化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (06): 2915-2921.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2123
收稿日期:
2018-10-29
出版日期:
2019-06-05
发布日期:
2019-06-05
通讯作者:
唐晓东
作者简介:
李晶晶(1982—),女,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向为低芳烃含量轻质油脱芳和多元相平衡。E-mail:<email>lijingjing771216@gmail.com</email>。
Jingjing LI(),Liu YANG,Xiaodong TANG(),Zhiyu WANG,Chun WANG
Received:
2018-10-29
Online:
2019-06-05
Published:
2019-06-05
Contact:
Xiaodong TANG
摘要:
复合萃取剂包括传统复合溶剂和新型复合溶剂。前者是有机溶剂与有机溶剂或无机盐的复配,后者则是不同种类的离子液体复配,它们不仅具有对芳烃的溶解性好、选择性高的优点,而且萃取后,萃余油的收率相对较高,已经成为继单一萃取剂用于油品(石脑油、重整汽油和模拟油等)脱芳烃研究之后又一新的研究热点。本文综述了国内外脱芳烃复合萃取剂的研究进展,重点介绍了两类复合萃取剂(萃取剂与醇类、胺类溶剂或无机盐复配和离子液体复配)在油品萃取脱芳烃中的应用;根据复合萃取剂中助萃取剂的种类不同,对用于萃取脱芳烃的复合萃取剂进行了分类总结;介绍了不同种类的萃取剂复配与不同种类的离子液体复配的研究进展;最后指出复合萃取剂在分离芳烃应用中具有选择性高、分配系数高、操作工艺简单有效且成本低廉等优点,是工业上萃取脱芳烃今后的发展趋势。
中图分类号:
李晶晶, 杨柳, 唐晓东, 王治宇, 王春. 脱芳复合萃取剂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(06): 2915-2921.
Jingjing LI, Liu YANG, Xiaodong TANG, Zhiyu WANG, Chun WANG. Research development of composite extractants in removal of aromatics[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(06): 2915-2921.
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 芳烃(苯)脱除率/% | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
环丁砜 | — | 轻石脑油 | 42.70 | [ |
环丁砜 | 异丙醇 | 轻石脑油 | 53.96 | [ |
环丁砜 | EG | 轻石脑油 | 14.70 | [ |
环丁砜 | 水 | 轻石脑油 | 43.96 | [ |
PC | — | 石脑油 | 20.27 | [ |
PC | DEG | 重整汽油 | 78.93 | [ |
DMF | EG | 重整汽油 | 28.03 | [ |
DMF | EG | 模拟油 | 91.69 | [ |
表1 与醇类溶剂复配对芳烃的脱除效果
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 芳烃(苯)脱除率/% | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
环丁砜 | — | 轻石脑油 | 42.70 | [ |
环丁砜 | 异丙醇 | 轻石脑油 | 53.96 | [ |
环丁砜 | EG | 轻石脑油 | 14.70 | [ |
环丁砜 | 水 | 轻石脑油 | 43.96 | [ |
PC | — | 石脑油 | 20.27 | [ |
PC | DEG | 重整汽油 | 78.93 | [ |
DMF | EG | 重整汽油 | 28.03 | [ |
DMF | EG | 模拟油 | 91.69 | [ |
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 对苯相对挥发度 | 对芳烃的脱除率/% | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NMP | — | 石脑油 | — | 51.82 | [ |
NMP | DMF | 石脑油 | — | 81.32 | [ |
DMSO | — | 石脑油 | — | 52.56 | [ |
DMSO | DMF | 石脑油 | — | 89.48 | [ |
DMSO | — | 模拟油 | 1.84 | — | [ |
DMSO | DMF+NMP | 模拟油 | 2.40 | — | [ |
表2 与胺类溶剂复配对芳烃的萃取效果
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 对苯相对挥发度 | 对芳烃的脱除率/% | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NMP | — | 石脑油 | — | 51.82 | [ |
NMP | DMF | 石脑油 | — | 81.32 | [ |
DMSO | — | 石脑油 | — | 52.56 | [ |
DMSO | DMF | 石脑油 | — | 89.48 | [ |
DMSO | — | 模拟油 | 1.84 | — | [ |
DMSO | DMF+NMP | 模拟油 | 2.40 | — | [ |
离子液体序号 | 离子液体 | 芳烃含量/% | 分配系数 | 选择性系数 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1# | [4empy][Tf2N] | 2.65 | 1.29 | 38.3 | [ |
2# | [emim][DCA] | 2.89 | 0.27 | 72.0 | [ |
3# | [emim][CHF2CF2SO3] | 2.65 | 0.31 | 53.8 | [ |
4# | [emim][C2H5SO4] | — | 0.59 | 66.4 | [ |
5# | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3)+ [emim][CHF2CF2SO3](0.7) | 2.63 | 0.53 | 33.8 | [ |
6# | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.5)+ [emim][C2H5SO4](0.5) | 2.83 | 0.75 | 25.4 | [ |
7# | [4empy][Tf2N](0.3)+ [emim][DCA](0.7) | 24.00 | 0.17 | 30.4 | [ |
表3 单一咪唑类离子液体以及咪唑与吡啶类复配的离子液体对芳烃萃取效果
离子液体序号 | 离子液体 | 芳烃含量/% | 分配系数 | 选择性系数 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1# | [4empy][Tf2N] | 2.65 | 1.29 | 38.3 | [ |
2# | [emim][DCA] | 2.89 | 0.27 | 72.0 | [ |
3# | [emim][CHF2CF2SO3] | 2.65 | 0.31 | 53.8 | [ |
4# | [emim][C2H5SO4] | — | 0.59 | 66.4 | [ |
5# | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3)+ [emim][CHF2CF2SO3](0.7) | 2.63 | 0.53 | 33.8 | [ |
6# | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.5)+ [emim][C2H5SO4](0.5) | 2.83 | 0.75 | 25.4 | [ |
7# | [4empy][Tf2N](0.3)+ [emim][DCA](0.7) | 24.00 | 0.17 | 30.4 | [ |
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 原料中芳烃 含量/% | 脱芳烃 方法 | 对芳烃的脱除率/% | 分配 系数 | 选择性 系数 | 对芳烃的 相对挥发度 | 参考 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环丁砜 | — | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 42.70 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | 异丙醇 | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 53.96 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | EG | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 14.70 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | 水 | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 43.96 | — | — | — | [ |
PC | — | 石脑油 | 8..78 | 液液萃取 | 20.27 | — | — | — | [ |
PC | DEG | 重整汽油 | 69.3 | 液液萃取 | 78.93 | — | — | — | [ |
DMF | EG | 重整汽油 | 71.96 | 液液萃取 | 28.03 | — | — | — | [ |
DMF | EG | 模拟油 | 15 | 液液萃取 | 91.69 | — | — | — | [ |
NMP | — | 石脑油 | 8.78 | 液液萃取 | 51.82 | — | — | — | [ |
NMP | DMF | 石脑油 | 8.78 | 液液萃取 | 81.32 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | — | 石脑油 | 12.36 | 液液萃取 | 52.56 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | DMF | 石脑油 | 12.36 | 液液萃取 | 89.48 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | — | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 1.84 | [ |
DMSO | DMF+NMP | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 2.40 | [ |
DMF | KSCN | 模拟油 | >98 | 萃取精馏 | — | — | 7.5 | — | [ |
糠醛 | KSCN | 原料油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 5.16 | [ |
DMF:DBP=1 | MgCl2 | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 1.089 | [ |
DMF | NH4SCN | 模拟油 | 10~80 | 液液萃取 | — | — | 60.0 | — | [ |
[4empy][Tf2N] | — | 模拟油 | 2.65 | 液液萃取 | — | 1.29 | 38.3 | — | [ |
[emim][DCA] | — | 模拟油 | 2.89 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.27 | 72.0 | — | [ |
[emim][CHF2CF2SO3] | — | 模拟油 | 2.65 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.31 | 53.8 | — | [ |
[emim][C2H5SO4] | — | 模拟油 | — | 液液萃取 | — | 0.59 | 66.4 | — | [ |
[4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3) | [emim][CHF2CF2SO3](0.7) | 模拟油 | 2.63 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.53 | 33.8 | — | [ |
[4bmpy][Tf2N](0.5) | [emim][C2H5SO4](0.5) | 模拟油 | 2.83 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.75 | 25.4 | — | [ |
