生物柴油新反应器及其应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物柴油是石化柴油的重要补充.用传统的搅拌釜和管式反应器制备生物柴油,存在反应速率慢、转化率低的问题.从提高反应速率和转化率两方面综述了生物柴油新反应器的研究进展.提高反应速率的反应器包括:微波反应器、空化反应器、旋转床反应器、振荡流反应器、高剪切反应器、静态反应器、微反应器和液液膜反应器.提高转化率的反应器包括:反应/分离器、反应蒸馏反应器和膜反应器.比较了它们的优势和缺陷.提出联合使用几种技术,将强化传质与分离技术进行有效整合,使反应器小型化并缩短工艺流程,以建立适应未来的生产效率高的便携式生物柴油厂.

关键词: 生物柴油, 反应器, 油脂

Abstract: Biodiesel is an important substitute for petrochemical diesel. When biodiesel is produced commercially by conventional stirred tank and tubular reactor,the reaction rate is slow and the conversion is low. In this paper,the advancement of novel biodiesel reactors with the improvement of reaction rate and conversion was reviewed. The reactors for the improvement of reaction rate include microwave reactor,cavitational reactor,rotating packed bed,oscillatory flow reactor,high shear reactor,static reactor,microreactor,and liquid-liquid film reactor. The reactors for the improvement of conversion include reactor/separator,reactive distillation,and membrane reactor. The advantages and disadvantages of these reactors were compared. And simultaneous application of several technologies was proposed to integrate effectively the intensification of mass transfer and separation technology,to miniaturize reactor and shorten process,and to establish high-productivity and portable factories for biodiesel in the future.

Key words: biodiesel, reactor, oils and fats

中图分类号:

TQ51

张家仁, 雪晶, 孙洪磊. 生物柴油新反应器及其应用[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(04): 911-920.

ZHANG Jiaren, XUE Jing, SUN Honglei. Novel biodiesel reactor and its application[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(04): 911-920.

