Hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane over carbon catalysts is reviewed，and emphasis is laid on catalytic performance of carbon catalysts with different pore characteristics and surface properties，including microporous carbon，mesoporous carbon and carbon-supported metal catalysts. Compared with the microporous carbon catalysts with high initial catalytic activity and quick deactivation，mesoporous carbon or hierarchical carbon catalysts with micropores and mesopores have high conversion of methane and long catalytic lifetime. Carbon-supported metal catalysts can improve catalytic activity and stability in catalytic decomposition of methane. In addition，the decomposition mechanism of methane on carbon catalysts is presented. A promising route to improve catalytic performance in methane decomposition on carbon catalysts is proposed by controlling the structure and composition of carbon. More effort should be paid to the catalytic decomposition mechanism on carbon catalysts in the future.

Miniature heat pump refrigeration system（MHPRS） offers the advantages in size and weight that can realize the effect of cooling under special conditions，such as limited space，limited carrying weight load. However，its fabrication is complicated，and in general the system efficiency is low. This paper gives a review of MHPRS based on published literature，and summarizes latest applications and research progress of miniature compression-type thermodynamic cycles，and miniature compressors as core components compared with conventional size heat pump refrigeration systems. The main characteristics of MHPRS as well as the dominating factors influencing their performance are analyzed and discussed. The miniature compressors have the advantages of high pressure ratio，simple structure and good sealing，but have the disadvantages of difficulty in processing，low stability，high noise and others. The vibration and noise of miniature compressor also need to be paid attention for the individual micro-environment refrigeration. The future trends in relevant researches，and feasibility of combination with renewable energy，such as solar energy are proposed.

C16 and C18 fatty acid mixtures contain many high value components. Separating these components could greatly increase profit. So it is of great importance to study the separation technology of C16 and C18 fatty acid mixtures. Development of C16 and C18 fatty acid mixtures separation technology in the recent 10 years is reviewed，such as vacuum distillation，urea inclusion，π-complexing with Ag+，low temperature crystallization，and lipase-catalyzed method. The advantages and disadvantages of such separation methods are discussed. Vacuum distillation can effectively separate fatty acid mixtures into C16 and C18 components. Its main problem is that unsaturated components are prone to isomerization and polymerization under heating. Urea inclusion is usually used to separate saturated and unsaturated components in C16 and C18 mixtures. Current research on this method is focused on optimization and improvement of operating conditions. Lipase-catalyzed method is of high selectivity，environmentally friendly and can be operated under mild conditions. Now it has been used to concentrate α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid，achieving good separation results. The prospects of C16 and C18 fatty acid mixtures separation technology are analyzed，pointing out that combination of two or more methods and lipase-catalyzed method will be the future tendency.

Metal ions have a significant impact on the environment and the growth and development of organism，therefore，the recognition and detection of metal ions in the environment and organism is gaining widespread attention. Among different analytical methods，fluorescence analysis has the advantages of high sensitivity，good selectivity，real-time and in situ detection，etc.，which is a good tool to achieve the recognition and detection of metal ions in the environment and organism. This paper is aimed to review the coumarin-based fluorescent sensors for the recognition and detection of heavy metal ions (Hg2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Ag+)，biologically important transition metal ions (Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe3+) and their applications in recent five years，focusing on the design and synthesis of sensors，recognition mechanism，sensing characteristics and applications. With the higher requirement for metal ions detection，the design of coumarin-based fluorescent sensors will be developed for better performance with higher sensitivity，selectivity and stronger anti-interference in the future. In addition，applications of coumarin-based fluorescent sensors in biological detection are expected to be further developed.

The paper summarizes research progress of the multi-model fusion modeling method for process industries soft senor. According to the difference of sub-models，the multi-model fusion modeling method can be divided into data driven fusion modeling method and semi-parametric modeling method. The design ideas and research status of the data driven fusion modeling method and semi-parametric modeling method are presented，their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed，and corresponding improvement directions are proposed. According to different data processing methods，the data driven fusion modeling method can be divided into ensemble learning and cluster analysis. According to different types of model structures，semi-parametric modeling method is divided into serial and parallel structure. In the end，the future research directions of multi-model fusion modeling are presented. It is expected that breakthrough can be made in improvement of data driven models fusion technology，advancement of semi-parametric models generalization ability，and solution of dual-rate sampling. Developing soft sensor models based on multi-source information fusion by using the multi-model fusion modeling method is an effective way to realize online estimation of variables which are difficult to measure in process industries.

