The progress of China’s petrochemical industry under the conditions of high crude price and slowdown in economy in year 2013 is summarized. Firstly，the running of petrochemical industry was smooth and steady，then turning to better；output value and gross profit achieved double-digit growth. Because refinery production ran smoothly and ethylene production turned to better，a significant increase in profits was achieved. Secondly，performance of China's petrochemical production in 2013 was satisfactory. Crude oil processing volume reached 478.6 million tons，an increase of 3.3%. Ethylene production reached 16.23 million tons，an increase of 8.5%. Propylene production reached 14.6 million tons，an increase of 11%. Synthetic resin production reached 58.37 million tons，an increase of 11%. Synthetic rubber production reached 4.09 million tons，an increase of 6.3%. Synthetic fibers production reached 37.39 million tons，an increase of 7.1%. Fertilizers production reached 71.54 million tons，an increase of 4.9%. Thirdly，progress was made in building a world-class petrochemical industry. Crude oil processing volume and ethylene production output were continually keeping the world’s second. Aromatics chain ranked world-class. Production of three synthetic materials was in the forefront. Large refining and ethylene plants for the first time realized an overhaul once every four years. Fourthly，new progress was made in the transformation and upgrading of petrochemical industry. Modern coal chemical industry was smoothly integrated into the petrochemical production system. Petrochemical industry was intervening to biomass chemical，and aviation kerosene was successfully produced by using biomass and obtained airworthiness passport. Fifthly，about technology progress，2000kt/a high efficiency （SHEER） hydrogenation package technology was successfully developed. A 2000kt/a diesel liquid circulation hydrogenation unit can produce refined diesel fuel with a total sulfur content of 3mg/kg. The second-generation of S-Zorb technology development was successful，and 15 sets for producing European V grade gasoline would be built. Wuhan Petrochemical 800kt/a steam cracking plant was built for the first time using proprietary ethylene technology and was put into operation. Breakthrough was made in propylene refrigeration compressor for 100MT/a ethylene cracker and CBL-R pyrolysis furnace. A large integrated aromatics plant with capacity of 600kt/a was successfully built in Hainan using proprietary technology. 120kt/a second generation styrene technology with energy-saving feature was successfully developed and put into operation at the Baling Petrochemical. Gas-phase metallocene polyethylene grade （PE-RT） for pipe making was produced and achieved certification. China’s first set of 30kt/a brominated butyl rubber production plant was successfully built at the Yanshan Petrochemical. The industrial test for methanol to aromatics fluidized bed technology was successful at ten thousand tons scale. Sixthly，the key role of the petrochemical operation mode for cost reduction and efficiency enhancement under high crude price and medium economy growth conditions was also emphasized，including improving access mechanism to oil resources，improving the ability to process lower cost crude oil，carrying out the full refining process optimization project，allocating residue according to economic benefit of residue processing，increasing efforts to alternative chemical light oil with non-oil raw materials. At the same time，some problems at potential or deep level in 2013 were also considered，including overcapacity of China’s oil refining industry，adhering to well-established petrochemical operation mode with Chinese characteristics，weakness in eliminating emissions，inspiration drawn from revitalization of US petrochemical industry by shale gas，and the PX anxiety event reflecting the importance of popularizing petrochemical science. Based on analysis of the situation in 2014，some better running conditions for petrochemical industry were noticed，such as China’s macro economy will continuously keep steady running，GDP growth will be flat or slightly lower than last year，it is expected that China’s domestic market in 2014 will demand more gasoline and diesel，ethylene，propylene，aromatics，synthetic resins and synthetic rubber. China’s petrochemical industry in the actual operation in 2014 will rely on this important foundation to keep running more safely，to stress energy conservation and emissions reduction，to implement green low-carbon concept，to accelerate structural adjustment，to continuously use the proven high crude price operation mode and experience，to persist in overcoming overcapacity for winning market competition，to achieve new results in enhancing economic efficiency continuously，to play the main role of enterprise in technological innovation，to make new progress in shifting towards product structure of basic plus high-end，to make breakthrough in sustainable development and accelerating structural changes of raw material to the energy chemical type. Finally，petrochemical industry in 2014 will show more positive recovery trend. It is expected that as China’s pillar industry，petrochemical industry will make more contribution for economic and social development.

