Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

Research progress of high gravity technology of IS-RPB to intensify liquid-liquid contact

LIU Youzhi

2009, 28(7): 1101.

Abstract ( 2570 )

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Impinging Stream - Rotating Packed Bed (IS-RPB) as a new study field for high gravity to intensify process of liquid-liquid contact and its process mechanism are presented. The mixing process and its principle as well as experimental effect are introduced in particular. The mixing effect is contrasted between IS-RPB and general mixing sets. Based on IS-RPB separation application and contrast to general ways，the basic research and application study for liquid–liquid extraction and liquid membrane separation are discussed. According to chemical reaction engineering，IS-RPB is a feasible reactor for liquid–liquid two phase reaction，and it，as a reactor，can be used to prepare ultra-fine powder. The development direction and progress of IS-RPB are prospected.

Research progress of mass transfer models for pervaporation

YOU Tao，CHEN Longxiang，LI Bo，ZHANG Qingwen，HONG Housheng

2009, 28(7): 1109.

Abstract ( 2105 )

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Pervaporation is a green，highly efficient technology of membrane separation．In order to develop the ideal membrane of pervaporation，the mass transfer mechanism for pervaporation becomes a research focus．This paper reviews several models and theories of the mass transfer process for pervaporation，including conventional and modified solution-diffusion model，pore flow model，Maxwell-Stephan theory，and molecular simulation．The characteristics and applicability of the models are compared．And the application status of the models and theories are also introduced．The research progress of the models is discussed．

Progress of vibratory shear enhanced process membrane filtration

LÜ Sihao，ZHANG Zhaotian，CAI Xunjiang，FAN Hongbo

2009, 28(7): 1115.

Abstract ( 3189 )

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This paper reviews the module types，calculation of membrane surface shear rates，domestic and overseas research advances in vibratory shear enhanced membrane filtration process. The advantages and drawbacks of the process are analyzed. The application of ceramic membrane and development of new dynamic filtration modules are suggested as potential strategies to solve the drawbacks of the systems. Moreover，it is proposed that more attention should be paid to developing the basic theory and instruments for vibratory shear enhanced membrane filtration process in China.

Planning and scheduling under uncertainty in process industry

LI Zukui，Marianthi Ierapetritou，XUE Meisheng

2009, 28(7): 1122.

Abstract ( 1929 )

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Planning and scheduling optimization plays an important role in process industry，however various uncertainties reduce the effectiveness of ‘optimal’ plan or schedule obtained through the deterministic model，which tend to be suboptimal or even infeasible in the uncertain environment. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research of planning and scheduling under uncertainty in process industry. The challenge and development trend in this field are also presented.

Experimental study of blockage in condensation heat exchanger during biomass pyrolysis

XU Jin，ZHANG Jun，WEI Xinli

2009, 28(7): 1129.

Abstract ( 2021 )

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During the pyrolysis process with sawdust as the biomass material，there always occurs serious blockage in heat exchanger for condensation，which influences the collection of bio-oil. Through analyzing the change characteristics of bio-oil viscosity and substances of blockage in the inner tube of heat exchanger，the substance which caused the condenser blockage was the formation of fouling by the heavier components with boiling point about 250℃，which trapped the unseparated char particles in pyrolysis gas. While condensate dropped down along the inner wall of tubes by gravity，surface condensation caused an increase of bio-oil viscosity and meanwhile sticking with fouling particles，so that the thickness of fouling increased gradually，leading to the blockage of tubes.

Effect of gel heat-treatment regime on morphology and hydrophilicity of Fe-TiO2 thin film

ZHANG Feng，DONG Rulin，MA Li，CHEN Zhidong

2009, 28(7): 1134.