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production processes is analyzed based on research status of traditional production and new production. Research of traditional production，including carbide acetylene method，ethylene method and ethane-based method is focused on catalysts. Mercury-free catalyst of carbide acetylene method is not matured at the monent，and its research status determines the progress of the carbide acetylene method. Catalyst of the ethylene method is not localized. Catalyst of the ethane-based method is not matured and its development is difficult. Catalytic reforming of acetylene and ethylene dichloride method was at development stage，and would be matured processes only through further improvement and industrial demonstration. It was a clean，lowcost method，and would be a promising method that suits Chinese actual condition.

The experiments on heat transfer characteristics of the start-up and steady operation processes of pulsating heat pipe were conducted using three working fluids at various inclination angles and heat inputs. Water，methanol，and aqueous methanol were used as working fluid with 50% fill ratio. The characteristics were compared and analyzed between aqueous methanol，water，methanol in the start-up and steady operation processes. The type of start-up for aqueous methanol was gradual start-up at low heat inputs and different inclination angles. Start-up time span of aqueous methanol was longer than that of methanol，but shorter than that of water. In a steady operation process，the temperature of aqueous methanol in heating section was lower than that of methanol，and fluctuation of temperature was larger. Aqueous methanol showed the best thermal performance among them at low and medium heat inputs. The minimum thermal resistances of aqueous methanol were 0.38℃/W and 0.3℃/W at the angle 45°and 90°，respectively.

To address the problem of high energy consumption of highly sour natural gas purification plant，exergy analysis was used to study the energy process of highly sour gas purification plant. The exergy calculation methods of natural gas purification process were established，and exergy calculation method of ionic solution system was corrected to calculate exergy of methylamine solution. On the basis of the whole process model built with simulation software of gas purification process ProMax，energy consumption process of the whole process of highly-sour natural gas purification plant was analyzed by exergy analysis. The exergy efficiency of the whole process of purification plant was 54.2%，with the highest exergy efficiency values of sulfur recovery unit and tail gas treatment unit 66.8% and 66.1% respectively. And the exergy loss of acid gas sweetening unit was the highest. The raw gas of purification plant was high H2S concentration and needed a greater amount of circulating solvent to remove acid gas to reach commodity gas standards. So the energy consumption of absorbing solvent regeneration process was greatly increased. Research conclusions could be used to guide energy evaluation and energy saving retrofit for highly sour natural gas purification plant.

This research established a simplified periodic model for the flow and heat transfer on shell side of heat exchangers with trefoil-baffles. Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model，the flow and heat transfer characteristics on shell side were investigated by using commercial CFD software Fluent14.0 for 8 heat exchanger samples with different structural parameters. Effects of the structural parameters，including baffle pitch，trefoil-hole height and draft tube structure，on the performance of heat transfer and friction were analyzed. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient and pressure gradient decreased when baffle pitch，as well as trefoil-hole height，increased. Baffle pitch and trefoil-hole height had larger influence on pressure drop than that on heat transfer coefficient. The heat exchanger with hexagon draft tube had better heat transfer performance than that with circle draft tube. The comprehensive performances were also evaluated. The Case 4-2（Lb=400mm，H=3.3mm）was best and case 2-2（Lb=400mm，H=1.8mm）was worst among all heat exchangers with different structural parameters.

Experiments were conducted to study the heat transfer and friction factor of the heat transfer tube inserted with rotors with different holes. A 60% glycerin solution was used as tube-side working fluid in the transition region. In order to ensure reliability of experimental results，plain tube validation experiments were also conducted. Meanwhile，the effects of hole on heat transfer enhancement of the rotors were investigated. The Nusselt number of the tube inserted with S=0.375 rotors increased by 9.5% and by 21% than the Nusselt number of the tube inserted with normal rotors and rotors with hole of 3mm diameter respectively. Its friction factor increased by about 9% than the friction factor of the tube inserted with S=0 rotors and S=0.25 rotors. The PEC value of the tube inserted with S=0.375 rotors was the best，while the PEC value of the tube inserted with S=0 rotors was better than the tube inserted with S=0.25 rotors. The diameter of the hole had different impacts on the performance of the rotors. Big hole had a good effect，but on the contrary small hole weakened heat transfer enhancement.

Classify-impact mill is widely used in ultrafine grinding industry. However，current research on the process of classify-impact mill is insufficient. In order to get suitable process parameters for classify-impact mill，the cutted corn stover was used as raw material in this study. The corn stover was firstly crushed by hammer crusher with screen mesh at 4mm，then crushed by classify-impact mill. The effects of secondary air，the number of beaters，circumferential speed of beaters for yield and energy consumption per unit were discussed. The results showed that yield was improved by 43.6 percent in the present of the secondary air. The energy consumption per unit was lower than 4 beaters or 16 beaters when 8 beaters were used in the classify-impact mill，but the improvement was not significant. The yield higher was at circumferential speed of 130m/s.

