硬脂醇/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及储热性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0750

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变储热技术是解决热量在时空上分配不平衡问题的有效手段之一，研制高性能的复合相变材料（phase change material, PCM）成为当前研究者关注的重点。硬脂醇（stearyl alcohol, SAL）等有机PCM目前主要存在热导率偏低以及循环稳定性较差等问题而限制了实际应用。以SAL作为PCM，膨胀石墨（expanded graphite, EG）为高导热多孔基质，采用吸附定形工艺制备了16种SAL/EG复合PCMs[EG含量为7%、14%、21%、28%（质量）；样品密度为700kg/m³、800kg/m³、900kg/m³、1000kg/m³]。对复合PCMs样品的微观结构、储热能力、导热性能、循环稳定性及充放热性能进行研究与分析。结果表明：SAL完全填充于EG的多孔网络。当样品密度为900kg/m³，EG质量分数为28%的水平热导率最高，其值为28.58W/(m ? K)，相比于纯SAL[0.38W/(m ? K)]提高了74倍，该值大约是相对应垂直热导率[5.99W/(m ? K)]的4.8倍。另外在构建的充放热性能试验台上研究了样品中心位置的储/放热性能，结果显示样品密度为900kg/m³，EG质量分数为28%的样品充放热速率最大，固-液潜热吸热和放热阶段所经历的时间分别为53min和20min。与此同时验证了样品的导热性能和熔化-凝固特性，说明SAL/EG复合PCMs具有稳定可靠的储/放热性能。

关键词: 硬脂醇, 膨胀石墨, 相变材料, 导热性能, 储热能力

Abstract:

The technology of phase change heat storage is one of the effective means to solve the heat imbalance in time and space. The development of high-performance composite phase change material (PCM) has become the focus of current researchers. At present, the low thermal conductivity and poor cyclic stability of stearyl alcohol(SAL) and other organic PCM limit their practical application. Herein, SAL was used as PCM and expanded graphite(EG) as porous matrix of high thermal conductivity. Sixteen kinds of SAL/EG composite PCMs (EG content was 7%, 14%, 21%, 28%(mass), sample density was 700kg/m³, 800kg/m³, 900kg/m³, 1000kg/m³) were prepared by adsorption form-stable process. The microstructure, thermal storage capacity, thermal conductivity, cycle stability and heat storage/release properties of the composite PCMs were studied and analyzed. The results show that SAL is completely filled in the porous network of EG. The horizontal thermal conductivity of the sample with sample density of 900kg/m³ and EG content of 28%(mass) is the highest, with a value as high as 28.58W/(m ? K), which is 74 times higher than pure SAL[0.38W/(m ? K)], which is about 4.8 times of the corresponding vertical thermal conductivity[5.99W/(m?K)]. In addition, the heat storage/release performance at the center of the sample was studied on the heat storage experiment system. The results show that the sample density is 900kg/m³ and the sample with the EG content of 28%(mass) has the maximum heat storage/release rate. The time of latent heat storage and release stages is 53minutes and 20minutes. At the same time, the thermal conductivity and melting-solidification characteristics of the samples are verified, which shows that SAL/EG composite PCMs has stable and reliable heat storage/release performance.

Key words: stearyl alcohol, expanded graphite, phase change material (PCM), thermal conductivity, heat storage capacity

中图分类号:

TB332

蒯子函, 闫霆, 吴韶飞, 周宇翔, 潘卫国. 硬脂醇/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及储热性能[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 301-310.

KUAI Zihan, YAN Ting, WU Shaofei, ZHOU Yuxiang, PAN Weiguo. Fabrication and heat storage properties of stearyl alcohol/expanded graphite composite phase change materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 301-310.

图/表 12

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预设密度 /kg ? m^-3	实际密度/kg · m^-3
预设密度 /kg ? m^-3	7% EG	14% EG	21% EG	28% EG
700	698.36(A1)	697.95(B1)	695.83(C1)	704.16(D1)
800	796.18(A2)	800.89(B2)	799.78(C2)	796.09(D2)
900	898.20(A3)	897.16(B3)	899.89(C3)	898.21(D3)
1000	998.09(A4)	999.53(B4)	1000.03(C4)	999.83(D4)

预设密度 /kg ? m^-3	实际密度/kg · m^-3
预设密度 /kg ? m^-3	7% EG	14% EG	21% EG	28% EG
700	698.36(A1)	697.95(B1)	695.83(C1)	704.16(D1)
800	796.18(A2)	800.89(B2)	799.78(C2)	796.09(D2)
900	898.20(A3)	897.16(B3)	899.89(C3)	898.21(D3)
1000	998.09(A4)	999.53(B4)	1000.03(C4)	999.83(D4)

PCM	多孔支撑材料	制备方法	热导率/W ? m^-1 ? K^-1	潜热值/J ? g^-1	参考文献
硬脂醇+棕榈三压酸	10%（质量分数）石墨纳米板	混合加热搅拌	1.687	~158	［30］
硬脂醇	28.6%（质量分数）高交联聚合物纳米碳球	真空熔融，搅拌吸附	—	134.1	［31］
硬脂醇	膨胀珍珠石	真空浸渍法	6.623	140.2	［32］
硬脂醇	25%（质量分数）多孔聚合物	浸渍法	—	169.2	［23］
硬脂醇	聚乙烯+膨胀石墨	熔融吸附搅拌	0.6698	约200	［32］
硬脂醇	2%（质量分数）石墨烯	熔融混合，自组装法	0.37	202.8	［33］
硬脂醇	28%（质量分数）膨胀石墨	吸附定形	28.58	181.48	本工作

PCM	多孔支撑材料	制备方法	热导率/W ? m^-1 ? K^-1	潜热值/J ? g^-1	参考文献
硬脂醇+棕榈三压酸	10%（质量分数）石墨纳米板	混合加热搅拌	1.687	~158	［30］
硬脂醇	28.6%（质量分数）高交联聚合物纳米碳球	真空熔融，搅拌吸附	—	134.1	［31］
硬脂醇	膨胀珍珠石	真空浸渍法	6.623	140.2	［32］
硬脂醇	25%（质量分数）多孔聚合物	浸渍法	—	169.2	［23］
硬脂醇	聚乙烯+膨胀石墨	熔融吸附搅拌	0.6698	约200	［32］
硬脂醇	2%（质量分数）石墨烯	熔融混合，自组装法	0.37	202.8	［33］
硬脂醇	28%（质量分数）膨胀石墨	吸附定形	28.58	181.48	本工作

样品	固态显热吸热时间/min	固-液潜热吸热时间/min	液态显热吸热时间/min	液态显热放热时间/min	固-液潜热放热时间/min	固态显热放热时间/min
ρ=900kg ? m^-3，7% EG	43.5	56.5	37	9.5	34.5	44
ρ=900kg ? m^-3 14% EG	38	56	31.5	8.5	32.5	41.5
ρ=900kg ? m^-3 21% EG	33.5	55.2	21.5	9.5	30	40.5
ρ=900kg ? m^-3，28% EG	32.5	53	14	8	20	20.5