Bigger commercial plants of amine based post combustion carbon capture technologies were developed in Saskpower BD3 Unit, Estevan, SK, Canada.Even with this milestone in field of CO₂ capture industry, there are still many technological difficulties ready to solve.This paper reviewed the technological development of the CO₂ absorption and desorption process since the past 10 years, some major problems were very common while the running process of CO₂ capture commercial plant.There are some well-developed solutions and some advanced approaches under development.The amine degradation issue and degradation products need to be analyzed and reclaimed, and the exit off gas need proper probe and sampling treatment before release to the air.The main body of reactive amine solvent need to be tested either with offline or online techniques, and some catalysts CO₂ absorption and desorption were applied for heat duty reduction. Both solid mineral catalysts and biocatalysts are effective approaches, requiring extensive research and development work to pilot in order to perfect the respective processes, and to generate reliable data for a commercial plant.Thus, future trends could see significantly smaller vessels and heat duties, higher efficiency and lower operation costs for post-combustion CO₂ capture from combustion flue gases using reactive solvents.

With the development of processing technology and the emergence of new material, the excellent properties of micro-channel heat exchanger are paid great attention by people gradually.Hence the micro-channel heat exchanger is rapidly expanded into different areas, for example, aerospace engineering, HVAC, MNSR, fuel cell power submarine, etc.But there are some problems in the research and application of micro-channel heat exchanger, which limit its popularization, such as the mechanism and numerical calculation of the two-phase flow heat exchange, the distribution of refrigerant and air flow in HVAC, frosting problem in heat pump system, industry specifications of manufacture, etc.Therefore, around the above problems, this paper, in order to provide the reference for the researchers, introduces the technical characteristics of micro-channel heat exchanger by comparing with other types of heat exchangers, summarizes the research status and the application field of micro-channel heat exchanger mainly by the research results at home and abroad in recent years and points out the application prospect and the research direction in the future.

This paper introduces the study of elution test in the separation process of zirconium and hafnium with D296 resin in the ion exchange fixed bed.The temperature of the adsorption and elution tests was between 2 and 5 degrees Celsius.Elution tests was carried out in a saturated adsorption ion exchange column, an ion exchange column with exchange region, and an ion exchange column with exchange region and no adsorption region.The results showed that the status of the ion exchange column and the acidity of the eluting agent had a significant effect on the separation effect.When the ion exchange column had exchange region, with the any acidity of sulphuric acid elution, hafnium would be eluted first, but the high acidity of eluent was more favorable for the separation of zirconium and hafnium.When the ion exchange column was saturated adsorption state, with low acidity and high acidity of eluent, zirconium and hafnium could not get effective separation.Experiments proved that, the single fixed bed has low separation efficiency of zirconium and hafnium.In order to achieve separation of zirconium and hafnium, need to design the continuous moving bed separation.

In order to study the gas-liquid two-phase flow of 90° Y-junction convergence coil, the method of lattice Boltzmann was adopted.The simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow with air and water as working fluid was carried out in the serpentine microchannels of rectangular cross section.After passing the verification experiment, according to the calculation results, the flow patterns of different contact angles are plotted with the gas-liquid phase velocity as the coordinate and the effect of contact angle on slug flow was in-depth studied;Meanwhile, the difference of pressure drop and friction factor of two-phase flow under different contact angle in serpentine microchannels were compared; Influence factors of wall friction coefficient and shear stress were also discussed.It showed that hydrophobic wall which means the contact angle is greater than 90 degrees, the two-phase flow pressure drop, friction factor, wall friction coefficient and wall shear stress were lower than related parameters in serpentine microchannel with hydrophilic wall, which is beneficial to fluid flow.

In order to overcome the disadvantage of low efficiency and serious scaling and clogging in traditional ammonia absorption process using packed beds as the absorber.In this paper, water-sparged aerocyclone (WSA), a new gas-liquid mass transfer equipment was used for ammonia absorption of chemical flues gas by dilute sulphuric acid solution.The effect of operation parameters of initial ammonia concentration, flues gas inlet velocity and WSA structure parameters of sparge hole area and diameter of vortex finder on ammonia absorption efficiency were investigated.The results showed that the ammonia absorption efficiency increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of initial ammonia concentration and flues gas inlet velocity.It increased fast at first and then tended to increase slowly with the increase of sparge hole area, however, it decreased with the increase of diameter of vortex finder.When initial ammonia concentration of 4500mg/m³, flues gas inlet velocity of 26.46m/s, using the WSA of sparge hole area of 565.5mm² and diameter of vortex finder of 32mm, the ammonia absorption efficiency could be as high as more than 99.5%.These results provide a kind of alternative for ammonia absorption of chemical flues gas in chemical industry.

The solubility of tigogenin in methanol (293-338K) and ethanol (293-353K) were determined by equilibrium method at atmospheric pressure, and the solubility date was correlated.The results showed that the solubility of tigogenin in methanol and ethanol increased monotonically with increasing temperature.The solubility of tigogen in methanol was greater than in ethanol at 293-323K, and in methanol was less than in ethanol above 323K.The adjusted determination coefficient of fitting equation was respectively 0.9961 and 0.9976, the average relative errors of solubility in methanol was 2.12% at 318-338K, in ethanol was 2.56% at 328-353K, which indicates that fitting equation can meet the need of engineering design.Applications of two solvents in production of tigogenin were studied, which show that ethanol as extraction solvent was better than methanol.