In order to evaluate the effect of polyphosphonic acid used as stabilizer on hydrogen peroxide decomposition，VSP2 (vent sizing package 2) was used to carry out thermal runaway reaction for various concentrations of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) with H2O2，and H2O2 mixed with 0.01% Fe3+. Thermodynamic parameters were recorded under adiabatic condition，and the time to reach maximum rate TMRad at 25℃ was obtained from the thermodynamics data. Polyphosphonic acid could restrain the effect of temperature and Fe3+ on catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and reduce the risk of thermal runaway significantly. The exothermic onset temperature T0 of H2O2 increased with increasing concentration of ATMP. In 0.04% ATMP environment，T0 of H2O2 increased from 50℃ to 115℃.

The laminar stirred tank processing highly viscous fluid and shear sensitive media is scarcely reported. A mathematical model describing the laminar flow and mixing process of highly viscous non-Newtonian fluid in stirred tank with double combined impeller was established. The laminar model, the multiple reference frame (MRF), and the tracer concentration method were used to simulate the flow field and spreading process of tracer. The axial velocity distribution curves, response curves of tracer concentration and mixing time were analyzed. The working medium was blocked with the middle surface moving in each half layer of centrally stirred tank，and the working medium in eccentrically stirred tank had global movement and prominent axial mixing ability. Tracer in stirred tank with axis rotating centrally continued spreading to the lower layer depending on increasing concentration imbalance，tracer in stirred tank with axis rotating eccentrically relied on the asymmetric structure to spread，and tracer in stirred tank with impeller rotating eccentrically relied on the asymmetric distribution of blade. The monitor points which were near to and far away from the feeding point had long mixing time because of oscillation and adjustment，and the monitor point in the middle had the shortest mixing time.

The process of gas-liquid two-phase flow of internal circulation anaerobic （IC） reactor （25L） was simulated by Fluent software. The influence of internal circulation flow rate with different riser pipe diameters （0.006m，0.009m，0.012m，0.015m，0.018m，0.021m）and volume loading rates [8.64kgCOD/(m3?d)，10.08kgCOD/(m3?d)，11.52kgCOD/(m3?d)，12.96kgCOD/(m3?d)，14.40 kgCOD/(m3?d)，15.84kgCOD/(m3?d)] were investigated. When volume loading rate was 11.52kgCOD/(m3?d)，and riser diameter was 0.015m，a maximum internal circulation flow rate of 0.0079m3/h was observed. When riser diameter was 0.015m，and volume loading rate was 12.96 kgCOD/(m3?d)，a maximum increase amplitude of 9.28% was observed. The correlation of Y=1.0514X+0.004 between internal circulation flow rate（Y） and biogas production（X） was obtained by fitting.

In order to study the effects of particle size on the transformation process and path of red mud under coal-based direct reduction condition during heating process at constant rate，the thermal behavior of red mud under direct reduction conditions was studied with thermal analysis and the existence form of iron minerals in roasted products under different roasting conditions was observed with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Direct reduction process under coal-based condition could be mainly divided into two stages：dehydration and Fe oxides reduction. Furthermore，the reduction degrees of red mud at four particle sizes were obtained. The chemical kinetic parameters at different stages，such as appropriate kinetic mechanisms functions，activation energy and frequency factor were calculated by using the Coats-Redfern method and verified by using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method.

The principle of artificial semiconductor Z-scheme and recent advance in its catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production are reviewed，including photosystem I catalysts (PS1[H2])，photosystem II catalysts (PS2[O2]) and their mediators. Their effects in Z-scheme photocatalysis and mechanism of electron transfer of PS1[H2]，PS2[O2] and their mediators are illustrated. A comparison of photo conversion efficiency among some of the reported Z-scheme systems is made. Future research on Z-scheme systems should be focused on the mechanism of electron transfer of Z-scheme systems without mediators，synthesis of non-noble metal co-catalysts and applications in photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and photoelectrochemistry.

With a long chain conjugated structure and morphology of porous carrier，polypyrrole （PPy) shows advantages of high conductivity，long stability and non-toxicity. But PPy has loose structure and its thermal stability and electrical conductivity are not as good as carbon. PPy as a component of Pt catalyst support for PEMFC is favorable for setting up an effective conducting network for electron and proton transportation and may improve the surface morphology for platinum deposition，and then Pt utilization can be significantly improved. PPy-based transition metal catalyst shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction properties for PEMFC. Optimizing synthesis conditions，changing the mass ratio of components，heat treatment，and doping may improve the performance of PEMFC catalyst. The synergistic effect of M-PPy-C and Pt can be utilized to synthesize Pt/M-PPy-C catalyst with high activity and good durability.

