四边形外循环膜生物流化床内液相涡结构特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-1280

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对研究开发的四边形外循环膜生物流化床，构建了气固液三相流可视化平台，应用激光粒子图像测速（PIV）技术分析了曝气强度对流化床液相流场特性的影响，结合涡量法和旋涡强度法分析了旋涡结构特性，初步剖析了流化床多相流运动形成的机理。结果表明，流化床液相速度随曝气强度的增加而增加，流化床形成的环流有助于控制和降低气泡的附壁效应，曝气量分布和气液掺混效果更好，提高了气含率并降低了能耗，最终提高了污水处理效果。由于流化床降流区和升流区的冲击，使整个流化床形成了大量的小尺度涡；填料在整个床体中长期和稳定的流化机理为大量的小尺度涡把受作用下沉的颗粒托浮起来；冲击使得气泡与气泡的碰撞、破碎及合并概率增大，进而增加气液传质效率；固液接触面摩擦增强，进而造成载体生物膜细胞传质浓度边界层趋向不稳定，进而增加了固液的传质效率；气固液三相冲刷膜组件有助于抑制膜污染。四边形外循环膜生物流化床在传质、流化和抑制膜污染上具有独特的优势，是高负荷有机废水好氧生物处理的开发方向。

关键词: 流化床, 激光粒子图像测速, 旋涡强度法, 涡量法, 小尺度涡, 多相流

Abstract: Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow visualization platform was constructed based on the studied and developed quadrilateral membrane biological fluidized bed with external loop.The particle image velocimetry(PIV) technique was adopted to analyze the impact of aeration intensity on the characteristics of fluidized-bed liquid-phase flow field.Additionally,the vorticity and swirling strength were combined to analyze the characteristics of vortex structure.The forming mechanism of fluidized-bed multi-phase flow movement was preliminarily analyzed.The results indicated that the fluidized-bed liquid-phase velocity increases along with the improved aeration intensity.The circulation formed by fluidized-bed helps to control and decrease the Coanda effect of bubbles.Furthermore,it improves the aeration rate distribution and gas-liquid mixing effect,increases gas holdup and decreases energy consumption.Finally,the sewage treatment effect is improved.There are a large number of microvortexes generated in the whole fluidized-bed due to the impact of the down-flow area and up-flow area of the fluidized-bed.The long-term and stable fluidization mechanism of padding in the whole bed floats up the particles that are submerged as large number of microvortexes.The impact increases the probability of collision,crushing and merging among bubbles,and thus accelerating the gas-fluid mass transfer efficiency.The friction on the solid-fluid contact surface is strengthened,making the boundary layer of mass transfer concentration of carrier biological membrane tend to be unstable,thus increasing the solid-fluid mass transfer efficiency.Gas-solid-fluid three-phase scouring membrane components are conducive to inhibiting the membrane contamination.The quadrilateral membrane biological fluidized-bed with external loop enjoys unique advantages in terms of mass transfer,fluidization and inhibiting membrane contamination,as a development direction to treat the high-load organic wastewater aerobic.

Key words: fluidized-bed, PIV, swirling strength, vorticity, microvortex, multiphase flow

中图分类号:

X703

董亮, 曾涛, 刘少北, 王荣麟, 张长练. 四边形外循环膜生物流化床内液相涡结构特性[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(03): 893-905.

DONG Liang, ZENG Tao, LIU Shaobei, WANG Ronglin, ZHANG Changlian. Vortex structure characterization of liquid phase within the quadrilateral membrane biological fluidized bed with external loop[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(03): 893-905.

