二甲苯吸附剂及其在泄漏事故水域的适用性评述

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1880

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二甲苯是泄漏事故频率较高的一种典型危险化学品。在化学品泄漏响应中，吸附材料可以作为一种资源用于水中化学品的回收。为了选择一种优秀的吸附材料清除水面泄漏二甲苯，本文在介绍5类吸附剂（矿物类、生物质、纳米材料、有机合成化合物和超疏水材料）的结构特点、吸附原理、吸附性能基础上，评述了各类吸附剂应用于泄漏事故水域二甲苯分离去除的优缺点，介绍了各类材料吸附分离二甲苯的最新进展。分析表明，超疏水三维多孔材料（超疏水海绵、超疏水纤维等）和超疏水网膜材料由于具有较高的亲油疏水性和二甲苯吸附容量，且机械强度大、耐磨性强、再生方法简单，使其适于作为大面积二甲苯污染水域的分离材料。本文对改进超疏水材料应用效果提出了建议。

关键词: 二甲苯, 吸附, 分离, 水上泄漏, 污染

Abstract:

Xylene is a typical hazardous chemical with high spill frequency. Recovery of chemical by sorbent materials is one of the countermeasures in water chemical spills response. In order to provide information on the selection of optimal adsorption material for cleanup of leaked xylene, the structural characteristics, adsorption mechanisms and adsorption capacities of five types of adsorbents (products of mineral adsorbents, biomass, nano-materials, organic synthetic compounds and super-hydrophobic materials) were described in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of adsorbents in xylene separation and removal were discussed. The latest research advances of xylene sorption with those materials were also summarized in this review. Due to the superhydrophobic performance, high adsorption capacity, high mechanical strength, strong wear resistance and easy regeneration, the superhydrophobic three-dimensional porous materials (such as super-hydrophobic sponges, super-hydrophobic fibers) and superhydrophobic mesh materials are suitable for xylene recovery in large water area. Several recommendations improving application effectiveness of superhydrophobic materials were put forward.

Key words: xylene, adsorption, separation, spills on water, pollution

中图分类号:

X592

赵诗琳, 孟范平, 林雨霏, 郑洋, 王国善, 武江越. 二甲苯吸附剂及其在泄漏事故水域的适用性评述[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(06): 2813-2824.

Shilin ZHAO, Fanping MENG, Yufei LIN, Yang ZHENG, Guoshan WANG, Jiangyue WU. Sorbents for seprating xylene and their applicability in waters after the accidental spills: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(06): 2813-2824.

图/表 7

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吸附剂	改性方法	S _BET /m²·g^-1	吸附质	温度/℃	pH	平衡吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	吸附等温线模型	吸附动力学模型	文献
硅藻土（采自希腊北部的库扎尼地区）	未处理	38.4	PX、OX	20	—	0.34、0.20	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	550℃煅烧	43.3	PX、OX	20	—	0.82、0.64	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	750℃煅烧	31.81	PX、OX	20	—	0.75、0.50	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	950℃煅烧	7.66	PX、OX	20	—	0.42、0.23	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
硅藻土（西班牙一种商品化产品）	未处理	13.04	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.10、0.10、0.04	Freundlich	—	[20]
	550℃煅烧	10.1	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.15、0.15、0.08	Freundlich	—	[20]
	D_HCl	9.4	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.19、0.19、0.08	Freundlich	—	[20]
粉煤灰制成的Na-P1沸石	不改性	75.59	PX、OX	20	—	0.097、0.082	Langmuir	拟二级	[21]
粉煤灰制成的Na-P1沸石	不改性	88	PX	20	—	1.81~11.41	—	—	[22]
	HDTMA-Br	—	PX	20	—	1.79~11.47	—	—	[22]
天然斜发沸石	HDTMA-Cl	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.134	—	拟二级	[23]
	CPB	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.255	—	拟二级	[23]
沸石纳米颗粒	HDTMA-Cl	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.624	—	拟二级	[23]
	CPB	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.662	—	拟二级	[23]
蒙脱石	PEG	27.8	二甲苯	25	7.0	6.00	Freundlich	拟二级	[24]
蒙脱石	TTAB	26.2	二甲苯	—	7.0	6.98	Freundlich	拟二级	[25]
蒙脱石	HDTMA-Cl	61.66	MX、PX	23	9.0	0.76、0.75	Langmuir-Freundlich	—	[26]