FST tray is one kind of spray tray.Comparing with bubble tray, it has higher flux and lower pressure drop.The tray structure influences mass transfer efficiency and pressure drop of the tray.In order to increase tray performance, different tray structures need to be investigated.A CFD model was developed by FLUENT to predict the gas phase flow field of FST tray.The gas phase flow fields of three different tray structures were compared and the effects of demist vanes and radial direction angle of rotating stream vanes were investigated.Results showed that demist vanes could decrease entrainment rate, but caused extra pressure drop.Rotating stream vanes with radial direction angle could increased swirling intensity, and enhanced mass transfer performance.However it would also increase pressure drop and backflow.Hence, in order to achieve optimal design, effects of structures should be considered comprehensively, and balance tray pressure drop, mass transfer performance and demist performance.

Aiming at a kind of liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine cooling system, in this paper, numerical calculation and simulation of the third fluid cooling circle was proceeded.Based on the computational fluid dynamics(CFD), using three-dimensional fluid-structure coupling algorithm, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cooling channels was calculated and analyzed.The results showed that when the mass flow of coolant raises by about 0.01kg/s, the wall temperature of thrust chamber and throat temperature decreases by about 9K and 15K respectively, while the outlet dryness of the coolant decreases by about 0.011.the influence of inlet temperature was affected by the coolant flow, when the flow is smaller, the influence of the inlet temperature can be ignored, while the flow is larger, the dryness of coolant raises by about 0.009 with the increasing of inlet temperature by 10K.The pressure loss of cooling channel raised by 54kPa with the growing of coolant flow by 0.01kg/s, and it decreased by about 24kPa with the raising of inlet-temperature by 10K.Therefore, the best range of coolant flow and inlet-temperature was obtained:12-14.4kg/s and 300-350K respectively.

To improve the adsorption performance of adsorption bed for water vapor sorption from air, the related influencing factors (fan power and diameter of mass transfer channel) were investigated experimentally in this paper.The change of water sorption capacity with time under different influencing factors was measured via weighing method, respectively.The results showed that fan should be added to sorption bed to meet the requirement of sorption needs.The adsorption capacity of sorption bed rised about 14.5% as the fan power increases and it improved almost 39.66% with the increase of mass transfer channel diameter as well.Moreover, the size of mass transfer channel diameter had a bigger influence on sorption capacity compared to fan power, and the effect was more than 3 times of the fan power.

Based hollow paddle dryer set up a mechanical vapor recompression heat pump vacuum drying system.The vacuum pressure was about 95kPa, the same mass of sludge(100±0.1)kg at a constant temperature drying experiment at 95-115℃.Get the moisture content of the sludge drying process curves and drying rate curves.The outlet steam temperature of the compressor was 95-115℃, and the critical moisture content of the sludge was increased from 0.22 to 0.34.Five kinds of sludge drying models were introduced.The experimental data were segmented fitting analysis by using origin software and obtain sludge drying kinetics model MR=exp(-ktⁿ), Dried equation with piecewise function expressed respectively:MR=exp[-(2.78×10^-4T-0.01896)t^1.596](acceleration phase);MR=0.894-0.564(1.74×10^-4T-8.05×10^-3)t(constant speed phase);MR=exp[-(2.26×10^-4T-0.01365)t^1.984](deceleration phase).The drying model was verified by experiments, the average relative error of wet content of sludge in each drying stage was calculated, and the resulting experimental drying curves and drying rate curves were compared with the predicted values. It can be seen that the segmentation process can better describe the sludge drying law.

Taking world's first 1000MW AP1000 nuclear power turbine manufactured by Harbin Turbine Company and MHI as example, this paper introduced the key factors that have impact on turbine's lubricant selection.Considering its high safety requirement and special working conditions, a nuclear power turbine had high requirements for lubrication compared with a normal steam turbine.This paper discussed different aspects of lubricant performances.Based on in-depth discussion between Harbin Turbine Company and MHI, Shell Turbo J was finally selected as turbine oil for the nuclear power turbine.The process of lubricant selection would provide valuable references to other nuclear projects in the future.

Clean energy resources obtained as great relief to the pressure of energy and environment.And bio-electrochemistry as a separate discipline involves the integration of biology, electrochemistry and chemistry etc, aimed at biological systems and the related controls and applications.On the molecular level, bio-electrochemical researches focus on electrochemical phenomena of charged particles (or non-charged particles) movements.In the energy and environment research field, bio-electrochemistry mainly concerns the chemical energy recovery from organic pollutants, for instance, microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) recover hydrogen energy and treat organic pollutants.This paper introduces the basic principles of MECs for hydrogen production, electrode materials, hydrogen production assessment, and effect comparisons of different types of MECs constructions for hydrogen production.The problems MECs confronted in engineering practice research trends and future prospective is proposed, simultaneously.

Paraffin deposition under different oil water conditions has become more and more significant in recent studies of wax deposition.However, research in the field of two phase deposition is still in its infancy.This study describes the current status of development of wax deposition studies at home and abroad.It also analyzes new progresses in recent years on wax deposition mechanism studies such as shear stripping and aging mechanisms.Cold plate device, cold finger apparatus and experimental loop have been introduced in this study and wax deposition experimental progresses made by domestic and foreign scholars are outlined.This study mainly introduces current research situation of dynamic model of single phase oil and oil water two phase wax deposition at home and abroad.Modifications based on the single phase Couto model and oil water two phase Bruno model are described.Future researches should focus on mechanisms and prediction model of wax deposition, analyzing the influence factors of wax deposition under different oil water conditions.That will make practical significance to relieve pipeline wax deposition problems and enhance pipeline capacity.

