生物表面活性剂驱油研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 第三次采油技术的发展促进了表面活性剂在油田生产中成熟而稳定的应用。与化学合成表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂具有无毒等优势,在近些年呈现出热点研究态势,部分成果业已得到应用。本文从生物表面活性剂的驱油机理、纯化、应用3个方面进行论述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。在驱油机理方面,主要通过降低油水界面张力、乳化残油以及润湿性反转3种作用,保障开采后期的油藏采收率。在纯化方面,单一方法制备生物表面活性剂技术已经较为成熟,但这些方法均具有一定局限性;采用两种或多种方法联用,既可以降低纯化成本又可以提高产率,成为未来生物表面活性剂纯化技术的发展趋势。在应用方面,主要体现在与化学表面活性剂进行复配后定向注入油藏进行驱油;此外,近年来也开发出利用高效营养剂激活本源微生物,诱导其产生表面活性物质继而富集、驱油的新技术。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 驱油, 分离纯化, 润湿反转

Abstract: The development of the oil recovery technique for the third generation has greatly promoted the stable application of surfactant oil displacement in oil field production. Compared with the chemically synthesized surfactant, biosurfactants has the outstanding advantage of being non-toxic, which has been extensively studied and applied. The objectives of this paper are to expound the displacement mechanism, the purification and the biological application of surfactant oil displacement, and to prospect the future development of the biosurfactants. Regarding the oil displacement mechanism, the exploitation of the late reservoir recovery efficiency would be guaranteed mainly through reducing the oil-water interfacial tension, emulsifying oil residue, and enhancing the wettability reversal. As for purification, single method preparation of biosurfactants is relatively mature, yet with certain limitations, therefore, the combinations of two or more methods would be the future trend for biosurfactants' purification technology by lowering the cost and improving the productivity. In application, biosurfactants are compounded with chemical surfactant, and then directionally injected into reservoir for oil displacement. In addition, the use of efficient nutrition agent indigenous microbial activation has been developed in recent years, to induce the surface active substance so as to enrich and displace the reservoir oil.

Key words: surfactants, displacement of reservoir oil, separation and purification, wettability alteration

中图分类号:

X592
X172

张晓华, 姜岩, 岳希权, 张贤明. 生物表面活性剂驱油研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(07): 2033-2040.

ZHANG Xiaohua, JIANG Yan, YUE Xiquan, ZHANG Xianming. Progress in the research of displacement of reservoir oil by biosurfactants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(07): 2033-2040.

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