煤化工废水中油、酚、氨回收研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0547

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤化工废水水量大，水质复杂，化学需氧量（COD）最高可达30000mg/L，是一种典型的处理难度高的工业废水。油类物质、酚类物质以及氨氮是煤化工废水中污染物质的主要组成成分，其最高浓度分别可达10000mg/L、9000mg/L、4000mg/L。如果不回收，则造成资源的严重浪费。因此，油类物质、酚类物质以及氨氮的有效回收是实现煤化工废水无害化处理不容忽视的问题。本文主要从油类物质、酚类物质、氨氮的回收技术与工艺3个方面梳理了国内外煤化工废水中油类物质、酚类物质以及氨氮的回收现状，并对各类技术的优缺点进行了对比和分析，其目的是让该领域的研究人员以更加科学的方法了解煤化工废水中油类物质、酚类物质以及氨氮的研究现状与发展趋势。最后基于节能、高效、持续健康的发展理念，探讨了未来煤化工废水中油类物质、酚类物质以及氨氮回收的前景。

关键词: 煤化工废水, 回收, 油类物质, 酚类物质, 氨氮, 进展

Abstract:

The amount of wastewater from coal chemical industry is large and the water quality is complex with the highest COD of 30000mg/L. This typical industrial wastewater is difficult to be treated. The main pollutant constituents in coal chemical wastewater are oily substances, phenolic substances, and ammonia nitrogen and their highest concentrations can reach 10000mg/L, 9000mg/L, and 4000mg/L, respectively. It will cause a serious waste of resources if they are not recycled. Therefore, the effective recovery of oil, phenols, and ammonia nitrogen is a significantly ignored issue for realizing the harmless treatment of coal chemical wastewater. This review summarizes the current status of the recovery technologies for oily substances, phenolic substances, and ammonia nitrogen in coal chemical wastewater from three aspects, including oily substance recovery technologies, phenolic substance recovery technologies, and ammonia nitrogen recovery technologies. Furthermore, various technologies in terms of their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed for the understanding on the research status and development trend of oily substances, phenolic substances, and ammonia nitrogen recovery technologies in coal chemical wastewater. Finally, based on the development concepts of energy saving, high efficiency, and sustainable health, the recovery prospects of oily substances, phenolic substances, and ammonia nitrogen are discussed.

Key words: coal chemical wastewater, recovery, oily substance, phenolic substance, ammonia nitrogen, advance

中图分类号:

X 703

刘兴社, 刘永军, 刘喆, 李鹏飞, 张婷婷, 孙小琴. 煤化工废水中油、酚、氨回收研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 1048-1057.

Xingshe LIU, Yongjun LIU, Zhe LIU, Pengfei LI, Tingting ZHANG, Xiaoqin SUN. Research advances on recovery of oil, phenols, and ammonia in coal chemical wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 1048-1057.

图/表 11

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项目	数值
COD/mg·L^-1	15000~30000
pH	8~10
BOD/mg·L^-1	3000~4000
NH₃-N/mg·L^-1	3000~5000
挥发酚/mg·L^-1	2000~4000
油类/mg·L^-1	500~1000
色度/倍	100000

项目	数值
COD/mg·L^-1	15000~30000
pH	8~10
BOD/mg·L^-1	3000~4000
NH₃-N/mg·L^-1	3000~5000
挥发酚/mg·L^-1	2000~4000
油类/mg·L^-1	500~1000
色度/倍	100000

项目	数值
COD/mg·L^-1	20000~30000
pH	8~10
脂肪酸/mg·L^-1	2000~3500
NH₃-N/mg·L^-1	3000~9000
挥发酚/mg·L^-1	2900~3900
不挥发酚/mg·L^-1	1600~3600
硫化氢/mg·L^-1	50~200

项目	数值
COD/mg·L^-1	20000~30000
pH	8~10
脂肪酸/mg·L^-1	2000~3500
NH₃-N/mg·L^-1	3000~9000
挥发酚/mg·L^-1	2900~3900
不挥发酚/mg·L^-1	1600~3600
硫化氢/mg·L^-1	50~200

工艺	主要特点	处理效果	参考文献
phenosolvan-CLL工艺	酚回收单元在氨回收单元之前；萃取剂酚为DIPE，采用逆流萃取技术	单元酚含量小于20μg/g，多元酚萃取率达到85%，总萃取率大于99%；游离氨含量小于50μg/g，COD含量小于3000mg/L	付国忠等^[39]
去除酸性气体-酚-氨的双塔工艺	酚回收单元在氨回收单元之前；先脱去酸性气体，接着萃取，最后在碱性条件下脱氨；萃取剂采用DIPE	进水水质：挥发酚2900~3900mg/L；非挥发性酚类1600~3600mg/L，挥发性氨3000~9000mg/L；非挥发性氨1500~4000mg/L；COD 20000~30000mg/L。	Yu等^[40]
去除酸性气体-酚-氨的双塔工艺	酚回收单元在氨回收单元之前；先脱去酸性气体，接着萃取，最后在碱性条件下脱氨；萃取剂采用DIPE	出水水质：挥发酚>600mg/L；非挥发性酚类 >600mg/L，挥发性氨50~100mg/L；非挥发性氨200~300mg/L；COD>6000mg/L	Yu等^[40]
去除酸性气体-氨-酚的单塔工艺	氨回收单元在酚回收单元之前；废水分两股进脱酸塔；萃取在酸性条件下进行；萃取剂为DIPE	进水水质：总酚4800~6500mg/L；总氨6000~10000mg/L；COD 20000mg/L。	Yu等^[40]
去除酸性气体-氨-酚的单塔工艺	氨回收单元在酚回收单元之前；废水分两股进脱酸塔；萃取在酸性条件下进行；萃取剂为DIPE	出水水质：总酚800~900mg/L；总氨<200mg/L；COD<4000mg/L	Yu等^[40]
基于低压蒸汽的酚氨回收工艺	以去除酸性气体-氨-苯酚的单塔工艺为基础进行优化；利用双塔完成氨的汽提与浓缩；在低压条件下汽提氨（0.1~0.3MPa)，在中压条件下（0.4~0.5MPa），将富含氨的水再次汽提进行浓缩；全过程对中压流的要求显著减少	苯酚、总酚和COD的浓度分别降低至约15mg/L、240mg/L和小于2400mg/L。另外，新工艺实施后，总蒸汽的消耗量减少约20kg，在处理1t废水时，超过170kg的中压蒸汽可以用低压蒸汽来代替	Gai等^[2]
基于热集成的酚氨回收工艺	以去除酸性气体-氨-苯酚的单塔工艺为基础进行优化；热集成了脱酸汽提塔和溶剂回收塔；酸性水汽提塔中部脱出的氨气作为热源与溶剂蒸馏塔和溶剂汽提塔进行热交换	出水酸性气体、氨、酚的浓度均可达到排放标准；与传统的去除酚-氨单塔工艺相比，运行成本费用可减少34%，年消费可节约30.8%	Gai等^[41]