催化剂形态与酚类化合物加氢反应活性构效关系的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0982

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质素是一种重要的生物质可再生资源，其降解后得到的酚类物质加氢后可得大量高附加值化学品，在环境治理和原料利用方面都有着十分重要的影响。本文综述了近年来国内外木质素酚类加氢反应催化剂的研究进展，总结了液相酚类催化加氢催化剂的种类、反应机理及结构敏感性因素对酚类催化加氢反应活性的影响，阐述了催化剂颗粒尺寸对液相酚类加氢反应活性影响，并以木质素液相酚类加氢反应催化剂的活性金属和载体为体系，对现有的结构敏感性反应中催化剂存在的形貌效应、晶相效应进行了讨论。提出未来可通过控制催化剂形貌和晶相来研究催化剂形态与催化活性之间的构效关系，为今后设计高活性木质素液相酚类加氢催化剂提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 催化剂, 生物质, 加氢, 纳米结构, 形态学

Abstract:

Lignin is an important renewable biomass resource. A large number of high value-added chemicals can be obtained from phenolic substances after degradation and hydrogenation, which have a very important influence on environmental treatment and raw material utilization. This paper reviewed the research progress of lignin phenol hydrogenation catalysts in recent years. The effects of the type, reaction mechanism and structural sensitivity of the liquid phenolic catalytic hydrogenation catalyst on the catalytic hydrogenation activity of phenols were summarized, and the effect of catalyst particle size on the activity of liquid phenol hydrogenation reaction was described. The morphological effect and crystal phase effect of the catalyst in the existing structural sensitivity reaction were discussed by using the active metal and carrier of the lignin liquid phenol hydrogenation catalyst as the system. It was proposed that the structure-activity relationship between catalyst morphology and catalytic activity can be studied by controlling the morphology and crystal phase of the catalyst to provide information and reference for the design of high-activity lignin liquid phenol hydrogenation catalyst in the future.

Key words: catalyst, biomass, hydrogenation, nanostructure, morphology

中图分类号:

O643.32⁺2

鲁金芝,魏雪梅,马占伟,胡斌. 催化剂形态与酚类化合物加氢反应活性构效关系的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(3): 1000-1011.

Jinzhi LU,Xuemei WEI,Zhanwei MA,Bin HU. Advances in research on structure-activity relationship between catalyst morphology and phenolic compounds in hydrogenation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(3): 1000-1011.

图/表 9

图1 木质素转化示意图

图2 通过控制添加Na2PdCl4的量获得的Pd多面体的SEM图（插图为TEM图）

图3 不同葡萄糖浓度、不同时间合成的Pt纳米晶体TEM图（插图为比例尺10nm的单个纳米晶体的高分辨率TEM图）

图4 具有片状形貌的Rh纳米晶

图5 Ni纳米晶的不同结构

图6 所制备的CeO2纳米晶体和相应催化剂的TEM和SEM图a，b，c—纳米立方体；d，e，f—纳米棒；g—Ru/r-CeO2；h—Ru/c-CeO2；i—纳米颗粒

图7 锐钛矿形状的示意图a—略微截断的四方双锥体，具有显性(101)晶面（平衡晶体形状）；b—具有大部分顶部(001)晶面的截断四边形双锥体；c—具有显性(001)晶面的正方形片；d—细长的截头四边形双锥体，具有大部分横向(100)晶面；e—由(100)和(001)晶面包围的四边形长方体

图8 常用金属催化剂的晶相结构

图9 不同晶相的Ru纳米颗粒

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