液液微分散及其用于标准颗粒制备的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液液分散与液滴生成是化工生产最典型的多尺度动态过程之一，针对该类过程的精准控制是化工研究的难点与重点。近年来，伴随机械微加工与流体微量输运技术的快速兴起，基于微米尺度作用的微化工技术在液液分散与液滴生成的调控中展现出了显著优势，成为化工研究的前沿方向。本文针对近年来在微分散基本规律、微分散动态界面现象与微分散标准颗粒材料等领域的研究进展进行综述：围绕微分散基本规律，介绍了微尺度液滴破碎的主导作用力、液液微分散流型及微分散数值模拟方法；围绕微分散动态界面现象，分析了动态界面张力的变化规律及其影响因素；围绕微分散标准颗粒制备，简述了微分散颗粒制备的主流技术及其适用范围。同时，针对相关领域的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 微液滴, 微分散, 微流体学, 传递过程, 界面张力, 标准颗粒

Abstract:

Liquid-liquid dispersion process is one of the most typical chemical engineering processes, and the precise control of such processes is the key point for chemical engineering research. Micro-structured chemical systems perform multi-scale manipulation of liquid-liquid multi-phase flows, and have been regarded as one of the most promising techniques for liquid-liquid dispersion and droplet generation. In this paper, recent progresses in droplet generation mechanism, dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) and standard particle preparation were introduced. Dominant forces of droplet rupture, flow patterns of liquid-liquid micro-dispersion and micro-dispersion computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods were firstly introduced. Then, the mechanism of dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) were analyzed. Micro-dispersion techniques for particle preparation were finally stated. This review also presents outlook to the future research areas of micro-dispersion and particle preparation.

Key words: micro-droplet, micro-dispersion, microfluidics, transport process, interfacial tension, standard particle

中图分类号:

TQ02

李严凯, 王凯, 骆广生. 液液微分散及其用于标准颗粒制备的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 30-44.

Yankai LI, Kai WANG, Guangsheng LUO. Advances in liquid-liquid micro-dispersion and its applications in standard particle preparation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 30-44.

图/表 13

参考文献 107

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触发因素/时间尺度	流型/时间尺度	动态界面张力的作用机制	动态界面张力的大小变化趋势（较平衡态）
表面活性剂的动态吸附/ms	Squeezing流/s	充分吸附、达吸附平衡	不变—
	Dripping流/(ms～s)	非充分吸附、未达吸附平衡	增大↑
	Jetting流/ms	界面动态聚集(tip-streaming)	减小↓
互溶介质的相间传质/ms	Squeezing流/s	充分传质、无动态效应	不变—
	Dripping流/(ms～s)	非充分传质、非稳态	减小↓
	Jetting流/ms	非充分传质、非稳态	减小↓

触发因素/时间尺度	流型/时间尺度	动态界面张力的作用机制	动态界面张力的大小变化趋势（较平衡态）
表面活性剂的动态吸附/ms	Squeezing流/s	充分吸附、达吸附平衡	不变—
	Dripping流/(ms～s)	非充分吸附、未达吸附平衡	增大↑
	Jetting流/ms	界面动态聚集(tip-streaming)	减小↓
互溶介质的相间传质/ms	Squeezing流/s	充分传质、无动态效应	不变—
	Dripping流/(ms～s)	非充分传质、非稳态	减小↓
	Jetting流/ms	非充分传质、非稳态	减小↓

项目	有机聚合物微球						无机微球
尺寸/μm	0.1～1		1～10		10～100		0.1～1				1～10	10～100
方法	乳液聚合	分散聚合		种子聚合		悬浮聚合	燃烧法	化学沉淀	微乳液	溶胶-凝胶			机械粉碎
单分散性	√	√		√			√			√
表面性质							√			√			√
通用性						√			√				√

项目	有机聚合物微球						无机微球
尺寸/μm	0.1～1		1～10		10～100		0.1～1				1～10	10～100
方法	乳液聚合	分散聚合		种子聚合		悬浮聚合	燃烧法	化学沉淀	微乳液	溶胶-凝胶			机械粉碎
单分散性	√	√		√			√			√
表面性质							√			√			√
通用性						√			√				√

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