The solar thermal power generation technology has broad application prospects in relieving global resources shortage and improving environment，while large-scale high temperature thermal storage without heat loss is the key in the solar thermal power systems. Three kinds of energy storage methods，including sensible heat storage，phase change energy storage and thermochemical energy storage are compared in this paper. Due to high energy storage density and long term storage energy at ambient temperature without heat loss，thermochemical energy storage technology offers a potential method for high temperature thermal energy storage in solar the thermal power generation system. Besides，technical and economic analysis of the thermochemical energy storage method for solar thermal power technology application is presented，and the recent progress of several promising thermochemical energy storage systems and existing problems are described. According to the technical and economic problems existing in practical application，future research on thermochemical energy storage technology should be focused on design of energy storage reactor，cycle performance investigation in the energy storage and release process，selection of appropriate energy storage system and scale-up study of thermochemical energy storage system.

In this paper，the structure of methylamonium lead trihalide perovskite (CH3NH3PbX3，X = Cl，Br and I) and its application in the novel inorganic-organic hybrid hetero-junction perovskite solar cells are described. The structure and operation principle of the perovskite solar cell are presented，and the influences of material composition，microstructure and preparation method of the compact layer，perovskite absorber layer，and hole-transporting materials on photovoltaic performance and long-term stability are discussed. Photovoltaic performance of the inverted and flexible solar cells is introduced and compared. The development tendency of materials，structure，alternatives for harmful heavy metals，and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is described.

This paper reviews the progress of heterogeneous W-based catalysts used for olefin metathesis and introduces the research progress of olefin metathesis catalyst and metathesis reaction mechanism. This review focuses on the role of MgO aid in WO3/SiO2 catalytic propylene metathesis reaction，such as generating active gas-phase “excited species”，promoting double bond isomerization，adjusting acidity to reduce side effects and adsorbing poisons to purify the raw material，etc. In addition，this paper also presents the research trend of heterogeneous MgO-WO3/SiO2 metathesis catalysts to provide guidance and reference for development of highly active MgO-WO3/SiO2 catalytic systems.

The effects of CrAl carrier preparation process and Pd loading methods on the catalytic activity of Cr modified Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for low concentration methane combustion were investigated，and the influence of Ce addition on the high-temperature stability of catalyst was also tested. X-ray diffraction and temperature programmed reduction were used to characterize the structure and redox ability of catalysts. The I-CrAl carrier prepared by impregnation had high specific surface area，and the pores were not blocked. Reduction treatment in the process of Pd loading significantly improved the activity of catalysts. Temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen verified that the reduction process improved the catalyst reduction ability. Addition of Ce enhanced catalyst stability by resisting sintering of Al2O3 at high temperature.

Supported heteropoly acid PWH/SiO2 was prepared by impregnation. The optimum conditions of preparation （40% loading and calcination temperature of 200℃） were determined by alkylation of toluene with isopropanol，as well as characterization of XRD，FT-IR and N2-adsorption/desorption. The most favorable alkylation reaction conditions were as follows：reaction temperature 200℃，toluene/isopropanol ratio 4∶1，and space velocity 2h?1. Under the optimized conditions，conversion of isopropanol reached 92.94%，and selection of alkylation was 83.89%.

Bronsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(propionyloxy) high piperidine hydrogen sulfate ([HMILS] HSO4) and bis-(1-high piperidine) butylidene double hydrogen sulfate (HMIBL[HSO4]2) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR，1H NMR，elemental analysis and thermal analysis. As uni-nuclear and bi-nuclear tertiary ammonium ionic liquids，they were used in the esterification reaction of citric acid with n-butyl alcohol for investigating their catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of ionic liquids was related to its acidity，and HMIBL[HSO4]2 had higher acidity and catalytic activity. Conversion of citric acid and selectivity to TBC were 98.91% and 99.53% respectively under the reaction conditions of n(alcohol)∶n(acid)∶n(IL)=5∶1∶0.05，temperature 120℃，reaction time 3h. Acidic ionic liquid could be recycled and exhibit high stability upon reusage. It still remained highly active even after being resued for ten times.

This paper describes the structural elements of preparing transparent polyamides，in which the capability to inhibit crystallization behavior and crystal size should be crucial to their transmittance. We classify the transparent polyamides into aliphatic polyamides and aromatic polyamides，and further classify these aliphatic transparent polyamides into alicyclic，pendent-alicyclic and linear chain aliphatic copolymer. Similarly，the aromatic transparent polyamides are also classified into three types as non-pendent group，pendent group and complex structure according to chain characteristics. The optical，mechanical，thermal and chemical resistance properties of related polyamides are reviewed，and the processing conditions and applications of these materials are also presented. Transparent aliphatic polyamides usually have excellent weather resistance and UV resistance while transparent aromatic polyamides usually have strong heat resistance and mechanical properties. The study of transparent polyamides in the future will increasingly focus on biodegradability，common solvent solubility and high heat resistance，etc.