参考文献

[1] PATEL A,ZHU J,NAKHLA G.Simultaneous carbon. Nitrogen and phosphorous removal from municipal wastewater in a circulating fluidized bed bioreactor[J]. Chemosphere,2006,65(7):1103-1112.
[2] 张金生,袁兴中,曾光明,等.外循环三相流化床-人工湿地系统处理渗透液可行性研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3371-3376. ZHANG Jinsheng,YUAN Xingzhong,ZENG Guangming,et al.Feasibility of treatment of landfill leachates by external loop three phase fluidized bed-constructed wetland system[J]. Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3371-3376.
[3] RAJASIMMAN M,KARTHIKEYAN C.Aerobic digestion of starch wastewater in a fluidized bed bioreactor with low density biomass support[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,143(1/2):82-86.
[4] 王泽波,王飞,严建华,等.外循环流化床处理垃圾渗透液[J].水处理技术,2016,42(8):100-103. WANG Zebo,WANG Fei,YAN Jianhua,et al.Research on treatment of landfill leathate by an external biological circulating fluidized bed[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(8):100-103.
[5] 李丽,焦伟堂,冯旭东.外循环三相生物流化床载体挂膜的研究[J].化工时刊,2005,19(7):5-8. LI Li,JIAO Weitang,FENG Xudong.Study on formation of biofilm and biofilm thickness in a three-phase bio-fluidized bed with external loop[J]. Chemical Industry Times,2005,19(7):5-8.
[6] 施汉昌,温沁雪,白雪.污水处理好氧生物流化床的原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:81. SHI Hanchang,WEN Qinxue,BAI Xue.Principle and application of aerobic biological fluidized bed for wastewater treatment[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2012:81.
[7] 冯杨阳,廖延广,陈英文,等.生物流化床处理废水的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2014,34(10):7-10. FENG Yangyang,LIAO Yanguang,CHEN Yingwen,et al.Progress in fluidized bed bioreactor applied to wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2014,34(10):7-10.
[8] 麦礼杰,张涛,欧桦瑟,等.低隙十字挡板对四边形流化床流体力学性能优化数值模拟[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(11):2740-2745. MAI Lijie,ZHANG Tao,OU Huase,et al.Numerical optimization on hydrodynamic characteristics of rectangular fluidized bed with a cross-shaped baffle on the bottom[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(11):2740-2745.
[9] LIU Ningyu,ZHANG Qide,GIM-LEONG CHIN,et al.Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic behavior in a real membrane bio-reactor unit[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,353:122-134.
[10] YAN Chaoyu,LU Chunxi,LAN Xingying,et al.Hydrodynamics in airlift loop section of petroleum coke combustor[J].Powder Technology,2009,192:143-151.
[11] 张同旺,高继贤,王铁峰,等.三相环流反应器中的局部相含率[J]. 过程工程学报,2005,5(5):485-489. ZHANG Tongwang,GAO Jixian,WANG Tiefen,et al.Local phase holdup in a three-phase loop reactor[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2005,5(5):485-489.
[12] BOYER C,DUQUENNE A,WILD G.Measuring techniques in gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2002,57:3185-3215.
[13] DI RENZO A,DI MIAO F P.Homogeneous and bubbling fluidization regimes in DEM-CFD simulations:hydrodynamic stability of gas and liquid fluidized beds[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2007,62(1):116-130.
[14] 刘燕,陈赫宇,周千淅,等.液固外循环流化床内喷嘴对流场影响的数值模拟[J].河北工业大学学报,2016,45(1):69-73. LIU Yan,CHEN Heyu,ZHOU Qianxi,et al.Numerical simulation of flow field affected by the nozzle in the liquid-solid exterior circulating fluidized bed[J].Journal of Hebei University of Technology,2016,45(1):69-73.
[15] CHRISTOPHER E.BRENNEN.Fundamentals of multiphase flows[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[16] DEEN N G.Two-phase PIV bubbly flows:status and trend[J].Experiments in Fluids,2002,25(1):97-101.
[17] BRAND O,BALTES H.Micro sensor packaging[J].Micro System Technologies,2002,7:205-208.
[18] 董亮,曾涛,刘少北,等.生物倍增反应器气泡流态特性分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2017(4):101-110. DONG Liang,ZENG Tao,LIU Shaobei,et al.PIV measurement and POD analysis of bubble flow characteristics in bio-doubling reactor[J]. Hydro Science and Engineering,2017(4):101-110.
[19] 王涛,施周,施清华,等.周进周出辐流式沉淀池三维数值模拟与PIV实验对比研究[J]. 环境工程学报,2017,11(1):159-164. WANG Tao,SHI Zhou,SHI Qinhua,et al.Comparative experimental investigations between PIV and three dimensional numerical simulation of circular clarifier[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(1):159-164.
[20] SOZZI D A,TAGHIPOUR F.Experimental investigation of flow field in annular ultraviolet reactors using particle image velocimetry[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(26):9979-9988.
[21] TAGHIPOUR F,SOZZI A.Modeling and design of ultraviolet reactors for disinfection by-product precursor removal[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(26):71-80.
[22] 张建伟,张学良,冯颖,等.水平对置撞击流的POD分析及混合特性[J].过程工程学报,2016,16(1):26-33. ZHANG Jianwei,ZHANG Xueliang,FENG Ying,et al.POD analysis and mixing characteristics of impinging streams from two opposite nozzles[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2016,16(1):26-33.
[23] 陆雨洲,徐庶民,钟伟,等.圆盘绕流近尾迹实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2013,27(1):19-25. LU Yuzhou,XU Shumin,ZHONG Wei,et al.Experimental study on the near wake of a circular disk[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2013,27(1):19-25.