吸附剂	改性方法	S _BET /m²·g^-1	吸附质	温度/℃	pH	平衡吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	吸附等温线模型	吸附动力学模型	文献
硅藻土（采自希腊北部的库扎尼地区）	未处理	38.4	PX、OX	20	—	0.34、0.20	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	550℃煅烧	43.3	PX、OX	20	—	0.82、0.64	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	750℃煅烧	31.81	PX、OX	20	—	0.75、0.50	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
	950℃煅烧	7.66	PX、OX	20	—	0.42、0.23	Freundlich	拟二级	[19]
硅藻土（西班牙一种商品化产品）	未处理	13.04	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.10、0.10、0.04	Freundlich	—	[20]
	550℃煅烧	10.1	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.15、0.15、0.08	Freundlich	—	[20]
	D_HCl	9.4	MX、PX、OX	20	—	0.19、0.19、0.08	Freundlich	—	[20]
粉煤灰制成的Na-P1沸石	不改性	75.59	PX、OX	20	—	0.097、0.082	Langmuir	拟二级	[21]
粉煤灰制成的Na-P1沸石	不改性	88	PX	20	—	1.81~11.41	—	—	[22]
	HDTMA-Br	—	PX	20	—	1.79~11.47	—	—	[22]
天然斜发沸石	HDTMA-Cl	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.134	—	拟二级	[23]
	CPB	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.255	—	拟二级	[23]
沸石纳米颗粒	HDTMA-Cl	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.624	—	拟二级	[23]
	CPB	—	二甲苯	20	—	0.662	—	拟二级	[23]
蒙脱石	PEG	27.8	二甲苯	25	7.0	6.00	Freundlich	拟二级	[24]
蒙脱石	TTAB	26.2	二甲苯	—	7.0	6.98	Freundlich	拟二级	[25]
蒙脱石	HDTMA-Cl	61.66	MX、PX	23	9.0	0.76、0.75	Langmuir-Freundlich	—	[26]

吸附剂	改性剂或方法	S _BET /m²·g^-1	吸附物质	温度/℃	平衡吸附容量/g·g^-1	吸附等温线	吸附动力学	文献
木棉纤维	不改性	—	二甲苯	20	29.2	—	—	[30]
	NaClO₂	—	二甲苯	20	36.2	—	—
红麻芯	MTMS	9.13	二甲苯	—	19.6	—	—	[31]
泥炭	—	—	MX，PX	25	11.23×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级	[32]
			OX	25	9.72×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级
木屑	—	—	MX，PXOX	25	9.07×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级	[33]
				25	6.45×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级
KC-8活性炭	—	769.39	PX	40	0.235	Freundlich	拟二级	[34]
文冠果壳活性炭	—	1455.23	二甲苯	—	1.878	—	拟二级	[35]

吸附剂	改性剂或方法	S _BET /m²·g^-1	吸附物质	温度/℃	平衡吸附容量/g·g^-1	吸附等温线	吸附动力学	文献
木棉纤维	不改性	—	二甲苯	20	29.2	—	—	[30]
	NaClO₂	—	二甲苯	20	36.2	—	—
红麻芯	MTMS	9.13	二甲苯	—	19.6	—	—	[31]
泥炭	—	—	MX，PX	25	11.23×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级	[32]
			OX	25	9.72×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级
木屑	—	—	MX，PXOX	25	9.07×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级	[33]
				25	6.45×10^-6	Freundlich	拟二级
KC-8活性炭	—	769.39	PX	40	0.235	Freundlich	拟二级	[34]
文冠果壳活性炭	—	1455.23	二甲苯	—	1.878	—	拟二级	[35]

纳米材料	改性方法	S _BET /m²·g^-1	孔径/nm	吸附质	q _m/mg·g^-1	温度/℃	pH	吸附等温模型	吸附动力学模型	文献
多壁碳纳米管	无	471	5.4	PX、MX、OX	76.15、76.86、61.86	20	7.0	Langmuir	—	[44]
	3％NaOCl氧化	381	6	PX、MX、OX	56.17、112.19、75.27	20	7.0	Langmuir	—
	15％NaOCl氧化	327	5.9	PX、MX、OX	44.60、48.58、44.42	20	7.0	Langmuir	—
	30％NaOCl氧化	382	6	PX、MX、OX	103.40、109.78、97.39	20	7.0	Langmuir	—
多壁碳纳米管	无	310.75	0.25	PX	172.68	25	7.0	Langmuir	—	[45]
多壁碳纳米管	30%NaOCl氧化	88.56	0.27	PX	413.77	25	7.0	Langmuir	—	[45]
多壁碳纳米管	无	310.75/231.89^①	0.25/23.54^①	PX	147.8	25	7.0	—	—	[46]
多壁碳纳米管	NaOCl活化	133.33/194.08^①	0.30/23.75^①	PX	318.3	25	7.0	—	—
多壁碳纳米管	无	138	16.7	PX	219.51	25	6.0	Langmuir- Freundlich	拟二级	[47]
多壁碳纳米管	氧化铁纳米颗粒浸渍	216	18.5	PX	458.52	25	6.0	Langmuir- Freundlich	拟二级	[47]
多壁碳纳米管	无	113.5	11.03	PX、MX、OX	44.15、70.58、44.18	20	6.0	Langmuir	拟二级	[48]
多壁碳纳米管	KOH活化	662.1	2.26	PX、MX、OX	105.59、227.05、138.04	20	6.0	Langmuir	拟二级	[48]
多壁碳纳米管	KOH活化	534.6	—	MX	247.83	20	6.0	Langmuir	拟二级	[49]