Increasing working temperature can improve performance of hydrogen fuel cells，while short-side chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) displays a great potential in this aspect. The properties of PFSA membranes with different side chains are introduced and compared，including ion-exchange capacity (IEC)，processability，mechanical properties，and decomposition stability. The research status of SSC PFSA membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is outlined. The length of side chain affects performance of PFSA resins remarkably. Absence of ether group and tertiary carbon in SSC PFSA endows it with better stability and durability. Higher conductivity and water retention capability of SSC PFSA membranes make them more suitable for working under harsh conditions，like high temperature and low humidity. Research trends of SSC PFSA are illustrated，including reducing cost，lowering permeability of hydrogen and methanol，elucidating transport and degradation mechanism，and improving running performance under actual conditions.

Supported ionic liquid membrane （SILM） has relatively low stability at high cross-membrane pressure difference （0.25－0.3MPa）. Polymerized ionic liquid membrane and ionic liquid ? polymer mixed membrane can eliminate the instability problem of the SILM. This review presented a summary on the latest developments in the research of SILM，polymerized ionic liquid membrane and ionic liquid ? polymer mixed membrane used for CO2 separation with respect to the separation performance，transport mechanism and stability. The research on a three-component mixed-matrix membrane，inorganic particle ? ionic liquid ? polymer mixed membrane，by dispersing inorganic nano-particles in polymer matrix containing ionic liquid was also introduced. It was indicated that the challenges for the ionic liquid membranes technologies applied on an industrial scale include the trade-off between high CO2 permeation rate and high stability，and the difficulties with the structural arrangement of the mixed membrane. Significant improvements of the separation performance and stability of the ionic liquid membranes can be achieved by developing new membrane materials，improving membrane fabrication techniques to reduce membrane thickness and optimize membrane structure. Inorganic particle ? ionic liquid ? polymer mixed membrane showed a good prospect in CO2 separation for its higher separation performance combining with better stability. The study on the fabrication，structure，separation performance and mechanism of the new type of membrane will inevitably draw considerable attention.

Forward osmosis (FO) technology has received wide attention because of its low energy consumption，contamination resistance and other advantages，and has achieved rapid development in recent years. This paper introduces the influence factors and concentration polarization during the FO process. Internal concentration polarization is an important factor affecting penetration efficiency of FO technology，and preparation of suitable membrane material is the key technology to improve internal concentration polarization .The development of forward osmosis separation technology at home and abroad is also presented. Different materials and structures of forward osmosis membranes have been prepared successfully after years of hard work and research. The latest research progress of the membrane materials in FO field is presented. Application of many forward osmosis membrane materials is restrained by technical difficulties，which should be resolved in the future to shorten the gap between theory and practice，and achieve innovative results in the practical application of membrane materials.

Trimethyl borate is a kind of important boron compound and has widely applied in different sectors. However，it is also associated with low yield and negative environment impact in conventional process for producing trimethyl borate. This paper is aimed to introduce several methods for the synthesis of trimethyl borate，such as direct synthesis，catalytic synthesis，and direct reaction with raw materials of boron oxide. Trimethyl borate was prepared by direct reaction with raw materials of boron halide and other methods of synthetic process. Several purification methods of trimethyl borate，such as extractive distillation，azeotropic distillation and salting out，and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. The research should be more focused on direct synthesis，static catalytic bed， better extraction agent，and salting-out agent. A multi-separation-method is proposed for the future separation of trimethyl borate.

Kenyaite was widely used in catalysis and adsorption due to its catalytic，adsorption and ion-exchange properties. The kenyaite as a single phase was successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method，the silicon source and the alkali source were precipitated silica with high purity and low prices，sodium carbonate (AR)，and sodium hydroxide (AR) respectively. The influence of key reaction parameters，including reaction time and temperature，were studied. The resultant crystals were characterized by XRD，SEM，IR，XRF and Simultaneous thermal analyzer. Results showed that the temperature is a major factor affecting kenyaite preparation and the best crystallized conditions for perfect kenyaite is achieved at crystallization temperature of 170℃ and crystallization time of 24h. The as-synthesized magadiite has a rosette like morphology and has high stability under the temperature of 250℃.

Imidazolium-functionalized polyethersulfone (ImPES), a material for CO2 separation, was successfully synthesized. Subsequently, a fixed-carrier composite membrane was prepared with ImPES as the active layer and Polypropylene (PP) micro-filtration membrane as the support layer. The effects of degree of Imidazolium (DIm), ImPES concentration, test temperature and pressure on the performance of the membrane were investigated. Measurements carried out with humid feed revealed the performance of ImPES/PP membrane was improved with the increase of DIm. ImPES/PP membrane sample of 64% DIm and 20% ImPES concentration showed a CO2 permeation rate of 23.92 GPU and a CO2/N2 ideal separation factor of 65.34 in the test conditions of 30℃ and 0.4MPa.

