生物质快速热解装置研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当今化石能源日渐枯竭和环境压力日益加重是亟待解决的问题，而生物质热解液化技术被认为是解决能源紧张的潜在方法，尤其是生物质快速热解技术。随着生物质快速热解技术与工艺不断成熟，需要快速热解装置不断放大以提高处理量，以实现生物质快速热解的工业化。生物质快速热解装置复杂且多样化，在装置的放大过程中，各系统的合理选择是难点。本文首先对生物质热解机理、快速热解过程的粒径选择和前处理进行了简述，并对快速热解流程中的进料系统、供能系统、热解反应器和快速冷凝系统4个关键系统进行了综述，着重介绍了快速热解反应器的类型及其特点，提供了该4个关键系统的选择及研究趋势。流化床反应器具有易放大、可以较好地实现自热式快速热解的优点，本文总结出流化床式反应器是目前研究的热点。在保证产品品质下，设备易放大、稳定实现自热式、流程能耗低、运行稳定安全等是快速热解装置未来的研究方向。

关键词: 生物质, 快速热解装置, 流化床反应器, 自热式

Abstract: Nowadays,the increasing depletion of fossil energy and increasing environmental pressure are urgent problems to be solved,and biomass pyrolysis technology is considered a potential solution to the energy shortage,especially fast pyrolysis technology. With biomass fast pyrolysis technology continuing to mature,fast pyrolysis equipment needs to continuously enlarge to increase treatment capacity,so as to realize industrialization. Because biomass fast pyrolysis equipment is complex and various,the rational choice of each system was difficult in the scale up process. This paper reviewed the pyrolysis mechanism,the particle size selection,pretreatment,four key systems including the feeding system,the energy supply system,the pyrolysis reactor,and the fast condensation system in the fast pyrolysis process,emphatically introducing the types and characteristics of the fast pyrolysis reactor. This paper provided the choices and research trends of the four key systems,and found out that the fluidized bed reactor was the first choice,because the fluidized bed reactor was easy amplification and can easily realize self-heating. In addition,to ensure the quality of products,the easily enlarging equipment,stable self-heating process,and low energy consumption,stable and safe operation is the future direction of research for fast pyrolysis.

Key words: biomass, fast pyrolysis equipment, fluidized bed reactor, self-heating

中图分类号:

高新源, 徐庆, 李占勇, 田玮, 张建国. 生物质快速热解装置研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(10): 3032-3041.

GAO Xinyuan, XU Qing, LI Zhanyong, TIAN Wei, ZHANG Jianguo. Progress in the study of biomass fast pyrolysis equipment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(10): 3032-3041.

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