Abstract ( 2367 )

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Biomimetic Fe-TiO2 films were prepared by the sol gel method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore direction agent. The thermal decomposition behavior of the gel film was analyzed by TG-DSC. The effect of the gel heat-treatment regime on the morphology，phase and hydrophilicity of the film was investigated by scanning electron microscope，X-ray diffraction and contact goniometer，respectively. The results showed that a constant temperature regime produced a continuous film with well-distributed 2—5 μm spherical pores，while a temperature programming regime formed a well-distributed about 100μm sunflower-like spots on the film surface. Amorphous and anatase films could be obtained by using no ageing precursor sol and aged sol at 80℃ for 8h，respectively. Doping Fe3+ and forming pores could remarkablely increase the hydrophilicity of the TiO2 film. Furthermore，hydrophilicity of the film produced by the constant temperature regime was superior to that of the film produced by the temperature programming regime.

Experimental study on enhancing ammonia bubble absorption by FeO nanofluid

LIU Hui，WU Weidong，SHENG Wei，HONG Huanxi

2009, 28(7): 1138.

Abstract ( 2554 )

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The stable FeO nanofluid was prepared in this work. The ammonia bubble absorption experiments for FeO nanofluid-based solution and water-based solution were carried out and compared under the two different conditions of constant flow flux and constant inlet pressure of ammonia gas，respectively. The results showed that the absorption effect of ammonia was enhanced by the prepared FeO nanofluid. At a constant flow rate of ammonia gas，the enhanced absorption effect was not observed until several minutes later from the beginning of the absorption process. Under the condition of constant inlet pressure，the absorption effect was observed immediately at the very beginning of the absorption process. The possible reasons for the above enhancement phenomenon were also given.

Exergy-economics based method about optimal temperature difference in heat-exchanger

HUA Ben，WU Hao，LIU Erheng

2009, 28(7): 1142.

Abstract ( 2396 )

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Heat exchanger design is one of the most important parts of process design and integration. The value of heat transfer temperature difference ΔT greatly affect the trade-off between investment and energy-saving, which deponds upon the ratio of energy price / equipment price. This paper studied and developed the thermal exergy pricing method and heat exchanger costing method according to exergo-economic theory. Based on these, futher developed the mathematical model of optimal temperature difference ΔTopt of heat transfer, as well as the cerresponding computer aided optimal design software. The application shows that the design which takes ΔTopt can result in much higher energy efficiency and economic benefits.

Optimal design of water network based on water source-sink matching constraint

WANG Hui，YAN Liexiang，CHEN Yulin，LUO Zhi

2009, 28(7): 1147.

Abstract ( 1934 )

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The mixed integer linear programming model was established with the water source-sink matching as the constraint. To solve this model, the matrix of the source and sink matching was gradually adjusted, and the mixed-integer programming problem was transformed into a multi-step linear programming problem. The optimization method proposed in this paper, under the same conditions of the minimum amount of fresh water, was able to obtain a better water-using network with fewer matches, simpler structure and less investment costs. Two examples were given to verify this method.

Advance in liquid fuel synthesis from organic wastes

YUAN Haoran，CHEN Xinde，CHEN Yong

2009, 28(7): 1151.

Abstract ( 1956 )

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The common methods of direct liquefaction for making liquid fuels，indirect liquefaction for making low-carbon alcohol，F-T synthesis and others were summarized. By investigating specific technical parameters，and reviewing key technologies and problems，the choice of technical route choice and the technical parameters and direction of development were discussed. The solutions to the existing problems of each process were proposed by integrating matured related technologies in chemical industry and new ideas of technical route for organic waste utilization were presented. Finally，the technology and economics of liquid fuel synthesis from organic wastes were propspected.

Development of effluent separation technologies for olefin catalytic cracking to propylene

LI Lixin，LIU Changxu，XU Guohui，YANG Linlin

2009, 28(7): 1159.

Abstract ( 1816 )

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The effluent distribution features of olefin catalytic cracking are analyzed. The principles for the design of effluent separation process for olefin catalytic cracking to propylene are proposed according to the effluent distribution features. Typical separation processes from major chemical companies are reviewed.

Experimental invesitigation on heat pipe cooling effect for power battery

ZHANG Guoqing，WU Zhongjie，RAO Zhonghao，FU Lipeng

2009, 28(7): 1165.