Designed coal quality is an important design basis of modern coal chemical project, which could affect the stable operation of the project directly.In this text, based on the experience in the construction of Shenhua coal chemical projects, the program to determine designed coal quality was proposed.Modern coal gasification technology commonly used in coal chemical industries include:dry feed entrained flow gasification technology, coal-water slurry gasification technology, fixed bed gasification technology and fluidized bed gasification technology.The coal quality analysis projects were generalized based on different coal gasification technology for different coal quality requirement.In the coal sample collection and analysis process, acquisition of coal sample representative is prerequisite to typical coal quality data obtained.In this paper, according to the stage of coal mine, the different coal sample acquisition scheme were proposed, including sampling sites, the types of coal sample, sample weight, sample size and sampling mode.Besides, the coal sample preparation, analysis and the final data checking work also discussed in this paper.

Light cycle oil (LCO) of FCC unit which has the characteristics of high aromatic content, low cetane number has become a low-value product in refineries.In order to efficiently use the rich aromatics of LCO, the comprehensive utilization technologies of LCO have been developed at home and abroad.The comprehensive utilization technologies of LCO are described in respect of technical characteristics, reaction mechanism, process flow, catalyst and application data, including LCO hydroupgrading technology, LCO hydro-cracking technology, LCO hydrogenation-FCC combination technology, LCO hydrogenation-aromatic extraction combination technology.The comprehensive utilization technologies of LCO can not only produce clean diesel, but also highoctane number gasoline or BTX light component.Refineries can select the appropriate routes according to their specifics and the market demand to maximize the economic benefits of the techniques while improving the quality of products, which adapts to the trend of integrating refining and petrochemical process for modern refineries.

The impacts of ultra low sulfur gasoline (ULSG) production on existing FCC feed hydrotreating units and major technical choices made by many countries were summarized.The development direction and main technical strategies of the FCC feed hydrotreating process for the production of ULSG were discussed.ULSG production which require sulfur content less than 10μg/g will significantly decrease FCC feed pre-treater unit cycle lengths and increase operating costs.Main technical strategies for FCC feed hydrotreating producing ULSG are:optimizing existing FCC feed hydrotreating device, increasing a FCC feed hydrotreating reactor, increasing feeding quantity of the existing FCC feed hydrotreating unit, developing FCC feed hydrotreating-FCC combination process, building new or converting into mild hydrocracking or partial conversion hydrocracking units, building new or modifying FCC gasoline post-treat unit.

At the molecular level, advances of coke formation rule of heavy oil were reviewed.The relation between four components of heavy oil and coke formation was induced, so was the research in the coke formation of heavy oil model compounds.For group constituents of heavy oil, researches show that proper amounts of saturates lead to high-quality coke; the quality of coke gets worse with more rings; resins and asphaltenes coke easily and the quality of coke is bad; heteroatoms lead to bad coke, but hazard extent of heteroatoms is different.For heavy oil model compounds, researches show that thermal condensation of toluene is hard to react; from naphthalene to pyrene, the condensation difficulty becomes lower and lower;because of side chains, the quality of dimethylnaphthalene coke is worse than that of naphthalene; because of its special spatial configuration, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethylbenzene cokes easily and quality of the coke is pretty good; the worse the quality of heteroatom model compound coke, the worse the quality of aromatics with that kind of heteroatom model compounds.With the development of the ultra high resolution mass spectrometry technology, there are more possibilities that aromatics thermal condensation reaction mechanism will be explored further.

Several mechanisms about coke formation from hydrocarbon molecules' cracking are reviewed, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are reaction intermediates of coke formation during petroleum processing.Three mechanisms contribute to the coke formation:heterogeneous catalytic mechanism, heterogeneous noncatalytic mechanism and homogeneous noncatalytic mechanism. Researches on molecular model compounds show that during alkanes catalytic cracking process at higher temperature, coke composition is not related to the molecular structure, but the cracking depth;during thermal cracking process, coke formation rate of iso-paraffin is faster than normal paraffin, and olefins, aromatics lead to coke formation easily, the basicity of aromatics related to the coke yield.Depending on the optical microstructure, coke can be divided into three categories, point structure, mosaic structure and fibrous structure.Researches show that the intermediate phase morphology would affect coke structure;carbonaceous mesophase of good plasticity can easily aggregate to form anisotropy fibrous coke.In technical process, many factors will influence the coke formation, such as the nature of feedstock, the type of catalyst and addictives, operating conditions, and so on.

According to the present study of water-in-diesel fuel(including emulsification and micro-emulsification), this paper summarizes the current commonly used emulsifier, online emulsifying process, pre-emulsification process and the theory of energy conservation and emission reduction.Some scholars have found that the stability of the emulsion can be greatly improved by adding n-alkanol.The pre-emulsification technology includes mechanical stirring, homogeneous emulsification, ultrasonic emulsification, electrostatic emulsification and so on.The energy conservation and emission reduction theory mainly includes:micro-explosion theory, evaporation theory, co-boiling theory, water gas effect and reduction of burning time.In the test of diesel engine, some researchers have found that there is an increase of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) of micro-emulsified diesel fuel.And, we analyze the possible reason.Finally, the future research direction and the problem required to be solved of the water-in-diesel are put forward.

This paper presents a review on the reported studies by using Aspen Plus to simulate the processes involved in biomass fast pyrolysis for liquid fuels.It can be divided into two parts of the study:reaction research and process research.The reaction research is less, but it can also prove that Aspen Plus can be used to simulate the chemical reaction.Most research focused on the simulation of the whole process, and analyze the economic, environmental, and energy consumption of the whole process.The major problems in the field are listed and the future development of research is also prospected.The conversion of biomass into high quality liquid fuels via fast pyrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation is introduced.

The typical processes of high-temperature Fisher-Tropsch synthesis are discussed.The development and recent advances are reviewed.The fusion iron, precipitated iron and supported iron catalyst for high-temperature Fisher-Tropsch synthesis and the deactivation mechanism thereof are described.The downstream processing routes for Gasoline, diesels, oxy-organics and α-olefins are discussed.The technical economics of the process is analyzed.

