Abstract: At the molecular level, advances of coke formation rule of heavy oil were reviewed.The relation between four components of heavy oil and coke formation was induced, so was the research in the coke formation of heavy oil model compounds.For group constituents of heavy oil, researches show that proper amounts of saturates lead to high-quality coke; the quality of coke gets worse with more rings; resins and asphaltenes coke easily and the quality of coke is bad; heteroatoms lead to bad coke, but hazard extent of heteroatoms is different.For heavy oil model compounds, researches show that thermal condensation of toluene is hard to react; from naphthalene to pyrene, the condensation difficulty becomes lower and lower;because of side chains, the quality of dimethylnaphthalene coke is worse than that of naphthalene; because of its special spatial configuration, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetramethylbenzene cokes easily and quality of the coke is pretty good; the worse the quality of heteroatom model compound coke, the worse the quality of aromatics with that kind of heteroatom model compounds.With the development of the ultra high resolution mass spectrometry technology, there are more possibilities that aromatics thermal condensation reaction mechanism will be explored further.

Key words: coking, polymerization, hydrocarbons

摘要： 阐述了重油缩合生焦规律分子水平的研究进展,主要从重油中四组分的分子组成与生焦的关系以及重油模型化合物生焦的研究两方面进行了概述。研究表明,对于重油各族组分来说:适量的饱和分有助于提升生焦质量;芳香分环数越多生焦越明显,生焦质量越差;中、重胶质和沥青质易生焦,生焦质量差;杂原子会降低生焦质量,但各个杂原子的危害程度不同。而对于各个重油模型化合物来说:甲苯极难发生热缩合反应;萘、菲、蒽、芘的热缩合反应难度逐渐降低;二甲基萘由于侧链的作用,生焦质量比萘要差;1,2,4,5-四甲基苯由于其特殊的空间构型较易缩合生焦且生焦质量很好;杂原子模型化合物单独生焦质量越差,则其在加入到芳烃中之后对体系的生焦质量危害越大。随着超高分辨质谱技术的发展,为更加细致深入研究芳烃热缩合反应生焦机理提供了可能。

关键词: 焦化, 聚合, 碳氢化合物