High surface area activated carbons were prepared with bio-char as raw material and ZnCl2 as activating agent. Effects of impregnation ratio，activator concentration，activation temperature，and activation time on the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon were studied. The properties and pore structure of the carbon were characterized with nitrogen adsorption-desorption，scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)，power X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The suitable preparation condition was obtained as follows：impregnation ratio of 3，activator concentration of 40%，activation temperature of 600℃ and activation time of 90min. The results show that the methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon，which was obtained under above condition，reaches to 213mg/g，which was much higher than the national first level for activated carbon. The activated carbon has a large apparent surface area (SBET=631.2m2/g)，relatively concentrated pore (2nm pore is more than 84.4%) and high adsorption power volume (V=0.352cm3/g).

Ferric magnetic graphene oxide was prepared using hydrothermal precipitation method，and immobilized pectinase on it with crosslinking regeant. There is few report on the immobilisation of pectinase on magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Active groups and characteristics were characterized using FT-IR and SEM analysis. It was illustrated that active groups (—OH etc.) were formed on MGO，which lead to well dispersion in water phase. High loading densities (1453mg per g of support) was obtained，which is higher than that of activated carbon and diatomite. In addition，kinetic parameters of enzymatic catalysis were investigated，and characterized by Kcat 7.41h?1，catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) 0.98mL/(h?mg) and Km 7.55mg/mL. Stability of immobilized enzyme was enhanced and 58% residual activity was maintained after 10 cycle of application.

The diversity of bacterial groups in activated sludge samples received in different sewage treatment plants from different areas of China was investigated by combining with traditional pure culture technique and degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. After the colonies were sequenced，the obtained sequence results by Blast analysis were used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Most bacteria were affiliated with the Betaproteobacteria，Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. The DGGE patterns showed that there were many common bands in all systems，suggesting the high similarity of bacterial communities in different systems. Meanwhile，there were also specific bands in each sample. Also，the similarity in the same area is greater than that in different areas，which is mainly related to different natural and economic environment and people’s living habits.

The lipase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (LipA) is a kind of ester-bond hydrolysis enzyme catalyst of triacylglycerol. The LipA genes (lipA) were cloned into pET28a (T7 promoter) and pTrc99A (Trc promoter)，yielding pET28a-lipA and pTrc99A-lipA，and transformed into the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and Top10，respectively. The strain harboring pTrc99A-lipA produced more recombinant LipA than the strain harboring pET28a-lipA. The recombinant LipA was purified to homogeneity from E. coli by a simple two-step procedure involving heat treatment and DEAE-Sephacel. The purified recombinant LipA reached 1.9U/mg. The recombinant LipA had a molecular mass of 42kDa on SDS-PAGE. The maximum activity was at pH 4.5 and 80℃. The purified enzyme was stable from pH 4.0—6.0，and retained approx. 60% of its activity after 2h at 85℃. The LipA activity were decreased 38.9% and 69.2% by Cu2+ and Zn2+ (5mmol/L)，respectively. Mn2+，Co2+ and Tween-20 had positive effect on the activity of LipA. The recombinant LipA had a Km of 1.5 mmol/L and kcat of 34.5s?1 for p-nitrophenyl-laurate.

Superspreader is a kind of pesticide agent，which can significantly increase the coverage area of pesticide solution on the surface of the plant leaf，and improve the utilization efficiency of the pesticide and the yield of crop. Trisiloxane polyoxyethylene surfactants with particular structure exhibits rapid spreading of pesticide solutions on low-energy plant surfaces，often called “superspreading”，has attracted considerable interest from chemists because of its theoretical and practical implications. In this paper，various theories have been presented to explain the superspreading behavior of the trisiloxane aqueous solution on low-energy hydrophobic surfaces. In this article，microstructure and wettability of the plant surface are reviewed，to study the superspreading mechanism，the influence of the structure of surpespreader，the change of the phase behavior and structures of surfactant aggregates in bulk solutions，different substrate hydrophobicity，marangoni effect of the surface tension gradients，and autophilic spreading on its superwettability are also discussed. In addition，problems existed in this research field and the prospect of superspreading mechanism are also given，which is providing a theoretical basis and guidance for the design and synthesis of surperspreader and its superspreading mechanism.

