严苛条件下承压系统安全阀技术

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1209

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安全阀作为承压系统主要的安全附件对保证化学与能源工业装置的安全运行起着举足轻重的作用。近年来，随着承压系统工作压力与温度环境等日益严苛，对安全阀性能也提出了更加精准与严苛的要求。为了探索先进安全阀的设计、制造与运维技术，本文概述了安全阀的研究现状和取得的重要技术进展，包括安全阀动作和排量性能的精准设计、安全阀密封设计、安全阀抗震设计、安全阀可靠性的精准设计、热态试验验证及安全阀本身的结构完整性保障和健康监测等，在此基础上，指出了今后亟待解决的若干科学技术问题，包括极端工况（高温、高压、地震、火灾等）流体流场下安全阀瞬态响应的计算模拟技术、极端工况下安全阀全性能试验装置和试验方法、精确测量安全阀流量系数的多尺度方法、智能安全阀技术、极端工况安全阀结构完整性评价技术。

关键词: 安全阀, 设计, 试验, 抗震, 可靠性, 结构完整性

Abstract:

Safety valves, as major safety accessories of pressure systems, play a very important role in ensuring safe operation of chemical and energy installations. More precision and strict requirements have been put forward on the performance of safety valves as the result of harsher condition such as increased pressure and temperature. In order to develop advanced design, manufacturing and maintenance technology for safety valves, the state-of-the-art of safety valves was reviewed and key science and technology progresses were summarized, which include precision design of action and displacement, sealing design, seismic design, reliability design, high temperature mock-up testing verification and structural integrity and health monitoring and so on. On this basis, several future technical challenges were identified, including computer simulation of dynamic responses of safety valves under extreme fluid flows (higher temperature, higher pressure, earthquake, fire), testing setup and methods under extreme conditions, multi-scaling methods for determining the coefficient of flow, smart safety valve technology and structural integrity assessment of safety valves under extreme conditions.

Key words: safety valve, design, testing, anti-earthquake design, reliability, structural integrity

中图分类号:

涂善东, 于新海, 张健. 严苛条件下承压系统安全阀技术[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 145-154.

Shan-Tung TU, Xinhai YU, Jian ZHANG. Safety valve technology of pressure systems under harsh conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 145-154.

图/表 5

图1 基于动网格技术安全阀动态模拟[18]

图2 50次阀瓣冲击后的安全阀阀座Mises残余应力场分布中子衍射残余应力测量装置[43]

图3 不同振幅竖直正弦波地震载荷下开高及阀前压力容器内压力随时间的变化曲线[50]

图4 安全阀高温高压热态试验技术

图5 基于经典密度泛函理论的安全阀密封面楔形狭缝吸附力模型[60]

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