As the main energy in China, the clean and efficient use of coal is an important guarantee for China's energy security and ecological environment construction.Pyrolysis is under mild conditions to convert coal into clean gas, liquid and solid fuel, which is one of the important means to improve coal utilization, process into clean and efficient secondary energy.The advantages of microwave as a new heating method in coal pyrolysis are becoming more and more obvious.This paper introduces the mechanism and advantages of microwave pyrolysis, the application of microwave absorber and both domestic and foreign research progress of microwave pyrolysis, it turns out that low rank coal dielectric constant is very small, so adding a certain amount of microwave absorber can achieve the pyrolysis temperature.Compared with conventional pyrolysis, the heating mechanism of the material is changed, the quality of the product is improved, pyrolysis gas CO, H₂ content increased, the quality of tar is better, and the thermal efficiency of coal is increased.As a new heating method, microwave technology provides a promising solution and ideal for improvement of coal pyrolysis efficiency.

The up to date research progress of the processing technology for lube base oils prepared from Fischer-Tropsch syncrude(mainly for Fischer-Tropsch wax)were reviewed.The review emphasized on the search and application of GTL base oils technologies for Chevron、Shell、ExxonMobil and Petro-China companies.The analysis shows that Fischer-Tropsch syncrude is composed of alkanes, the core of GTL base oil processing technology is the paraffin hydroisomerization technologies, the improved catalyst is used, the properties of GTL base oil have intermediate viscosity grade, high viscosity index, great evaporation loss and the yield reached the industrialization level.But comparing with mineral base oils it still has a lot of deficiencies.The great effort should be do to improve the performance and yield of GTL base oils through developing the new catalyst based on the characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, also the optima? oil processing technology route should be selected.so that to realize the optimal efficiency of the Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, and provide the reference for domestic to development Fischer-Tropsch synthesis base oil processing technology.

The UGI gasification technology has been restricted and it's unable to meet the requirements of modern large-scale industrialization, crushed coal pressurized continuous gasification technology could be used as the future development direction for lump anthracite.The practice results show that using anthracite gasification has more advantages such as high gasification temperature and gasification efficiency, less steam and gas water consumption.At the same time, according to anthracite gasification characteristics, crushed coal pressurized gasification technology should be optimized to upgrade.

The supply-demand situation for domestic methanol and development trend for its industry chains were introduced.Methanol growth slows down, large-scale unit and industrial concentration have been improved significantly.Methanol derivatives demonstrate a diversified pattern.Demanded methanol tends to a low growth in traditional consumption fields, is becoming the scale in methanol fuel, and progressively manifest immense potential in high additional value product.Some suggestions to maintain a stable and positive development situation of methanol market were puts forward, it is necessary to extend industrial chains, especially focus on competitive products.Furthermore, accelerating standardization system construction in methanol derivatives, and promoting the advanced technology industry demonstration process, is equally important.

Spherical MgCl₂ is an efficient support for Ziegler-Natta catalyst and suitable for the preparation of catalysts for propylene polymerization.The MgCl₂ support has significant influence on the morphologies and properties of the catalysts and polymers.The preparation process of the spherical MgCl₂ support is one of the core technologies in such catalyst development.This paper presents the advantages of the MgCl₂ support, analyzes the effect of milling activation and chemical activation on the properties of MgCl₂.The characteristics of the preparation processes of the spherical MgCl₂ support including high-speed stirring, tubule extrusion, spray shaping, shearing emulsification and high gravity are discussed in detail.It is pointed out that the intensification of the emulsion mixing is the controlling factor in the preparation of MgCl₂ support, and good emulsion mixing is the prerequisite for the preparation of spherical MgCl₂ support with regular morphology and narrow size distribution.

The methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation is the most promising research direction in the utilization of CO₂, in which the research of catalysts is the key point.This review focuses on the copper-based catalysts and summarizes the effect factors including copper dispersion, copper particle diameter and the interaction between metal copper and support on the activity, methanol selectivity and stability of copper-based catalyst.The preparation methods have huge influences on the copper dispersion, copper particle diameter and the interaction between metal copper and support which could then affect the catalytic performance.Developments based on the co-precipitation are the research trend of catalysts preparation in nowadays.Improving copper dispersion, decreasing copper particle diameter and increasing interaction between metal copper and support have different effects on the catalytic performance of this reaction.This review of the researches above provides the references for the development of high activity, high methanol selectivity and good stability new catalysts.

As an important branch of today's molecular sieve research, shape selectivity in zeolite catalysis has been exploited by industry for almost 60 years.Though our mechanistic research remains rather limited, the researchers made satisfactory progress in our understanding of shape-selective catalysis, with the development of catalytic reaction types, the synthesis of new catalysts, zeolites structure determination, catalytic performance, and catalytic mechanism in research.Here we summarize the different hydrocarbon molecules' absorption and diffusion behaviors in the pores of zeolites based on the current studies, and also explore the correlation between dynamic diameters of hydrocarbon molecules and their shape-selectivity in zeolites catalysis.By analysis, there exists a rule of the correlation between dynamic diameters of hydrocarbon molecules and their shape-selectivity in zeolites catalysis applicable in an interval, the zeolites achieved best catalytic performance only when reactant's dynamic diameter slightly smaller than or close to zeolite's pore diameter.Besides, zeolite's topology also have an effect on its catalytic performance.