[24] SMITTH M,MUNGA G M.Mixing in the jet in cross flow[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1998,357:83-122.
[25] 吴剑,齐鄂荣,李炜,等.应用PIV系统研究横流中近壁水平圆柱绕流漩涡特性[J].水科学进展,2005,16(5):628-633. WU Jian,QI Erong,LI Wei,et al.Research on vortexes of cross flow past a horizontal circular cylinder by PIV system[J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(5):628-633.
[26] 李春丽,郭劲君,王志强,等.基于PIV荧光粒子法的膜面气液两相流场特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):373-378. LI Chunli,GUO Jinjun,WANG Zhiqiang,et al.Characteristics of flow field near membrane surface in submerged membrane bioreactor based on PIV fluorescent particle method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural machinery,2016,47(12):373-378.
[27] 董亮,曾涛,刘少北,等.基于PIV技术的ABR反应器在不同HRT下的液相流态特性研究[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):272-278. DONG Liang,ZENG Tao,LIU Shaobei,et al.Research of dynamics characteristics of flow in the ABR based on the PIV technology in different HRT[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(6):272-278.
[28] RAVELET F,DELFOS R,Westerweel J.Influence of global rotation and Reynolds number on the large-scale features of a turbulent Taylor-Couette flow[J].Physics of Fluids,2010,22:055103.
[29] WU J Z,MA H Y,ZHOU M D.Vorticity and vortex dynamics[M].Berlin:Springr-Verlage,2006.
[30] DONG S.Direct numerical simulation of turbulent Taylor-Couette flow[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2007,587:373-393.
[31] 车翠翠,田茂诚.圆管内置梯形翼片的流场特性PIV实验[J].化工学报,2013,64(11):3976-3984. CHE Cuicui,TIAN Maocheng.PIV experiment on flow disturbance characteristics of embedded trapezoid winglets in tube[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(11):3976-3984.
[32] 翟庆良.多相流新理论及其应用[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2014. ZHAI Qingliang.New theory of multiphase flow and its application[M].Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,2014.
[33] PAFFEL M,WILLER C,KOMPENHANS J.Particle image velocimetry:a practical guide[M].New York:Springer Verlag,1998.
[34] 严敬,杨小林,邓万权,等.示踪粒子跟随性讨论[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(6):54-56. YAN Jing,YANG Xiaolin,DENG Wanquan,et al.Analysis on following features of tracer particles[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural machinery,2005,36(6):54-56.
[35] FENG L H,WANG J J.Circular cylinder vortex-synchronization control with a synthetic jet positioned at the rear stagnation point[J].Fluid Mech.,2010,662:232-259.
[36] CALCAGNO G,FELICER F D,FELLI M.Propeller wake analysis behind a ship by Stereo PIV[C]//24th Symposium on Naval Hydrodinamics,2002,8-13 July.Fukuoka,JAPAN.
[37] ADRIAN J,CHRISTENSEN K T,LIU Z C.Analysis and interpretation of instantaneous turbulent velocity fields[J]. Experiments in Fluids,2000,29(3):275-290.
[38] 于尚旺,姚朝晖,何枫,等.基于漩涡强度方法的冲击射流涡结构研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2006,46(8):1466-1469. YU Sangwang,YAO Zhaohui,HE Feng,et al.The study of vortex structure of impinging jet calculated using the swirling strength method[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2006,46(8):1466-1469.
[39] HU X G,MOMBER A W,YIN Y.Erosion wear of hydraulic concrete with low steel fiber content[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,132:1331-1340.
[40] ELZBIETA HORSZCZARUK.Abrasion resistance of high-strength concrete in hydraulic structures[J]. Wear,2005,259(1-6):62-69.
[41] 李春丽,田瑞,邱广明,等.浸没式膜生物反应器内膜面传质特性实验[J].农业工程学报,2014,45(2):340-345. LI Chuli,TIAN Rui,QIU Guangming,et al.Mass transfer characteristics of membrane surface in SMBR[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,45(2):340-345.
[42] 韦朝海,朱家亮,张涛,等.新型流化床内流体重构的流体力学特性变化及其数值模拟[J].化工学报,2012,63(10):3064-3069. WEI Chaohai,ZHU Jialiang,ZHANG Tao,et al.Flow field reconstruction in novel fluidized bed by CFD simulation[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(10):3064-3069.
[43] GAN Xiaoqing,CHEN Ken,GAO Yongqing,et al.Seminar on engineering education cooperation & academic research for Chinese-french universities[C].Beijing:The publishing House of Ordance Industry,2005.
[44] ZHANG T,WEI C H,FENG C H,et al.A novel airlift reactor enhanced by funnel internals and hydrodynamics prediction by the CFD method[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,104(1):600-607.
[45] 郭杨,乔红杰,王世和,等.膜生物流化床的膜污染控制特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(2):367-371. GUO Yang,QIAO Hongjie,WANG Shihe,et al.Control characteristic of membrane fouling in membrane biological fluidized bed[J]. Journal of southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2009,39(2):367-371.
[46] 郭杨,王世和,马今霞. 膜生物流化床膜污染的影响因数研究[J]. 水处理技术,2009,35(6):28-31. GUO Yang,WANG Shihe,MA Jinxia.Study on the influencing factors of membrane fouling in membrane biological fluidized bed[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2009,35(6):28-31.
[47] SAALBACH J,HUNZE M.Flow structure in MBR-tanks[J].Water Science and Technology,2008,57(5):699-705.
[48] YEO ADRIAN P S,LAW ADRIAN W K,FANE A G.Factors affecting the performance of a submerged hollow fiber bundle[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2006,280:969-982.