Abstract: A large number of toxic lead smelting dust is produced in the world every year, the study of its recovery process has become one of the hot spots of metallurgy.This paper briefly introduces the main existing forms and characteristics of lead in dust.Lead in dust has a complex composition and fine granularity, which is different from natural mineral.In order to provide the technical reference to the smoke fine particles of lead oxide with high efficiency and low cost recovery, the existing typical recovery processes and studies are reviewed.According to the different treatment methods, the process methods can be divided into three categories:the process of fire, the wet process, and the combined process of wet metallurgy and metallurgical process.In this paper, some research and industrial application examples are listed.The advantages and disadvantages of different process methods are summarized and analyzed, because of the complex diversity of the impurity elements in lead dust and the number and nature of the components is uncertain, there is still no mature processing technology and large-scale treatment of the ability of lead in the recovery of dust.Finally, according to the comprehensive utilization of lead dust, the development direction of lead fume recycling technology is put forward.High efficiency, environmental protection, new methods and low cost of treatments of lead dust should be taken seriously in future research.

Key words: lead oxide, micro-fine, smoke dust, recovery

摘要： 世界各国每年产生的含铅冶炼烟尘数量巨大,这类粉尘已经被确定为有毒固体废料,不能返回原工艺处理,对其回收工艺的研究已成为冶金热点之一。本文简述了烟尘中铅的主要存在形式及特点,指出烟尘中的铅粒度细,组成复杂,与天然铅矿物差别较大,回收困难;综述了含铅烟尘资源化利用研究进展,根据处理手段的不同,可将各工艺方法分为火法流程、湿法流程、火法-湿法联合流程三大类,列举了一些从具体含铅烟尘中回收铅的研究和工业应用实例,总结分析了不同工艺方法回收铅的优点及不足,由于铅烟尘中杂质元素复杂多样、各组分数量及性质不稳定,目前仍然很少有成熟的处理工艺,没有大规模化处理回收烟尘中铅的能力;根据含铅烟尘综合利用现状提出发展方向,展望含铅烟尘回收利用的发展趋势,未来发展中应以高效、环保、低成本处理铅烟尘为主导,开发新工艺或联合多种方法来改进、完善烟尘的综合利用工艺。

关键词: 氧化铅, 微细粒, 烟尘, 回收