Since chrome catalyst invented by Phillips company, it has been a hot research topic in the field of olefin polymerization.The research status, preparation methods, properties of chromium catalyst modified by alumina and its effect o on the ethylene polymerization are described.After modified, the polymerization activity and hydrogen sensitivity of chromium catalyst was improved significantly.The polymer obtained from the catalyst has broader molecular weight distribution, better environmental stress cracking resistance and excellent processing properties.

Different content of lanthanum modified Cu/Zn/Al catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method.The effects of lanthanum on catalyst performance were illuminated by using TG-DTG, XRD, BET, H₂-TPR techniques, the results showed that lanthanum can promote the active component dispersed on the surface of the carrier and maintain the pore structure of the catalyst.The moderate amount of La could promote the combination of the two phases of CuO and ZnO, also can increase the density of the active center.But excess lanthanum would cause changes in performance of the catalyst which led to the reduce of the catalyst activity.Direct liquefaction micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) over La modified Cu/Zn/Al catalyst in supercritical methanol, and study on influence of conversion and liquefied products with different contents of La.It was found that addition of La can effectively improve the conversion rate of MCC and yield of alcohols.The liquefaction products were detected by GC-MS and showed the main component of liquefied product were alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones and alkanes.The addition of La can improved the selectivity of alcohols product.The experimental results from single-factor experiment showed the optimum liquefaction conditions were reaction temperature 320℃, reaction time 75min, 75% dosage of catalyst.

TiO₂ nanotube arrays have attract much attention due to its novel three-dimensional structure, big surface areas and special geometric structure.In this review, TiO₂ nanotube arrays in situ grown on Ti substrate were fabricated by anodic oxidation and the development of electrolyte was summarized.The property of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays were introduced, including the crystal structure, optical property, electrical characteristics and the catalytic activity.Moreover, the modification of TiO₂ nanotube arrays was described in detail.The modification method contains metal ion doping, nonmetal ion doping, metal deposition, coupling with the conducting polymer, coupling with semiconductor and other modified approaches.The application in photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pollutions, photocatalytic water splitting, dye-sensitized solar cell, sensors and other fields were also inveatigated.Finally, the future studies on the morphology control and modification of TiO₂ nanotube arrays were proposed.

Polyaniline is the famous conjugated polymer that used widely in rechargeable batteries shielding of electromagnetic interference, microwave and radar absorbing materials, non-linear optical and light-emitting devices, fuel and solar cells.The method of synthesis is devoloping and the mechanism of synthesis is devoloping also.The paper reviews the new research result about the synthesis and mechanism from 2013 to 2015, especially the azo benzene polymer that use dianiline as raw material.The polymer show good conductive capacity after dosing, will be used wildly in rechargeable batteries shielding of electromagnetic interference, microwave and radar absorbing materials, non-linear optical and light-emitting devices, fuel and solar cells.The synthesis mechanism is clear, simple synthesis process, is worth to study further.

Intelligent hydrogel is a kind of new functional polymer material with three dimensional network structure, and it has the advantages of water absorption, good swelling property, water retention and bionic performance.Since in the process of synthesis, monomers or macromolecular materials with special structure and group were added, such as PNIPA, -COOH, -NH₂, AAM, As, polyelectrolyte, the intelligent hydrogel can make a regular structure change, adjust its volume, or alter its composition according to the environment change, such as temperature, acidity, electric and magnetic field.They are smart and responsive.Different hydrogel shows specific responses to various stimuli of the external environment.According to this, intelligent hydrogel can be divided into several species, such as temperature sensitive hydrogel, pH sensitive hydrogel, light sensitive hydrogel, pressure sensitive hydrogel, electric sensitive hydrogel.In recent years, with the further study of drug sustained release and medical hydrogel, intelligent hydrogel with good environmental sensitivity and super biocompatibility has become the best choice for drug controlled release material.

Microcellular polymer material is a newly developed polymer material which cell size is in micron.Because its unique micro-pore structure can improve the dimensional stability, shrinkage rate and other shortcomings of products, which makes it become a research hotspot of polymer material in recent years.In this paper, the mechanism of micro-foam molding was briefly introduced, the effects of molding processing parameters, nano filler, blowing agent on structure and properties of microcellular polymer material were outlined.Summary was generated based on the numerous research results, then some critical issues that to be further studied was put forward.Moreover, the foreground of research and application of microcellular polymer was expected.All these fundamental works are very important for understanding the mechanism of forming of microcellular polymer foams.They are significant for subsequent application research as well.

This paper reviews the research progress of superhydrophobic-superoleophilic materials and its application in the oil/water separation.First, the basic theory of special wettability and design concept for oil-water separation materials are introduced, including Young equation, the Wenzel model, Cassie model as well as the preparation methods of oil-water separation materials.Then, two-dimensional oil/water separation materials, such as metal membranes, textiles and synthetic membrane materials, and three-dimensional networks, including sponge, foam, aerogel, and intelligent oil/water separation materials are comprehensively reviewed.Finally, we summarized the problems which exist in the field of oil/water separation, for example, the basic mechanism of oil-water separations are need to be further improved.In addition, research and development of materials for separating special oils from water and intelligent oil/water separation materials are still big challenges.

The progress of vanadium extraction technology for common vanadium extraction raw materials, including Vanadium ore, ferro-phosphorous containing vanadium, waste vanadium catalyst, steel slag, and bone coal and so on, during the period 1980 to 2015 is reviewed.All the current representative technologies of vanadium purification are systematically analyzed and summarized.These extraction technologies are attributed to four categories:metallurgical process, roasting process, wet process and other new process.And they are described respectively.Examples are given for each kind of technology.The basic processes for all kinds of vanadium extraction technology are described.Their advantages and disadvantages are more objective commented.Base on that, main problems during the processes of vanadium extraction technology in our country are discovered and pointed out.First of all, technology levels of vanadium purification from vanadium resources are still low;their wastes are too much;the environmental pollution is very serious.What is more, utilization of associated minerals or elements is too little;the level of comprehensive utilization of vanadium resources is too low.Finally, the development trend of vanadium extraction technology is pointed out:under the background of emphasizing environmental protection, new vanadium purification processes, which are with less environmental pollution and high degree of utilization of vanadium resources, are eager to be developed.