[4empy][Tf2N](0.3) | [emim][DCA] (0.7) | 模拟油 | 24.00 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.17 | 30.4 | — | [ |
[bpy][BF4] (0.7) | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3) | 模拟油 | 2.63 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.53 | 34.5 | — | [ |
[emim][TCM] (0.8) | [emim] [DCA] (0.2) | 模拟油 | 10.00 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.39 | 46.6 | — | [ |
表4 多种油品脱芳烃复合溶剂的性能差异对比
主萃取剂 | 助萃取剂 | 原料 | 原料中芳烃 含量/% | 脱芳烃 方法 | 对芳烃的脱除率/% | 分配 系数 | 选择性 系数 | 对芳烃的 相对挥发度 | 参考 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环丁砜 | — | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 42.70 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | 异丙醇 | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 53.96 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | EG | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 14.70 | — | — | — | [ |
环丁砜 | 水 | 轻石脑油 | 1.547 | 液液萃取 | 43.96 | — | — | — | [ |
PC | — | 石脑油 | 8..78 | 液液萃取 | 20.27 | — | — | — | [ |
PC | DEG | 重整汽油 | 69.3 | 液液萃取 | 78.93 | — | — | — | [ |
DMF | EG | 重整汽油 | 71.96 | 液液萃取 | 28.03 | — | — | — | [ |
DMF | EG | 模拟油 | 15 | 液液萃取 | 91.69 | — | — | — | [ |
NMP | — | 石脑油 | 8.78 | 液液萃取 | 51.82 | — | — | — | [ |
NMP | DMF | 石脑油 | 8.78 | 液液萃取 | 81.32 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | — | 石脑油 | 12.36 | 液液萃取 | 52.56 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | DMF | 石脑油 | 12.36 | 液液萃取 | 89.48 | — | — | — | [ |
DMSO | — | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 1.84 | [ |
DMSO | DMF+NMP | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 2.40 | [ |
DMF | KSCN | 模拟油 | >98 | 萃取精馏 | — | — | 7.5 | — | [ |
糠醛 | KSCN | 原料油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 5.16 | [ |
DMF:DBP=1 | MgCl2 | 模拟油 | — | 萃取精馏 | — | — | — | 1.089 | [ |
DMF | NH4SCN | 模拟油 | 10~80 | 液液萃取 | — | — | 60.0 | — | [ |
[4empy][Tf2N] | — | 模拟油 | 2.65 | 液液萃取 | — | 1.29 | 38.3 | — | [ |
[emim][DCA] | — | 模拟油 | 2.89 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.27 | 72.0 | — | [ |
[emim][CHF2CF2SO3] | — | 模拟油 | 2.65 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.31 | 53.8 | — | [ |
[emim][C2H5SO4] | — | 模拟油 | — | 液液萃取 | — | 0.59 | 66.4 | — | [ |
[4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3) | [emim][CHF2CF2SO3](0.7) | 模拟油 | 2.63 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.53 | 33.8 | — | [ |
[4bmpy][Tf2N](0.5) | [emim][C2H5SO4](0.5) | 模拟油 | 2.83 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.75 | 25.4 | — | [ |
[4empy][Tf2N](0.3) | [emim][DCA] (0.7) | 模拟油 | 24.00 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.17 | 30.4 | — | [ |
[bpy][BF4] (0.7) | [4bmpy][Tf2N](0.3) | 模拟油 | 2.63 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.53 | 34.5 | — | [ |
[emim][TCM] (0.8) | [emim] [DCA] (0.2) | 模拟油 | 10.00 | 液液萃取 | — | 0.39 | 46.6 | — | [ |
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