Abstract ( 1749 )

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Based on the analysis of heat generation behavior of power battery in a large current discharge mode，a thermal management system using heat pipe as cooling unit was designed and built. The variation tendency of temperature for the power batteries in the module were investigated during the battery discharge process by using natural and forced convection air cooling as well as heat pipe cooling. The results indicated that MH-Ni power battery equipped with heat pipe had an effective cooling result.This system ensured battery pack meet the optimal operating temperature range and realize the uniform temperature distribution in the module. Compared with the natural and forced convection air cooling，the heat pipe cooling battery pack discharged at a current of 3728 mAh could decrease the temperature rise by 10 ℃ approximately and the temperature could be kept below 43 ℃ after eight-minutes discharging.

Catalytic steam reforming of dimethyl ether for hydrogen production

ZHANG Xiaofang，LI Ping ，XIONG Ganghua ，ZHOU Xinggui，WANG Xiaolei，REN Kewei

2009, 28(7): 1169.

Abstract ( 1948 )

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The activity and stability of hydrolysis of dimethyl ether over HZSM-5 molecular sieve at different temperatures under a space velocity as high as 18000 mL/gcat·h were investigated. The effect of Si/Al ratio on the properties of HZSM-5 during hydrolysis was studied. The results showed that HZSM-5 exhibited high activity for the hydrolysis of dimethyl ether but easily lost its activity due to coke formation at low Si/Al ratios or at high temperatures. For the process of steam reforming of dimethyl ether，a composite catalyst consisting of HZSM-5-50 (Si/Al ratio is 50) and self-synthesized Cu-Zn-Al (mole ratio is 3∶5∶2) catalyst was prepared simply by mechanical mixing. The dimethyl ether conversion and H₂ selectivity over the composite catalysts with different weight ratios of two components were measured. In addition，the influence of space velocity of feed gas on the process was examined as well. The results showed that the composite catalyst (the weight ratio of Cu-Zn-Al to HZSM-5-50 1∶1) could maintain its catalytic properties for a relatively long time during the reaction at 275 °C and space velocity of 18 000 mL/gcat·h. The maximum H₂ yield around 54% could be obtained while the space velocity was controlled at an appropriate level，near 4000 mL/gcat·h.

Advance in catalysts for synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of phenol

ZHAO Qiang，MENG Shuangming，LI Zhong，GUO Yong，WANG Junli，FAN Yueqin

2009, 28(7): 1175.

Abstract ( 1713 )

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The recent advance in catalysts for synthesizing diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of phenol，including homogeneous and supported catalysts was reviewed. The present situation and problems of these catalysts were also discussed，and it was emphasized that the solid-phase catalysis would be a direction of development.

Catalytic hydro-chlorination of acetylene：analysis and improvement of non-mercuric homogenous system

HUO Yupeng，LUO Qin，YANG Qin，JIANG Wenwei，LUO Yun

2009, 28(7): 1182.

Abstract ( 1772 )

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A non-mercuric homogenous system for hydro-chlorination of acetylene，which comprised PtCl4，81-R and 1-chlorododecane was prepared. The system was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The active component was the ion-association complex [PtCl6]2-[RNH3]2+，and the reaction mechanism on this catalyst system was proposed. The performance of different applications with multiple catalyst promoters was compared through orthogonal experiments. The results showed that when the concentration of Pt+ was 0.005mol/L，the average conversion in the first 20 hours could be more than 80%，with the selectivity above 99%.

Preparation and application of hyperbranched unsaturated resin

ZHANG Daohong，ZHOU Zihu，JIA Demin，ZHANG Aiqing

2009, 28(7): 1187.

Abstract ( 1723 )

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The methods for preparing hyperbranched unsaturated resin were introduced，including radical alterating copolymerization，polycondensation，addition polymerization. Their application，such as coating，binder，photo-curing resin，polymer model and textile finishing agent were summarized and analyzed.

Progress in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material for lithium-ion battery

YE Yongqing，XIAO Xinyan，WAN Caixia

2009, 28(7): 1192.

