新型循环流化床反应器研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0175

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开发新型循环流化床反应器始终是流态化领域研究的热点。本文首先简介了循环流态化的基本原理以及床层内部流体动力学特性，然后从装置构型、操作工况、流动特性以及应用前景等方面综述了近年来新型循环流化床反应器技术的研究进展，并对其进行了系统分类：高密度循环流化床和循环湍动流化床在实现提升管增浓的基础上，极大地改善了流化床体系中明显的不均匀时空流动结构，但是各有弊端，例如高密度循环流化床（HDCFB）中颗粒沿径向混合有很大的梯度，循环湍动流化床（CTFB）中存在强烈的轴向返混以及颗粒停留时间较长，且两者整体偏低的颗粒浓度进一步限制了其在两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯（TMP）等生产低碳烯烃工艺的应用；变径提升管反应器、内循环型提升管反应器以及多流型提升管反应器等新型反应器将提升管高效的气力输送特性与密相床内较高的颗粒浓度、高效的热质传递等优点相互耦合，在提升管内既能实现高密度输送又能形成均匀的流动结构，消除反应环境对产品分布的影响。最后指出，新型循环流化床的研究应从改善流动结构、发展优化组合技术以及建立统一流动模型3个方面着手。

关键词: 循环流化床, 反应器, 流体动力学, 流动

Abstract: The development of novel circulating fluidized bed(CFB)reactors has always been the hot issue in the field of fluidization. This paper first began with a brief introduction of basic principles of circulating fluidization and gas-solids hydrodynamics in CFB reactors,and then the recent advances on the study of novel CFB reactors were reviewed in terms of geometric structure,operation conditions,flow behavior and application prospect etc. Existing novel CFB reactors were also classified. Based on achieving the increase of solids concentration of risers,high density circulating fluidized bed(HDCFB)reactors and circulating turbulent fluidized bed(CTFB)reactors greatly improve the evidently non-uniform spatial and temporal flow structure. However,there are some disadvantages for each reactor,with a large radial gradient of solids holdup in HDCFBs and intensive axial solids backmixing as well as long particles residence time in CTFBs. Moreover,the overall low solids concentration of both reactors further restrict their application in low carbon olefin production process. Coupling effective transportation characteristics of risers with the advantages of high solid concentration as well as efficient heat and mass transfer in dense beds,novel CFB reactors like diameter-changing riser reactors,internal-loop fluidized bed reactors,and multi-regime circulating fluidized bed reactors can achieve high density transportation and develop a uniform flow structure,eliminating effects of reaction environment on final product distribution. Finally,the review proposed that the research on novel CFB reactors should put emphasis on improving gas-solids flow structure,developing optimized integration technologies and establishing unified flow model.

Key words: circulating fluidized bed, reactors, hydrodynamics, flow

中图分类号:

TQ051
TQ052

苏鲁书, 朱晴晴, 刘丙超, 李春义. 新型循环流化床反应器研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(09): 3177-3188.

SU Lushu, ZHU Qingqing, LIU Bingchao, LI Chunyi. Progress in the study of novel circulating fluidized bed reactors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(09): 3177-3188.

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