Ionic liquid, as a new kind of green solvents, have received extensive attention of researchers.Ionic liquid is widely used in chemical process because the unique features, such as nonflammable, tasteless, no pollution, no detectable vapor pressure and recyclable.Ionic liquids used in membrane separation technology have the characteristics of less volatile, immiscibility with contact phase, good stability, etc.Recently much attention has been paid to the study of ionic liquids in the supported liquid membrane, ionic liquid supported liquid membrane has the advantages of high selectivity, and high permeability in the absorption and separation of gas, has the advantages of the separation effect is obvious, strong durability in the separation of organic matter, has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, recycled in a chemical reaction.This review provides the preparation of ionic liquid supported liquid membrane and the selection of membrane-based material.The factors affecting the stability and separation selectivity of the ionic liquid supported liquid membrane was discussed.The application of the ionic liquid supported liquid membrane in the progress of separation and chemical reaction were summarized.

The non-thermal plasma regeneration method, which has great exploring space and application prospect, is a kind of new method for the regeneration of adsorbents.In this paper, the non-thermal plasma regeneration method are compared with traditional regeneration methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are listed.The concepts of plasma, the producing mode of non-thermal plasma and the mechanism of this method are also described in this paper.Furthermore, the research progress of this method both at home and abroad are introduced in detail.At last, the characteristics of this method are summarized and the problems to be settled urgently are put forward.Analyses show that this method, compared with the traditional regeneration methods including temperature swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption, has the advantages of low reaction temperature, speediness and high efficiency.However, the method is still in the stage of laboratory research, many theories and engineering problems still remain to be resolved.

The monodisperse Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have drawn more and more attention for their unique properties, such as good chemical stability, biocompatibility, magnetic response and so on, which show great pratical potential in the fields of pharmacy, and optical/magnetic recording materials.Particularly, The monodisperse Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles can also be directly employed for constructing colloidal photonic crystals with highly tunable stop bands which can be moved across the entire visible spectral region.In this paper, several preparation methods of monodisperse Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were summarized, the applications fields were briefly introduced and the development trends of monodisperse Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were discussed.It was pointed out that the applications of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are limited due to poor dispersion in non-polar solution.Therefore, the surface modification of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles will be the focus study in this area.

Lime mud was modified by wet method using acrylic acid or vinyl benzenesulfonic acid as modifier, and further coating of the modified lime mud was performed using paraffin to obtain the reactive organic modified lime mud.The lime mud/NBR (400:100) master-batch prepared with the reactive organic modified lime mud as rubber filler was used to prepare lime mud/NBR composites at different loadings of lime mud.The effect of the master-batch dosage on the performance of the composites was examined.Experimental results showed that the mechanical performance of the composite materials increases first and then decreases with the increasing of the dosage of the adding modifier (in terms of quality of dry lime mud).The best mechanical performance of the composite materials was achieved when the acid surfactant dosage was 2% of the white clay master-batch and the master-batch copies was 100phr.The effect of the modifiers on the mechanical performance of the composite was examined.For the composite materials with acrylic modified lime mud master-batch, the tensile strength is 8.3MPa, elongation at break is 386%, 300% modulus is 3.7MPa, and the Shore "A" is 79.And for the composite materials with vinyl benzene sulfonic acid modified lime mud master-batch, tensile strength is 9.8 MPa, elongation at break is 652%, 300% modulus is 4.2MPa, and the Shore "A" is 78.The results showed that the mechanical properties of rubber material could be improved greatly by using the modifiers.

Molten salt is a high-efficiency medium for heat transfer and storage.In systems for heat transfer and storage with molten salt, corrosion characteristic of molten salt on metal devices such as molten salt pumps, valves, all kinds of sensors and pipelines is a limiting factor to application of molten salt, so it is important to identify corrosion behavior of molten salt.Carbon steel is the most widely used metal material to make above devices, and study on corrosion characteristics of carbon steel in bromide salts has been relatively deficient.To investigate corrosion characteristics of quaternary bromide salts, static corrosion tests of carbon steel(Q235) were performed in quaternary bromide salts at 450℃ with immersion method, and corrosion kinetic curve of carbon steel samples was gained.Corroded areas were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results indicate that weight loss of carbon steel samples by corrosion increase with the extension of time and reach 24.14mg/cm² after 360h in high temperature corrosion environment.The corrosion products mainly contain iron oxide and manganese oxide.

In this paper, the precursor of nano zinc oxide was prepared by precipitation method used by zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium bicarbonate, zinc oxide was obtained by calcining the precursor.Nano zinc oxide and its precursors were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, TEM, BET and other testing methods, investigated the effects of different calcination temperature on the zinc oxide morphology, crystal phase and desulfurization activity by changing calcination temperature of the precursor.the results showed that:the microstructure of obtained basic zinc carbonate appears irregular nanocrystalline with the grain size of about 2-10nm.under different firing temperature, the presence of obtained zinc oxide exists large performance differences, where a higher degree of heat treatment at 300℃ nano zinc oxide showed the best performance, the grain size of which is between 5-10nm with specific surface area of 41.41m²/g and high desulfurization activity that penetration of the sulfur content was over 25% at 220℃.With the increase of calcination temperature, the degree of crystallization of zinc oxide was increased, the surface properties were destroyed, the grain size became larger with the more complete degree of crystallinity, agglomeration was serious.When calcination temperature was too low, the nano-zinc oxide precursor decomposition was incomplete, affecting its purity.