Abstract ( 2152 )

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Layered structure LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite compound is considered as a promising candidate of new-generation cathode materials to replace LiCoO2 for rechargeable lithium ion batteries due to its higher capacity，longer cycle life，lower cost and no harm to environment. The structure characteristics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and its electrochemistry properties were introduced. And then the synthesis methods this kind of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were summarized. Anion ion doping，cation ion doping，complex ions and surface modification for cathode materials were discussed. Some problems in this cathode material research and development were presented，the and its future trend of lithium ion batteries cathode materials was forecasted.

Advances in research on surface modification of paclitaxel-polylactide nanoparticles

QIU Di，ZHU Hong

2009, 28(7): 1198.

Abstract ( 2242 )

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Paclitaxel-poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have the capability of targeting，and controlled，sustained release of paclitaxel. This review summarizes the current preparation，with an emphasis on surface modification of paclitaxel-PLA/ PLGA nanoparticles，and their characteristics. Future development and further improvement of paclitaxel-PLA/ PLGA nanoparticles are also discussed.

Progress of synthesis of biomedical polymer materials via living/controlled polymerization

ZHAO Yangfeng，MA Lifu，HUANG Qigu，YANG Wantai

2009, 28(7): 1202.

Abstract ( 2141 )

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This paper reviews the preparation of biomedical polymer materials via living / controlled polymerization，including living free radical polymerization，living anionic polymerization，living cationic polymerization，and living coordination polymerization. They are used as non-viral gene delivery system，nanocarrier，medical carrier，artificial lung membrane，and so on. The trend of biomedical polymer materials in the future is also prospected.

Research progress of EVAL microporous membranes via immersion precipitation

CAI Ying;LI Jianxin;ZHANG Yuzhong;GUO Yugao

2009, 28(7): 1208.

Abstract ( 1885 )

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Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)(EVAL) with functional groups has gained more attention in recent years，especially in biological and biomedical applications. This article introduces the formation mechanism of EVAL membranes via immersion precipitation and the effects of the initial concentration of EVAL，additives，non-solvents，coagulation temperature and evaporation condition on the membrane properties. The development of EVAL microporous membrane is also summarized.

Advances in preparation of ethylene glycol from synthesis gas via oxalate esters

WANG Jianping，YANG Wenshu，LÜ Jianning

2009, 28(7): 1216.

Abstract ( 1735 )

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Ethylene glycol prepared from synthesis gas via oxalate esters can ease the dependence on the foreign market, which conforms to the situation of resources in china. Advances in the preparation of oxalate esters by carbon monoxide coupling reaction in the presence of catalysts and in the hydrogenation of oxalate esters were summarized and analyzed. At present, the process for the synthesis of oxalate esters via carbon monoxide is mature, but there are still some problems in the life of catalysts for the hydrogenation of oxalate esters, which need to be researched further.

Investigation of properties of NR/SBR/OMMT nanocomposites

LI Peiyao，SONG Guojun，SUN Liangdong，WANG Li，YANG Xiaoyu，GAO Zhenbin

2009, 28(7): 1222.

Abstract ( 1789 )

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NR/SBR/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared from different types of OMMT by two-roll compounding. Mechanical properties of the composites were measured in order to find out the optimal type of OMMT. The NR/SBR/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared with various OMMT contents. The results showed that the tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposites were improved by 90% and 63% with 3 phr of OMMT. Its submicroscopic structure was characterized by TEM and XRD. The results showed that the exfoliated NR/SBR/OMMT nanocomposites of uniform dispersion were prepared. The outstanding performance of the OMMT in the tire formulation showed that the OMMT had a good prospect in the tire industry.

Preparation and properties of urethane-modified fatty amine used as waterborne epoxy curing agents based on oil and fat

LI Mei，XIA Jianling，DING Haiyang，HUANG Kun

2009, 28(7): 1226.

