Abstract: Lead-acid battery currently still occupies the largest market share among secondary batteries. The discarded lead wastes generated in its manufacturing process were mostly collected by hazardous waste treatment company and recycled by pyrometallurgical process. Because of higher energy consumption and SO2 pollution，a hydrometallurgical process was developed for recovering lead from discarded lead wastes，using citric acid and ammonium hydroxide as leaching agent. The lead citrate precursors were obtained and then calcined to produce novel ultrafine lead oxide powder. In this process，the desulfurization efficiency of around 99.9% could be achieved. Ultrafine lead oxide with oxidizability more than 93.0% could be prepared by calcination of lead citrate precursors at a lower temperature of 375℃. This novel lead oxide powder had the advantages of small size and high specific surface area，compared with traditional lead oxide powder. CV tests showed that this novel lead oxide powder exhibited good charge-discharge cyclic reversibility and could be directly used for preparation of lead acid battery. A new route to recycle and reuse of discarded lead wastes from lead acid battery manufacturing was provided.

Key words: discarded lead wastes, hydrometallurgical process, lead citrate, ultrafine lead oxide

摘要： 铅酸蓄电池目前仍然占据二次电池的最大市场份额，其生产过程中产生的含铅废料的回收仍以危废公司收集后采用传统火法冶炼再生为主，存在SO2污染严重、能耗高等问题。本文提出一种以柠檬酸结合氨水为浸出剂的湿法回收含铅废料的新工艺，制备柠檬酸铅前体，经过低温焙烧获取新型超细铅粉，并对该工艺浸出反应机理进行了初步探讨。新工艺的脱硫率能够达到99.9%左右，柠檬酸铅前体经过375℃低温焙烧，可制备氧化度超过93.0%的新型铅粉，与传统球磨氧化铅粉相比较，具有粒径较小、比表面积大等优点。新型铅粉经过循环伏安法（CV）分析，初步显示出良好的充放电的循环可逆性，所制备铅粉可以直接回用制备新电池。本文的研究为铅酸电池企业含铅废料的回收利用提供了一条新的途径。

关键词: 含铅废料, 湿法工艺, 柠檬酸铅, 超细铅粉