参考文献

[1] Barnard T M,Leadbeater N E,Boucher M B,et al. Continuous-flow preparation of biodiesel using microwave heating[J]. Energy & Fuels,2007,21(3):1777-1781.
[2] Cintas P,Mantegna S,Gaudino E C,et al. A new pilot flow reactor for high-intensity ultrasound irradiation. Application to the synthesis of biodiesel[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2010,17(6):985-989.
[3] Ghayal D,Pandit A B,Rathod V K. Optimization of biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor using used frying oil[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2013,20(1):322-328.
[4] Chen Y H,Chang C Y,Huang Y H,et al. Method of increasing transesterification of oils:US,2008/01718891 A1[P]. 2008-07-17.
[5] Harvey A P,Mackley M R,Seliger T. Process intensification of biodiesel production using a continuous oscillatory flow reactor[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2003,78(2-3):338-341.
[6] Ondrey G. High-speed reactor will spin out biodiesel fuel[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2007,7:10.
[7] Frascari D,Zuccaro M,Pinelli D,et al. A pilot-scale study of alkali-catalyzed sunflower oil transesterification with static mixing and with mechanical agitation[J]. Energy & Fuels,2008,22(3):1493-1501.
[8] Wen Z,Yu X,Tu S-T,et al. Intensification of biodiesel synthesis using zigzag micro-channel reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(12):3054-3060.
[9] Narváez P,Sánchez F,Godoy-Silva R. Continuous methanolysis of palm oil using a liquid–liquid film reactor[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society,2009,86(4):343-352.
[10] Boucher M B,Weed C,Leadbeater N E,et al. Pilot scale two-phase continuous flow biodiesel production via novel laminar flow reactor- separator[J]. Energy & Fuels,2009,23(5):2750-2756.
[11] Qiu Z,Zhao L,Weatherley L. Process intensification technologies in continuous biodiesel production[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2010,49(4):323-330.
[12] Kiss A A. Heat-integrated reactive distillation process for synthesis of fatty esters[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(7):1288-1296.
[13] Cao P,Dubé M A,Tremblay A Y. Methanol recycling in the production of biodiesel in a membrane reactor[J]. Fuel,2008,87(6):825-833.
[14] Zhang S,Zu Y G,Fu Y J,et al. Rapid microwave-assisted transesterification of yellow horn oil to biodiesel using a heteropolyacid solid catalyst[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(3):931-936.
[15] Gole V L,Gogate P R. A review on intensification of synthesis of biodiesel from sustainable feed stock using sonochemical reactors[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2012,53:1-9.
[16] Kojima Y,Asakura Y,Sugiyama G,et al. The effects of acoustic flow and mechanical flow on the sonochemical efficiency in a rectangular sonochemical reactor[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2010,17(6):978-984.
[17] Kozyuk O. Apparatus and method for producing biodiesel from fatty acid feedstock:US,7754905 B2[P]. 2010-07-13.
[18] Kelkar M A,Gogate P R,Pandit A B. Intensification of esterification of acids for synthesis of biodiesel using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2008,15(3):188-194.
[19] Kelkar M A,Gogate P R,Pandit A B. Cavitation as a novel tool for process intensification of biodiesel synthesis[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors. Pune,India:2007.
[20] Hydro Dynamics,Inc. Shock wave power biodiesel reactor[EB/OL]. 2013. http://www.hydrodynamics.com/biodiesel-reactors/.
[21] Li Z H,Lin P H,Wu J,et al. A stirring packed-bed reactor to enhance the esterification–transesterification in biodiesel production by lowering mass-transfer resistance[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,234:9-15.
[22] Chen Y H,Huang Y H,Lin R H,et al. A continuous-flow biodiesel production process using a rotating packed bed[J]. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(2):668-673.
[23] Chen Y H,Huang Y H,Lin R H,et al. Biodiesel production in a rotating packed bed using K/γ-Al₂O₃ solid catalyst[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2011,42(6):937-944.
[24] Phan A N,Harvey A P,Rawcliffe M. Continuous screening of base-catalysed biodiesel production using new designs of mesoscale oscillatory baffled reactors[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(8):1560-1567.
[25] Syam A M,Yunus R,Ghazi T I,et al. Synthesis of Jatropha curcas oil-based biodiesel in a pulsed loop reactor[J]. Industrial Crops and Products,2012,37(1):514-519.
[26] Zheng M,Skelton R,Mackley M. Biodiesel reaction screening using oscillatory flow meso reactors[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2007,85(5):365-371.
[27] Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Biofuels[EB/OL].http://www.ceb.cam.ac.uk/pages/biofuels.html.
[28] Lodhar H,Jachuck R. Intensified biodiesel reaction using continuous rotating tube reactor technology[C]//Proceedings of the AIChE Annual Meeting,Salt Lake City,USA,2007.
[29] Da Silva N D L,Garnica J A,Batistella C B,et al. Use of experimental design to investigate biodiesel production by multiple-stage Ultra-Shear reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2672-2677.
[30] Da Silva N D L,Batistella C B,Maciel Filho R,et al. Comparative study of biodiesel production from soybean oil and coconut oil using a multiple-stage ultra shear reactor[J]. Chemical Engineering,2011,25:857.
[31] Kreido Laboratories. The STT® System[EB/OL]. 2007. http:// www.kreido.com/downloads/ps_stt_tech.pdf.
[32] Thompson J,He B. Biodiesel production using static mixers[J]. Transactions of the ASABE,2007,50(1):161-165.
[33] Avellaneda F,Salvadó J. Continuous transesterification of biodiesel in a helicoidal reactor using recycled oil[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(1):83-91.
[34] Santacesaria E,Di Serio M,Tesser R,et al. Use of a corrugated plates heat exchanger reactor for obtaining biodiesel with very high productivity[J]. Energy & Fuels,2009,23(10):5206-5212.
[35] Sun J,Ju J,Ji L,et al. Synthesis of biodiesel in capillary microreactors[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(5):1398-1403.
[36] Kalu E E,Chen K S,Gedris T. Continuous-flow biodiesel production using slit-channel reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(6):4456-4461.
[37] Santacesaria E,Di Serio M,Tesser R,et al. A simple device to test biodiesel process intensification[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2011,50(10):1085-1094.
[38] Santacesaria E,Di Serio M,Tesser R,et al. Biodiesel process intensification in a very simple microchannel device[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2012,52:47-54.
[39] Sun P,Wang B,Yao J,et al. Fast synthesis of biodiesel at high throughput in microstructured reactors[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2009,49(3):1259-1264.
[40] Yu X,Wen Z,Lin Y,et al. Intensification of biodiesel synthesis using metal foam reactors[J]. Fuel,2010,89(11):3450-3456.
[41] Kraai G,Schuur B,Van Zwol F,et al. Novel highly integrated biodiesel production technology in a centrifugal contactor separator device[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,154(1):384-389.
[42] He B,Singh A,Thompson J. Novel continuous flow reactor using reactive distillation technique for biodiesel production[J]. Trans. ASABE,2006,49(1):107-112.
[43] He B,Singh A,Thompson J. Experimental optimization of a continuous-flow reactive distillation reactor for biodiesel production[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2005,48(6) :2237-2243.
[44] He B,Singh A,Thompson J. Function and performance of a pre-reactor to a reactive distillation column for biodiesel production[J]. Transactions of the ASABE,2007,50(1):123-128.
[45] Cho H J,Kim S H,Hong S W,et al. A single step non-catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) for biodiesel production[J]. Fuel,2012,93:373-380.
[46] Shu Q,Zhang Q,Xu G,et al. Preparation of biodiesel using s-MWCNT catalysts and the coupling of reaction and separation[J]. Food and Bioproducts Processing,2009,87(3):164-170.
[47] Dimian A C,Bildea C S,Omota F,et al. Innovative process for fatty acid esters by dual reactive distillation[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering,2009,33(3):743-750.
[48] Castanheiro J,Ramos A,Fonseca I,et al. Esterification of acetic acid by isoamylic alcohol over catalytic membranes of poly (vinyl alcohol) containing sulfonic acid groups[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2006,311:17-23.
[49] Guerreiro L,Castanheiro J,Fonseca I,et al. Transesterification of soybean oil over sulfonic acid functionalised polymeric membranes[J]. Catalysis Today,2006,118(1):166-171.
[50] Cao P,Tremblay A Y,Dubé M A,et al. Effect of membrane pore size on the performance of a membrane reactor for biodiesel production[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2007,46(1):52-58.
[51] Atadashi I,Aroua M,Abdul Aziz A,et al. Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology:A critical review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2011,15(9):5051-5062.