化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 5095-5103.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0307

• 工业催化 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型纳米颗粒/SiO2复合气凝胶制备及吸附催化应用进展

吕伯昇(), 秦磊, 茹瑞, 徐泽海, 张国亮()   

  1. 浙江工业大学化学工程学院,绿色化学国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 出版日期:2020-12-05 发布日期:2020-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 张国亮
  • 作者简介:吕伯昇(1964—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为环境化工应用。E-mail:zjhzlbs@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21736009);浙江省自然科学基金(LY18B060010)

Progress on the preparation of nanomaterials-SiO2 aerogel composites and their applications in adsorption and catalysis

Bosheng LYU(), Lei QIN, Rui RU, Zehai XU, Guoliang ZHANG()   

  1. College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
  • Online:2020-12-05 Published:2020-12-02
  • Contact: Guoliang ZHANG

摘要:

SiO2气凝胶作为一种新型多孔网络结构材料,具有高比表面积、低热导率及低折射率等优异性能,在多领域具有广泛的应用前景,但是纯SiO2气凝胶存在力学强度低、质脆易裂等缺陷,严重制约了其规模化应用。因此,如何提升气凝胶的力学性能成为突破其产业化瓶颈的重点。目前,通过引入功能性增强相是改善SiO2气凝胶多孔骨架强度和柔韧性的最有效途径之一。本综述首先介绍了SiO2气凝胶制备及复合改性方法;然后对功能纳米颗粒/SiO2复合气凝胶合成进行探讨,分析了不同维度纳米材料如0D金属氧化物颗粒、1D纳米管/纳米纤维、2D氧化石墨烯纳米片(GO)以及3D金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)对气凝胶孔道结构和表面物化特性的影响,最后,论述了SiO2复合气凝胶在环境吸附催化领域中的应用潜力。

关键词: 二氧化硅, 复合气凝胶, 纳米粒子, 吸附, 催化

Abstract:

As new kind of nano-porous structured material, SiO2 aerogels have excellent properties such as high specific surface area, low thermal conductivity and refractive index, and hence are widely used in various fields. However, the low mechanical strength and brittle quality of SiO2 aerogels severely limit their industrial application. Therefore, the improvement on the mechanical properties of SiO2 aerogels is essential for its widespread application. Recently, the introduction of functional components into SiO2 aerogels has become one of most effective methods to enhance their strength and flexibility. In this frontier review, the preparation and modification of SiO2 aerogel have been introduced first. The design of nanoparticles-SiO2 aerogel composites is then discussed in detail. The influences of different dimensional nanomaterials such as 0D metal oxides nanoparticles, 1D nanotubes/nanofiber, 2D graphene oxide nanosheets and 3D metal-organic frameworks on the structure and surface physicochemical characteristics of the aerogels are analyzed. Finally, the industrial application potentials of SiO2 aerogel composites in environmental adsorption/catalysis are discussed.

Key words: silica, composite aerogels, nanoparticles, adsorption, catalysis

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