The cellulose was coupling-treated with ionic liquid (IL)，1-methyl-3-ethyl-imidazole dimethyl phosphate ([MEIM][DMP])，and surfactant. The influence of surfactants on enzymatic hydrolysis was examined，and the mechanism was analyzed by IR and XRD. The results show that the hydrolysis rate of treated-cellulose with [MEIM][DMP]/polyethylene glycol 4000(PEG4000) was 78.2% higher than that of untreated cellulose，and 6.5% higher than that of regenerated cellulose with no surfactant treatment. The IR spectrum showed PEG4000 molecular characteristics peak. The XRD analysis showed that the regenerated cellulose was almost amorphous zone with PEG4000 treatment. Therefore，it can be used to further improve the hydrolysis rate of cellulose treated with PEG4000. And the degree of crystallinity decreased，thereby increasing the rate of hydrolysis.

Using oleic acid as raw materials，the polyester polyols were prepared via hydroxylation，modification and esterification. The influences of reaction conditions，such as the molar ratio of alcohol and acid，atmospheric pressure reaction temperature and time，stress reaction temperature and time，the catalyst dosage，were investigated. The relationship between esterification reagent ratio and property of polyols was also studied. The infrared spectrum(IR)，gel permeation chromatograph (GPC)，and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to measure structure，molecular weight and thermal stability of the products systematically. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition was obtained as following，the used catalyst ZnO dosage was 0.8% in the raw materials，the molar ratio of alcohol and acid was 1.1∶1，the atmospheric pressure reaction time was 90min at 210℃ and stress reaction time was 120min at 180℃.

In this paper，β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to form inclusion compound of 1-methyl-3-(2-methylcyclopropyl)-1-cyclopropene/Cu-β-cyclodextrin successfully. The structure and component of this inclusion compound were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FT-IR)，X-ray diffraction(XRD)，gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results indicated that the inclusion compound of 1-methyl-3- (2-methylcyclopropyl)-1-cyclopropene/Cu-β-cyclodextrin was a brand new compound. The 1-MMCPCP content in this new compound was 2.4%±1%，which was measured by weight loss method.

Without the introduction of other solvents，the synthesis of diethylene glycol monoallyl ether[2-(2-allyloxy-ethoxy)-ethanol] was prepared with diethylene glycol，allyl chloride and sodium hydroxide as the raw material and tetrabutylammonium chloride as phase transfer catalyst by the method of Williamson. The product was characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectra. The effects of reaction time，reaction temperature，molar ratio，the amount of alkali and catalyst on the yield of target product were investigated. The optimal condition was determined as follows：n(diethylene glycol)∶n(sodium hydroxide)∶n(allyl chloride) =6∶1.2∶1，m(catalyst)∶m(allyl chloride)=0.05∶1，at 80℃ for 3h. The yield of the product could reach 86.7% and the purity was 99.2% under the optimal reaction condition.

In order to improve the shortcomings of water-resistant of soy protein isolate(SPI) adhesive，SPI was modified by urea and then poly(vinyl-acetate)(PVAc) latex/urea modified SPI blending adhesives was prepared. The mass ratios of urea modified SPI and PVAc latex，blending time，the contents of crosslinking agent，crosslinking time were investigated by an orthogonal experiment to evaluate their effects on the shear bond strengths. The optimal preparation condition was determined. And based on this formula，the hot pressing parameters were optimized by another orthogonal experiment. The results have shown as follows. The mass ratio of urea modified SPI and poly(vinyl-acetate) latex was 10∶1，the blending time was 1h，the mass concentration of crosslinking agent was 1.0%，the crosslinking time was 1.5h，the hot pressing temperature was 120℃，the hot pressing pressure was 1.2MPa，and the hot pressing time was 2min/mm，the amount of gum was 250 g/m2，the dry shear bond strength was 2.01MPa，and the wet shear bond strength was 1.04MPa by national typeⅠplywood testing standard. The modifying mechanism of blending poly(vinyl-acetate) latex/urea modified SPI adhesives was discussed.

Using acetone oxime and hydrochloric acid as raw materials，the hydrolysis of acetone oxime was carried out to prepare hydroxylamine hydrochloride. A quantitative analysis method by combining HPLC detection and redox titration was set up for the analysis of the reversible hydrolysis reaction equilibrium. The obtained analysis data of the combined method had a recovery of 99.64% and a RSD of no more than 2.04% (n=6). After that，a reactive distillation device was set up for the hydrolysis of acetone oxime，and the process technology of the reactive distillation was studied and optimized. The result showed that，at condition when the molar ratio of acetone oxime to HCl = 1∶2，HCl mass fraction at 38%，heating temperature at 130℃ and reaction time at 3h，the raw material conversion of acetone oxime approached around 89% and the product yield of hydroxylamine hydrochloride reached about 84%.

