油水乳液体系中甲烷水合物生成研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0565

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在石油工业领域，油气开采与输送过程中，高压低温条件极易形成水合物阻塞管路，影响了管路正常运行，甚至会造成安全事故。随着水合物抑制与防堵技术的研究日益进展，甲烷水合物在乳液体系中的生成情况成为关注的重点。为掌握甲烷水合物在油水乳液体系中的生成规律，了解影响其生成情况的因素，对抑制高压输油与海底混输管道的水合物生成提供思路，本文针对前人的实验研究成果作了归纳，总结了乳液体系中甲烷水合物的生成机理及水合物生长壳模型，并对水的“记忆效应”加以介绍，又重点将乳液含水率、粒径大小、搅拌速率、温压条件、油相及添加剂等诸多因素展开分析。最后指出，水合物的生成由各种因素协同作用影响，不可孤立分析，而油水乳液的多相流动也使问题更加复杂。目前对于乳液体系中甲烷水合物的影响因素及原理认识尚未成熟，需要进一步的研究与讨论。

关键词: 甲烷, 水合物, 乳液, 管道, 影响因素

Abstract: In the process of oil and gas extraction and transportation,the hydrate which formed by high pressure and low temperature conditions,affected the normal operation of the pipeline,and might cause safety accidents. With the development of hydrate inhibition and anti-blocking technology,the formation of methane hydrate in the emulsion system has become the research focus. To grasp the formation rule of methane hydrate in oil-water emulsion system,and understand the factors that affect the formation of methane hydrate,and provide a paradigm shift to suppress the formation of hydrate in the high-pressure oil and submarine pipelines,this paper summaried the mechanism of methane hydrate formation in the emulsion system and the model of hydrate growth shell. The concept of the "memory effect" of water was introduced. The effects of emulsion water content,particle size,stirring rate,temperature and pressure conditions,oil phase,additives and many other factors on the formation of hydrate were analyzed. Finally,it is pointed out that the formation of hydrate is affected by various factors which are interrelated and can not be analyzed separately,and that the multiphase flow of oil-water emulsion also makes the problems much more complicated. At present,the influencing factors and principle of methane hydrate in emulsion system are not fully understood and further studies are needed.

Key words: methane, hydrate, emulsion, pipeline, influencing factors

中图分类号:

TE89

潘振, 王喆, 商丽艳, 张亮, 李文昭, 李萍. 油水乳液体系中甲烷水合物生成研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(12): 4392-4402.

PAN Zhen, WANG Zhe, SHANG Liyan, ZHANG Liang, LI Wenzhao, LI Ping. Research progress on methane hydrate formation in oil and water emulsion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(12): 4392-4402.

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