Abstract ( 1916 )

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A series of novel urethane-modified fatty amine used as waterborne epoxy curing agents based on oil and fat were prepared from polyamines and isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer synthesized from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (OE-6) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI).The optimum reaction conditions of prepolymer were as follows：the mixture of TDI and OE-6 in molar ratio 1.05∶1，at 45 ℃ for 2.5 h. The condition of polyamines extending chains were as follows：the mixture of polyamine and oligomers in molar ratio 1.2∶1，reaction temperature 40 ℃. After 3 h most of solvent was removed from the adduct，distilled water was continuously added to the adduct at 50—60 ℃ until solids content becomes 50%—55%，then urethane-modified fatty amine was synthesized. The structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR and 13C-NMR. The particle size analysis suggested that it could emulsify liquid epoxy resin. The properties of the two-component film of the urethane-modified fatty amine and liquid epoxy resin were measured，with flexibility 1mm，pencil hardness 3H，impact resistance 50 kg/cm.

Antibacterial action and properties of lysozyme immobilized on wool catalyzed by MTG

HUANG Dong，FAN Xuerong，CUI Li，WANG Qiang，WANG Ping

2009, 28(7): 1231.

Abstract ( 2745 )

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A new biocatalyst microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was used to immobilize lysozyme on wool fabrics. In this process, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to verify that MTG can catalyze lysozyme. Besides, the enzymology characteristics and antibacterial performance of immobilized lysozyme was discussed. The result showed that lysozyme could be immobilized on wool pretreated by potassium permanganate. Compared with free lysozyme, the immobilized enzyme showed better stability to pH and temperature. Lysozyme immobilized on wool catalyzed by MTG had better washing and operational stability than that immobilized only by adsorption. In addition, storage stability of immobilized lysozyme was better in dry condition at 4 ℃, and the enzyme activity was over 80% in 30 days. The antibacterial test of the wool immobilized lysozyme showed inhibition percentage of staphylococcus aureus of 73.23%.

Kinetics of oxidation of Fe2+ in fixed-bed bioreactor for biodesulfurization

WEN Haocheng，HUANG Yajie，XIANG Hai，YANG Qian，YANG Qiuyan，ZHANG Yongkui

2009, 28(7): 1237.

Abstract ( 1633 )

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The rate of oxidation of ferrous iron in bio-oxidation reactor is the key factor constraining the entire biodesulfurizaion process. Wood chips of two different sizes were used as the immobiliazation carriers of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans，and the kinetics of oxidation of ferrous iron conducted by the biofilm was analyzed. According to the kinetic equation deduced，the data of ferrous iron concentration varying with reaction time was analyzed by the method of non-linear fitting. Thereby the reaction orders were obtained，when two different carriers worked respectively at the optimal aeration rate. And the relationship between the kinetic parameters and the aeration rate were investigated when wood chips (b) was used as the carrier. According to the reaction orders obtained and the data of conversion of ferrous iron varying with the dilution rate under continuous operation，the reaction rate constants in the kinetic equation deducted were obtained by the method of linear fitting as follows，0.9698 h－1·(g·L－1)0.1666、0.9042 h－1·(g·L－1)0.1135. The correlation coefficients between prediction model and experimental data were all higher than 0.99，indicating that the kinetic model was suitable for prediction.

Study on production of reducing sugars from bagasse by penicillium sp.L8

LUO Guangwen，LIAO Xiaoxiang，CHEN Mingqiang，LIANG Bing

2009, 28(7): 1241.

Abstract ( 1561 )

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A mould was selected from rotten wood and was identified to be a penicillium sp. The strain’s conditions for enzyme production and enzyme-catalyzed temperature were tested．Then orthogonal test showed the basic fermentation conditions was：bagasse microwave-alkali pretreatment time 160s, no addition of tween80, inoculation amount 10%，culture time 5d．The fermentation conditions were further optimized by single factor tests. Saccharification rate reached 41.8% under the optimal condition．The reducing sugars contained in the fermentation broth were preliminary identified to be glucose and xylose by TLC detection. The research results suggest it is worth further researching in the utilization of bagasse resource.

Progress of research and application of catalytic hydrogenation of 4,4′-methylenedianiline

DU Wenqiang，LÜ Lianhai

2009, 28(7): 1246.