The surface modification of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was carried out by using polyethylene glycol with the characteristics of high water solubility and good biocompatibility, to improve the defects of Fe₃O₄.The polyethylene glycol-Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposite with core-shell structure was prepared by one-step method.The structure, morphology and properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and VSM.Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles modified by adriamycin and polyethylene glycol were synthesized by the ultrasonic method, the encapsulation efficiency of magnetic nanocomposite was analyzed by spectrophotometry, and the average encapsulation efficiency was 54.83%.In addition, it was proved that the inclusion compound had obvious inhibitory effect on K150 cells by MTT olorimetric assay.The results showed that the synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite had good morphology and drug loading properties, and they can be used as a novel drug carrier to achieve the effect of targeted delivery and further improve the bioavailability of the drug.

Hemicellulose, as one of the main compostions of lignocellulosic materials, leads to a complex structure characteristic, the presence of which hinders the access of enzyme to cellulose thus reduces efficiency of the hydrolysis.Different percentages of hemicellulose were removed from alkali-pretreated SCB since different concentrations of hemicellulase were added.Based on the results of compostitution analysis, SEM analysis, XRD analysis, as well as the enzymatic digestibility, it could be found that with the concentrations of hemicellulase added increasing, the content of lignin and crystallie index were larger and surface gap gradually deepened.Before the cellulase loading of 5FPU/g sustrate added, extra 1600U/g hemicellulase were used to treat the alkali-pretreated SCB which showed that the xylan and glucose conversion rate increasing 74.24% and 35.30%, respectively.It demonstrated that the removal of hemicellulose could effectively promote the enzymatic hydrolysis process, save the reaction time and increse the enzymatic conversion rate.

Oily sludge treatment is one of the important problems of environmental protection and sustainable development.There are many different kinds of oily sludge and these nature are complex, at the same time the corresponding technology and equipment also showed a diversified trend.According to the present situation of oily sludge treatment, on the conventional method of oily sludge treatment at home and abroad are classified and comparative analysis, summarizes the application range of conventional processing methods and their advantages and disadvantages.Some kinds of new technology are introduced, including ultrasonic cleaning, supercritical water oxidation technology, reinjection profile control and so on.The principle, characteristics and application condition of various methods are described.Due to the complexity of oil sludge and source widely, its composition, at the same time there are many different kinds of processing technology which has their own disadvantages and applicable scope.Synthesizes these factors, such as effect of treatment, environmental protection and energy saving, there is not any kind of technology can be used as an ideal method of processing all types of clay sand, and have to continue to study.Finally, the article summarizes the problems in the process of oily sludge treatment, and brief to introduce application prospect for integrated utilization.

Load magnetic flocculation method has the advantages of high sedimentation efficiency, low hydraulic retention time and good treatment effect, but it has little treatment effect for high concentration of heavy metal wastewater.In this paper, the influences of the temperature, pH, the content of pollutants, hydraulic conditions, the kinds of flocculation and dosing quantity impact on flocculation effect were introduced.The application of load magnetic flocculation in the treatment of paper mill wastewater, wastewater containing copper and arsenic and waste filter and so on was expounded.It was found that load magnetic flocculation is not only suitable for heavy metal wastewater treatment, but also has best effects in oil, suspended solids, and sewage treatment. And with the mature and perfect of the technology, load magnetic flocculation method will be more broad prospects for development.

A large number of toxic lead smelting dust is produced in the world every year, the study of its recovery process has become one of the hot spots of metallurgy.This paper briefly introduces the main existing forms and characteristics of lead in dust.Lead in dust has a complex composition and fine granularity, which is different from natural mineral.In order to provide the technical reference to the smoke fine particles of lead oxide with high efficiency and low cost recovery, the existing typical recovery processes and studies are reviewed.According to the different treatment methods, the process methods can be divided into three categories:the process of fire, the wet process, and the combined process of wet metallurgy and metallurgical process.In this paper, some research and industrial application examples are listed.The advantages and disadvantages of different process methods are summarized and analyzed, because of the complex diversity of the impurity elements in lead dust and the number and nature of the components is uncertain, there is still no mature processing technology and large-scale treatment of the ability of lead in the recovery of dust.Finally, according to the comprehensive utilization of lead dust, the development direction of lead fume recycling technology is put forward.High efficiency, environmental protection, new methods and low cost of treatments of lead dust should be taken seriously in future research.

This study focused on the impact of various inorganic acids on the adsorption polypyrrole/TiO₂ (PPy/TiO₂) composites.Firstly, PPy/TiO₂ composites were prepared in the HNO₃(N-PPy/TiO₂)、H₂SO₄(S-PPy/TiO₂) and H₃PO₄ (P-PPy/TiO₂)systems, respectively. FT-IR spectra, TG analysis, Zeta potential, specific surface area analysis and SEM were employed to character the physicochemical properties of the composites.Secondly, the adsorption of the as-prepared composites for anionic dye Acid red G (ARG) and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) were investigated.It was found that the adsorption performance of the composites prepared in acid system has been greatly improved.The adsorption equilibrium of all composites can reach in 30min.The composites could be reused for 6 cycles without obvious loss of adsorption capacity.S-PPy/TiO₂ composite had the best adsorption properties.Its maximum adsorption capacity for ARG and MB were 218.34mg/g and 314.68mg/g, respectively.The adsorption process of dyes onto the composites was in accordance with pseudo-second-order models and Langmuir isotherm.The S-PPy/TiO₂ adsorption thermodynamics research showed that the adsorption process of dyes onto the composite was a spontaneous process of entropy increase.

