燃煤烟气胺法脱碳MVR再生系统关键参数及能耗分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对燃烧后胺法脱碳工艺再生能耗高的问题，本文将机械蒸汽再压缩（mechanical vapor recompression，MVR）节能技术与胺法再生工艺集成，建立燃煤烟气胺法脱碳MVR再生系统。采用速率基非平衡模型，以再生能耗为目标函数，对影响再生系统能耗的关键工艺参数进行考察，分析其对MVR再生系统的影响规律。结果表明，MVR技术在燃煤烟气胺法脱碳再生系统中表现出良好的节能效果，但最终节能效率应低于41.3%；在0.35～0.55mol/mol范围内增加富液CO₂担载量以及从90℃到115℃提升进塔温度，再生能耗快速降低；增加再生塔压力，MVR再生系统的再生能耗亦呈下降趋势，再生塔压力控制在2atm以下较为合适；降低闪蒸压力，压缩机能耗不断增加，再沸器能耗快速降低，闪蒸压力的合理取值区间为0.9～1.0atm；降低塔顶冷凝器温度从70℃到20℃，再生能耗略微增加，CO₂气体纯度提高。

关键词: 燃煤烟气, 再生能耗, 机械蒸汽再压缩, 热负荷, 二氧化碳

Abstract:

For the problem of high energy consumption for regeneration of post-combustion amine decarburization process, an amine decarburization regeneration system with MVR (mechanical vapor recompression）was established through integrating MVR technology into the ammonia regeneration process. Taking the regenerative energy consumption as the objective function, the key parameters affecting the energy consumption were investigated based on a rate-based non-equilibrium model, and their influence law on the regeneration system were analyzed. Results showed that MVR technology shows good energy saving effect in this regeneration system, but the energy-saving efficiency should be lower than 41.3%. With the increasing of the rich liquid loading in the range of 0.35—0.55mol/mol and raising the feed temperature from 90℃ to 115℃, the energy consumption of regeneration were reduced quickly. Although increasing the pressure of the regeneration tower contribute to reduce the regenerative energy consumption, it was more suitable to control the pressure below 2atm. Reducing the pressure of the flash tower, the compressor duty was constantly increased, the reboiler duty was reduced quickly. The reasonable range of flash pressure is 0.9—1.0 atm. Reducing condenser temperature from 70℃ to 20℃ slightly increase regeneration energy consumption and improve CO₂ purity.

Key words: coal-fired flue gas, regeneration energy consumption, mechanical vapor recompression, heat duty, carbon dioxide

中图分类号:

TQ 110.9

赵红涛, 王树民. 燃煤烟气胺法脱碳MVR再生系统关键参数及能耗分析[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S1): 256-262.

Hongtao ZHAO, Shumin WANG. Key parameters and energy consumption analysis of amine decarburization regeneration system with MVR for coal-fired flue gas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S1): 256-262.

图/表 9

表1 国华锦界电厂1号机组脱硫后烟气参数

N₂	O₂	CO₂	H₂O	SO₂	NO_x	烟尘	温度	表压
70.7%	6.1%	11.1%	12.1%	35mg·m^-3	50mg·m^-3	＜10mg·m^-3	40～50℃	-0.14kPa

表2 基于速率基非平衡模型的化学反应

序号	类型	反应方程式
1	equilibrium	$M E A H + + H 2 O ? M E A + H 3 O +$
2	equilibrium	$2 H 2 O ? H 3 O + + O H -$
3	equilibrium	$H C O 3 - + H 2 O ? C O 3 2 - + H 3 O +$
4	kinetic	$C O 2 + O H - → H C O 3 -$
5	kinetic	$H C O 3 - → C O 2 + O H -$
6	kinetic	$M E A + C O 2 + H 2 O → M E A C O O - + H 3 O +$
7	kinetic	$M E A C O O - + H 3 O + → M E A + C O 2 + H 2 O$

表2 基于速率基非平衡模型的化学反应

序号	类型	反应方程式
1	equilibrium	$M E A H + + H 2 O ? M E A + H 3 O +$
2	equilibrium	$2 H 2 O ? H 3 O + + O H -$
3	equilibrium	$H C O 3 - + H 2 O ? C O 3 2 - + H 3 O +$
4	kinetic	$C O 2 + O H - → H C O 3 -$
5	kinetic	$H C O 3 - → C O 2 + O H -$
6	kinetic	$M E A + C O 2 + H 2 O → M E A C O O - + H 3 O +$
7	kinetic	$M E A C O O - + H 3 O + → M E A + C O 2 + H 2 O$

图1 MVR再生系统模拟流程

表3 MVR再生系统中设备名称以及对应的单元模型和操作参数

序号	设备名称	单元模型	操作条件
1	换热器	Heater	90～115℃
2	再生塔	RadFrac	理论塔板20层操作压力1.6～4.0atm 填料Mellapak 250Y
3	闪蒸罐	Flash2	0.8～1.7atm，绝热
4	压缩机	Compr	操作压力1.6～4.0atm 等熵效率1.0

图2 富液CO2担载量对再生能耗的影响

图3 进塔温度对再生能耗的影响

图4 再生塔压力对再生能耗及再沸器温度的影响

图5 闪蒸压力对再沸器能耗、压缩机电耗及等量功的影响

图6 冷却器温度对再生能耗和CO2纯度的影响

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