Abstract ( 1799 )

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Recent technical and research progress of the catalytic hydrogenation of 4,4′-methylenedianiline is reviewed. The effects of different catalyst systems，reaction temperature，pressure，solvents as well as the type of reactors are discussed. Future direction of research and development and industrial application is proposed.

Application properties of starch sodium octenyl succinate

LIU Zhaoli，CAO Yafeng，XIE Weiyang，MA Xiaojun，YU Xingju

2009, 28(7): 1252.

Abstract ( 1753 )

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The application properties，such as apparent viscosity，surface activity，degradation induced by enzyme or radiation，and emulsion stability of starch sodium octenyl succinate (SSOS) were studied in order to provide some guidance for its application. The results indicated that the apparent viscosity of SSOS increased with the rise of its degree of substitution (DS)，and the preparation methods of SSOS solution affected its apparent viscosity greatly，i.e. the solutions diluted from thicker ones had a higher apparent viscosity than those gelated directly to the specific concentration. The higher the DS of SSOS，the more notable the difference. The surface activity of SSOS was enhanced with the rise of its DS，i.e. a higher DS meant a lower surface tension of the solution. SSOS could be degraded by both enzymes and γ-rays，but the degradation regularities were different. The rate of degradation decreased with the rise of DS during enzymatic degradation while increased with the rise of DS during radiation degradation induced by γ-rays. Then the orthogonal experiment was designed for obtaining the optimal emulsification conditions. The results showed that SSOS had excellent emulsification property，and the optimized emulsification condition was DS 0.050，the ratio of oil-SSOS solution 0.10 mL/mL，SSOS concentration 0.05 g/mL，stirring speed 700 r/min，and the temperature，because of its slight influence on emulsification，could be selected as needed.

Synthesis of tributyl citrate catalyzed by Ce(SO4)2·4H2O/ NH2SO3H

WEI Meng，JIANG Pingping，HUANG Shujuan，DU Xiaohan，LIU Weiwei

2009, 28(7): 1257.

Abstract ( 2228 )

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The technical condition of synthesis tributyl citrate by citric acid and butanol，with Ce(SO4)2·4H2O/ NH2SO3H as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions of esterification were determined as follows：molar ratio of butanol to citric acid 4.0∶1，amount of catalyst 1.5% (based on the mass of citric acid)，m[Ce(SO4)2·4H2O]∶m(NH2SO3H)=2∶1，reaction temperature 150℃，reaction time 7h，esterification yield could be up to 98.5%，and the purity of tributyl citrate was over 99.5%.

Study on PTC process to synthesize allyl resinate

LU Yanju，ZHAO Zhendong，CHEN Yuxiang，GU Yan，BI Liangwu

2009, 28(7): 1261.

Abstract ( 1698 )

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A phase transfer catalysis (PTC) reaction was studied to synthesize allyl resinate from sodium resinate and allyl chloride, in which the factors influencing the yield of the reaction, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type and dosage, amount of solvent and molar ratio were investigate. Under the optimum reaction conditions: reaction temperature 45 ℃, molar ratio of sodium resinate to allyl chloride 1∶2.5, amount of catalyst hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide 3% based on the sodium resinate, and reaction time 7 h, the yield of product was 90.2% with purity of 98.92% (GC). The structure of product was characterized by IR and GC-MS.

Ozone-hydrogen peroxide treatment of residual organic compounds in coking wastewater

ZHANG Fuzhong，GONG Yi，WU Yanlin，HE Fengmei，LUO Hanjin，WEI Chaohai

2009, 28(7): 1266.