Due to the stringent control on water pollution, the high salt water is recycled to be used in the FGD system in many power plants.But the impact of the recycled water on FGD system remains unknown.Thus the influence of the brackish water on desulfurization efficiency was studied in this research.The impacts of NaCl, MgCl₂, MgNO₃ and other compounds on desulfurization were explored on designed device.The combined impacts of different compounds on desulfurization were studied as well.The result showed that, the critical concentration of Cl^- and NO₃^- were 2.46mol/L and 3.12mol/L respectively, and they may cause serious influence on the desulfurization efficiency if the concentration is over the edge.Cl^- was found to be the most influencing factor; therefore measures should be taken to control its concentration.F^- at low concentration can enhance desulfurization efficiency to some extent.This study offered valuable information for the application of water recycling in FGD.

Currently natural gas as a clean energy has been widely used as it mainly relies on natural gas transportation pipeline transportation, so the study of the natural gas pipeline leak is particularly necessary.After the leakage of the natural gas pipeline incident, the gas diffusion range is affected by the atmospheric conditions of the environment, hence ALOHA software is used to analyze the affected hazardous range based on the Gaussian Diffusion Model.Through the simulation analysis of the ALOHA software, it was found out that temperature, wind speed, humidity and atmospheric stability are the influencing factors to the natural gas pipeline leakage.In conclusion, the result showed that the formulas of the ALOHA software is reliable.The rise of temperature will increase the hazardous range, the increase of wind speed and the decrease of atmospheric stability will shrink the hazardous range, while the humidity has no impact on the hazardous range.

Gel-type strong basic anion exchange resin was screened and A222 anion exchange resin was selected for removal of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- in the aqueous solution of HPPH⁺.The maximum exchange capacity of A222 anion for SO₄^2-, NO₃^- exchange resin was determined through static absorption experiments in water and aqueous solution of HPPH⁺.The results indicated that A222 anion exchange resin showed almost no chemical adsorption of HPPH⁺, the maximum exchange capacities for SO₄^2- or NO₃^- were 0.8382mmol/g and 1.2980mmol/g, respectively.The exchange process could be described using Langmuir or Freundlich equations.Resin dosage and temperature were the main influencing factors of ion exchange process, the increase of temperature was favorable for the ion exchange and the optimum dosage of resin was 4g/L.A222 anion exchange resin could be applied for removal of SO₄^2- and NO₃^- in aqueous solution of HPPH⁺.FTIR characterizations indicated that there was new chemical bond formation during exchange with SO₄^2- and NO₃^-.

The abandoned fine blue-coke was modified by the nitrate treatment-high temperature activation process.The raw materials and modified fine blue-coke (MFBC) were characterized by SEM and BET.The adsorption capacity of MFBC toward p-nitrophenol was measured.The adsorption equilibrium isotherms and kinetic curves of p-nitrophenol onto MFBC were investigated by the batch sorption experiments.The results show that the surface roughness of MFBC increases obviously.The total pore volume and specific surface area increase by 7.1 and 4.3 times, respectively.The equilibrium data are found to follow closely the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.The adsorption process is favorable adsorption as the feature separation factor R_L is between 0 and 1.In addition, the increment in temperature is beneficial for the adsorption process.The kinetic analysis demonstrates that the adsorption of p-nitrophenol onto MFBC can be best described by the HO pseudo-second-order equation.The liquid-film diffusion outside of particles is the main control step.The apparent active energy of the adsorption process (E_a) is 9.825kJ/mol.The MFBC exhibited good adsorption performance toward p-nitrophenol.The maximum sorption capacity of MFBC onto p-nitrophenol is 158.5mg/g at 328K.These results clearly indicate that the modified fine blue-coke (MFBC) has a potential industrial application as a low-cost adsorbent for treatment of wastewater containing p-nitrophenol.

Wen13-1/2 oil field liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) recovery project was CNOOC Zhanjiang branch so far the only LPG recycling project, the project had been put into operation so far, had created a good economic and social benefits.In recent years, it sometimes occured that WenChang oil field LPG products copper corrosion test was not qualified.After a series of research and demonstration, copper corrosion exceeding was demonstrated to be in relation of the hydrogen sulfide.Liquefied petroleum gas desulfurization agent Could be a good solution to the problem.This paper discussed the synthetic liquefied gas desulfurization agent, the optimum reaction conditions of:reaction time is 8h, 50% mass fraction of PMA, reaction temperature of 70 DEG C, DEA/MEA mixture of 40% mass fraction, liquefied gas desulfurizer desulfurization rate reached 99.13%.Liquefied gas desulfurization agent in the pH below 5, the reaction temperature was higher than 100 when the desulfurization efficiency will be affected.At a dosage of 50mL/min of Liquefied gas desulfurization agent for 6 months, copper corrosion test decreased from 2a to 1a.LPG products met the national standard requirements.

Based on the domestically developed urea hydrolysis reactor and urea hydrolysis ammonia process, a pilot test of urea hydrolysis with 10kg/h ammonia production for the flue gas denitration reductant was established, to reduce pollution of NO_x emission from coal plant.The results showed that urea hydrolysis reaction rate was controlled by the temperature monotonically.Steam consumption increases with the increase of pressure, intensifies when pressure is greater than 0.6MPa and brings about lower economy.The higher feed concentration, the lower energy loss for the water latent heat of vaporization, and the lower operation cost of device.The maximum ammonia production is 16kg/h, the hydrolysis rate is greater than 98%, and the ammonia mass fraction of product gas is 22.6%~34%(volume fraction of 28.5%~48%) during the tests, at the feed concentration of 40%~60%, and the operate pressure and temperature of 0.6MPa and 160℃.