57]
橡木	两步碳化	20	—	223	[58]
灵芝孢子粉	高温碳化	50	50	407	[59]
土豆	两步碳化	100	100	247.8	[60]
丝瓜	碱处理，高温碳化	100	200	150	[61]
细菌纤维素	冷冻干燥，高温碳化	1000	2000	158	[62]
甲壳素	高温碳化	55.8	100	215.2	[64]
海产品废物	高温碳化	504	4000	180	[65]
核桃隔膜	尿素氮掺杂，高温碳化	1000	1000	119.9	[66]
竹子	硫掺杂，高温碳化	2000	300	203.8	[67]

原材料	制备方法	电流密度/mA·g^-1	循环次数	比容量/mA·h·g^-1	参考文献
脱水棉	酸处理，高温碳化	200	150	240	[57]
橡木	两步碳化	20	—	223	[58]
灵芝孢子粉	高温碳化	50	50	407	[59]
土豆	两步碳化	100	100	247.8	[60]
丝瓜	碱处理，高温碳化	100	200	150	[61]
细菌纤维素	冷冻干燥，高温碳化	1000	2000	158	[62]
甲壳素	高温碳化	55.8	100	215.2	[64]
海产品废物	高温碳化	504	4000	180	[65]
核桃隔膜	尿素氮掺杂，高温碳化	1000	1000	119.9	[66]
竹子	硫掺杂，高温碳化	2000	300	203.8	[67]

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