Abstract ( 2085 )

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The coking wastewater which meets the discharge standard still contains a small quantity of organic compounds. A self-made cylindrical bubbling reactor was established by coupling the O3/H2O2 oxidation process was used to remove these residual compounds to realize industrial water reuse cycle. The effects of O3 concentration, H2O2 dosage, pH and free radical inhibitor were investigated. The results showed that when the environmental temperature, pH, O3 concentration and H2O2 dosage were 25℃, 7.0, 11.01 mg/L and 1.0 mmol/L respectively, the removal ratios of COD and UV254 were 78.1% and 83.7% for O3/H2O2 oxidation process, whereas the removal ratios were just 63.8% and 79.6% for O3 alone. The reaction process was affected by the acidity significantly. Tribenzyl amine (TBA) was added in the reaction liquid as a ·OH free radical inhibitor to confirm the oxidation mechanism. The aromatics removal was approximate during the first 15 min for the system with and without TBA. This result indicated that O3 was the dominating oxidant. 4 g/L TBA could inhibit the production of ·OH which meant nearly 20% oxidation was accomplished by ·OH. It was concluded that the complex components contained in the wastewater were oxidized according to the unsaturation of organic compounds and the redox potential of the oxidants.

Pretreatment of azithromycin wastewater

YANG Wenling，DONG Yarong，WANG Lidong，HUANG Qunxian，CHENG Jianfeng

2009, 28(7): 1271.

Abstract ( 1774 )

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Air stripping–Fe-C microelectrolysis–Fenton oxidation process was used to treat the azithromycin waste water with characteristics of high COD，high ammonia，heavy color，as well as high salt content，and a good result was obtained. The experimental results indicated that the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen reached 80% by air stripping when pH value was 11 to 12，stripping time was 20 h. When the reaction time for the microelectrolysis was 80 min and pH was 3 to 4，the removal rate of COD reached 45%. When the dosage of H2O2 (mass fraction 30%) to the microelectrolysis effluent was 30 mL/L，the removal rate of COD was increased to 89.6% by Fenton oxidation. After pretreatment of waste water，BOD5/COD was increased from 0.18 to 0.3，and the biodegradability of waste water was improved obviously.

Industrial application of SD-01 catalyst in YPC

XIA Zhongcai，ZHANG Saijun，LI Xucan

2009, 28(7): 1274.

Abstract ( 2092 )

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SD-01 shape-selective disproportionation catalyst was used in TSD (toluene shape-selective disproportionation) unit，Yangzi Petrochemical Co. Ltd. Half a year’s operation showed that toluene conversion ratio was 29%，PX/∑X=89%，(benzene+C₈A) yields was 97%，freezing point of benzene was 5.47℃. Such parameters as weight hourly space velocity，reaction temperature，reaction pressure and n(H₂)/n(HC) influenced the optimized operation of the unit greatly.

Study on C5 separation with reaction distillation

CHENG Jianmin，LI Xiaofeng，DU Chunpeng，LIAO Lihua，LI Dongfeng

2009, 28(7): 1278.

Abstract ( 2158 )

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On the basis of analysis of the present C₅separation process，a reaction distillation model was established in Aspen Plus with the kinetic data of isoprene，piperylene and cyclopentadiene. Simulation results showed that C₅separation with reaction distillation is feasible.

Separation of vindoline and catharanthine from catharanthus roseus by pH gradient extraction and alkaline aluminum oxide column chromatography

ZHANG Lin，YANG Lei，ZU Yuangang，TIAN Hao

2009, 28(7): 1282.

Abstract ( 1840 )

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Single indole alkaloids(containing vindoline and catharanthine) and double indole alkaloids (containing vinblastine) were separated from the total alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus by pH gradient extraction according to their different existing statuses under different pH values. The single indole alkaloids part was further isolated by alkaline aluminum oxide column chromatography. After the process of pH gradient extraction，the contents of vindoline and catharanthine are 18.12% and 11.44%，respectively，and their recoveries are 80.86% and 88.91%，respectively. After alkaline aluminum oxide column chromatography，the contents of vindoline and catharanthine are 85.56% and 76.73%，respectively，and their recoveries are 85.23% and 86.34%，respectively. After recrystallization，the contents of vindoline and catharanthine are 95.22% and 98.46%，and their recoveries are 92.15% and 98.24%, respectively. This process is suitable for large-scale industrial production of vindoline and catharanthine.