常温下碳基活性材料催化氧化NO的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0685

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对常温、含高浓度O₂ 的NO污染气体排放控制，典型的选择性催化还原（SCR）技术已不再适用。以碳基活性材料为催化剂的NO常温催化氧化技术得到了广泛关注，该技术在常温和高浓度O₂条件下将NO氧化为NO₂，并以硝酸或硝酸盐形式加以回收利用，因此具有环保和经济双重效益，应用前景广阔。本文简要综述了碳基活性材料常温催化氧化NO的研究进展，阐述了NO催化氧化机理，介绍了碳基活性材料的表面物化特性和反应条件（O₂浓度、NO浓度、GHSV、反应温度、水蒸气和催化剂粒径等）对催化氧化NO的影响，以及活性炭、活性炭纤维、碳纳米纤维、炭干凝胶、金属负载碳基活性材料、炭化污泥等不同碳基活性材料的催化特性，总结并展望了未来碳基活性材料低温催化氧化NO的发展方向。

关键词: 一氧化氮, 二氧化氮, 碳基活性材料, 催化氧化

Abstract:

For controlling the emission of NO with ambient temperature and high O₂ content, the typical selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is not suitable anymore. The catalytic oxidation of NO over carbon-based active materials at ambient temperature has gained much attention. Through this technology, NO can be oxidized to NO₂ at ambient temperature and high O₂ content, and recycled in the form of nitric acid or nitrate. Due to the great environmental and economic benefits, this technology has a broad application prospect. In this paper, research progress of carbon-based active materials for catalytic oxidation of NO at room temperature. The mechanism of NO catalytic oxidation wasdescribed. The effects of surface physicochemical characteristics and reaction conditions of carbon-based materials (O₂ concentration, NO concentration, GHSV, reaction temperature, water vapor and catalyst particle size, etc.) on the catalytic oxidation of NO, as well as the catalytic characteristics of different carbon-based materials such as activated carbon, activated carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon xerogels, metal-supported carbon based active materials, and carbonized sludge were introduced. The future trend for catalytic oxidation of NO at low temperature was summarized and prospected.

Key words: nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon-based active materials, catalytic oxidation

中图分类号:

X511

周易, 邓文义, 苏亚欣. 常温下碳基活性材料催化氧化NO的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 859-869.

Yi ZHOU, Wenyi DENG, Yaxin SU. Research progress in catalytic oxidation of NO by carbon-based active materials at room temperature[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 859-869.

图/表 9

图1 NO氧化热力学平衡曲线[35]（NO浓度为250μL/L，平衡气为N2）

表1 AC材料表面催化氧化NO机理解释[41]

L-H机理模型

E-R机理模型

NO+C_f $→$ C-NO

O₂+2C_f $→$ 2C-O

C-NO+C-O $→$ C-NO₂+C_f

C-NO₂+C-NO₂ $→$ C-NO₃+NO+C_f

C-NO₃+C-NO $→$ C-NO-NO₃+C_f

C-NO-NO₃ $→$ 2NO₂+C_f

NO+C_f $→$ C-NO

2C-NO+O₂ $→$ 2C-NO₂

C-NO₂+C-NO₂ $→$ C-NO₃+NO+C_f

C-NO₃+C-NO $→$ C-NO-NO₃+C_f

C-NO-NO₃ $→$ 2NO₂+C_f

表1 AC材料表面催化氧化NO机理解释[41]

L-H机理模型

E-R机理模型

NO+C_f $→$ C-NO

O₂+2C_f $→$ 2C-O

C-NO+C-O $→$ C-NO₂+C_f

C-NO₂+C-NO₂ $→$ C-NO₃+NO+C_f

C-NO₃+C-NO $→$ C-NO-NO₃+C_f

C-NO-NO₃ $→$ 2NO₂+C_f

NO+C_f $→$ C-NO

2C-NO+O₂ $→$ 2C-NO₂

C-NO₂+C-NO₂ $→$ C-NO₃+NO+C_f

C-NO₃+C-NO $→$ C-NO-NO₃+C_f

C-NO-NO₃ $→$ 2NO₂+C_f

表2 AC的结构特性和NO转化率[43]

AC种类	V(0.5~0.8nm) /cm³ g^-1	V(0.9~1.5nm) /cm³ g^-1	平均孔径 /nm	NO 转化率/%
SKC-AR	0.12	0.04	0.57	22
SKC-45	0.14	0.07	0.66	46
SKC-90	0.23	0.14	0.72	52
SKC-180	0.18	0.27	0.93	44
SKC-360	0.17	0.37	1.22	36
PICA	0.12	0.17	1.11	31
MSC-30	0.14	0.24	1.23	31

图2 单位比表面积NO转化率与AC含氮量的关系[60]

图3 30℃不同碳基活性材料作用下NO稳态转化效率与O2浓度的关系[48]

图4 30℃下NO转化率的影响因素[64]

图5 温度对湿度抑制作用的影响[48]

图6 不同类型炭干凝胶的SEM显微照片[76]

图7 ACF的SEM图像[80]

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