Emerging contaminants（ECs），such as surfactant，personal care products（PPCPs），estrogens，perfluorinated compounds（PFCs），phthalates and nanoparticles（NPs）are commonly absorbed in the sludge from wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）. Occurrence of ECs could affect anaerobic digestion （AD）and land application of sludge，and also itself could be degraded. In the present paper，the effects of six kinds of typical ECs on sludge anaerobic digestion were analyzed and their mechanisms were proposed. Meanwhile，degradation of ECs during sludge anaerobic fermentation was discussed. Their biodegradation was influenced by physico-chemical properties，biodegradability，concentration and co-metabolism. Future research on ECs in the sludge should be focused on degradation methods，pathways and mechanisms of ECs in order to benefit land application of sludge.

The particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust can easily get inhaled and do great harm to human health. Incineration of particulate matter from diesel exhaust can be realized simply by oxidation，yet it mainly consists of carbon soot and SOF. The aftertreatment techniques for PM，including diesel particulate filters （DPFs） coupled with regeneration，diesel oxidant catalyst （DOC），and electrostatic capture are reviewed. The non-thermal plasma technique is introduced. The common chemical reactions in plasma reactors are presented. Different types of discharge in gas are also discussed. Direct and indirect plasma method based on different locations of plasma equipment are presented. The latter one helps avoid bad effects on plasma process caused by high temperature. The traditional methods for soot inciberation are rather mature in comparison with the plasma method. So more researches on the plasma process are suggested，so as to provide reference for the development and application of plasma reactors.

The oxidative desulfurization performance on model oil with thiophene was investigated with ionic liquid FeCl3/BmimCl and Schiff-base cobalt complex CoL and oxygen as the desulfurization system. Thiophene removal rate could reach 96% under the optimum condition，in which model oil dosage was 25mL，mole ratio of FeCl3/BmimCl was 1∶1 and its dosage was 8 mL，oxygen flow rate was 50 mL/min，reaction temperature was 62℃，CoL dosage was 0.13g，reaction time was 6h. The final thiophene content in the desulfurized model oil could be less than 50μg/g，and the oxidation product of thiophene was SO42?. The ionic liquid FeCl3/BmimCl could be recycled 4 times without significant decrease in desulfurization capability. The oxidative desulfurization rate of diesel oil could reach 100% with the above desulfurization system，which had good application prospect.

Lead-acid battery currently still occupies the largest market share among secondary batteries. The discarded lead wastes generated in its manufacturing process were mostly collected by hazardous waste treatment company and recycled by pyrometallurgical process. Because of higher energy consumption and SO2 pollution，a hydrometallurgical process was developed for recovering lead from discarded lead wastes，using citric acid and ammonium hydroxide as leaching agent. The lead citrate precursors were obtained and then calcined to produce novel ultrafine lead oxide powder. In this process，the desulfurization efficiency of around 99.9% could be achieved. Ultrafine lead oxide with oxidizability more than 93.0% could be prepared by calcination of lead citrate precursors at a lower temperature of 375℃. This novel lead oxide powder had the advantages of small size and high specific surface area，compared with traditional lead oxide powder. CV tests showed that this novel lead oxide powder exhibited good charge-discharge cyclic reversibility and could be directly used for preparation of lead acid battery. A new route to recycle and reuse of discarded lead wastes from lead acid battery manufacturing was provided.

Thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane is an effective way to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The aim of this work was to study the microwave-assisted decomposition of methane over a char produced from sludge pyrolysis in a fixed-bed quartz-tube reactor. The influencing factors，including microwave power，atmospheric condition，particle size，and CH4 concentration，on the conversion of CH4 to H2 were investigated. CH4 conversion increased with increasing microwave power and decreasing particle sizes. Under different atmospheric conditions，the char exhibited different temperature rising characteristics. A higher average temperature was achieved in N2 or H2 atmosphere than in CH4 atmosphere. CH4 conversion increased with increasing CH4 concentration. SEM results showed that during CH4 decomposition reaction，carbon produced from CH4 decomposition would deposit on the surface of the catalyst. The spent char had lower surface area and larger pore diameter than those of fresh ones. This observation suggests that carbon deposition would prohibit the contact between active center of char and CH4，leading to deactivation of the char.

The importance and performance requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cell，and the core idea and basic principle of TRIZ (Theory of the solution for inventive problems) theory are introduced. Combined with actual technical solution，the real course of development about intellectual property improvement in proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane materials is verified by parameters selection，contradiction matrix analysis and invention principles solving. On the basis of the solution process and corresponding conclusion，in virtue of abstractive invention principles introduced by TRIZ，reasonable prediction of development direction for membrane materials’ conductivity/stability is made. Improvement of film material can be achieved more targeted. For proton exchange film，improvement of fuel cell properties can be searched in at least such way as purification process，selection process and element coordination function of fuel cell.