Biomethane route/system is one of the most important ways of reasonablely utilizing biomass，reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. There is not an insight analysis focusing on the material and energy conversion，economic and environment issues of the system. In order to have an insight understanding of biomethane system，this paper reviews the related units and sub-systems which affect the system from the viewpoint of process system engineering，including feedstock fermentation，biogas upgrading and product transportation，and makes analysis and evaluation. Research progress of evaluation of the effects of biomethane process on technology，economy and environment and multi-objective optimization in China and the rest of the world is presented，and technical bottlenecks and challenges of research on biomethane system are discussed. Aimed at the specialties of resources，a system integration method comprehensively considering process simulation，energy efficiency analysis，whole life cycle，and economic evaluation is required to evaluate and analyze material conversion，energy efficiency，and environmental impact in digestion of biomethane，product separation，storage，and transportation to find out the bottleneck of sustainable performance，and further to make multi-objective optimization of technology，economy and environment to achieve optimized utilization of biomethane and optimized allocation of energy resources.

The applications of experiment and numerical simulation method on the research of rod baffle heat exchanger are reviewed，and their research achievements on the structure optimization of rod baffle heat exchanger are presented. Simulation has been used by more and more researchers with the development of computing technology，but computing devices of high performance are needed. Among the simulation methods，the applications of porous medium model，periodical unit duct model，periodical whole section model and the method of “simulate section by section，analyze integrally” are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and model are analyzed，as well as their scopes of application. For different research purposes，different methods should be used. A combination of such methods and models can provide full information for researchers，including flow field，pressure field and temperature field，guiding the work of structure optimization of rod baffle heat exchanger correctly and effectively.

Float valve tower is a widely used vapor-liquid mass transfer equipment. The new valve trays developed from F1 valve tray in China are introduced. These new value trays have lower pressure drop，lower entrainment rate，lower weeping rate，and higher processing capacity. The structure，hydrodynamics，mass transfer efficiency，advantages and disadvantages are summarized，focusing on time of development and type of tray. Valve tray design and development concepts of each series are summarized. The successful example of directed valve trays applications in Qilu Petrochemical butadiene unit is described. The quality of product and tray loading rate are greatly improved. Some common trays used in industrial production are introduced. The development ideas of these new valve trays are described. The float valve is mainly bar shape and a directed hole is opened in most valve trays. Future research and development of tray technology are prospected.

Cyclone has the advantages of simple structure and stable performance，but the separation efficiency is relative low for particles smaller than10μm. This research designed a new dynamic cyclone with added rotor blades，and improved the separation efficiency. The flow field were also simulated and studied experimentally. The RNG k-ε model and RSM model were used to simulate the gas-phase flow and the DPM model based on Eulerian-Lagrangian method was used to simulate the particle-phase flow. Tangential velocity and separation efficiency were simulated with different inlet velocities and rotate speeds，and the simulation predictions were validated by the experimental results measured by Electrical Low Pressure Impactor （ELPI）. The results showed that the separation efficiency of the dynamic cyclone was good for particle larger than 5μm. And the simulation predictions proved that the tangential velocity distributions were mainly dominated by the rotate speeds for the region of impeller and dominated by the inlet velocity for the region outside of the impeller.

Oscillatory baffled heat exchangers （OBHEs） are widely used in chemical processes involving heat or mass transfer. OBHE with spiral fins inserted was simulated using the three dimensional unsteady method in the range of Strouhal number St=2，4，8 and oscillatory Reynolds number Reo=20，40，80. Instantaneous three dimensional stream lines were drawn to show the change of flow status with time，and periodic formation and shedding of spanwise and streamwise vortexes was observed. The changes with time of peripheral local heat transfer coefficients （HTCs）and peripherally averaged HTCs with different oscillatory parameters （St and Reo） were obtained. The local HTCs were not distributed uniformly peripherally and a maximum value was reached at the diagonally across position of fins. Peripherally averaged HTC varied with time periodically and time averaged HTC increased with increasing amplitude，but hardly changed with frequency. In the range covered by this work，averaged HTC could be four times higher than that of tube laminar flow.

The stirring effect experiment of immersion top-blowing into molten bath in slag cleaning furnace was conducted for ISA smelting system. A scaled down water model platform of the bath was designed and built. A three top-blowing combination regimen was determined with an optimum range of immersion depth calculated from actual production data. Experimental conditions were the same as actual production，such as gas holdup and injection speed. The experiment studied the impact of single spray gun immersion depth on stirring effect，and compared photos and experimental results under different conditions. When top-blowing immersion depth was about 1/2—2/3 of the slag layer thickness，two-phase mixing injection was optimum，and stirring effect in the bath was also optimum. The stirring radius of two-phase flow in the bath was greater. Application to actual production saved above 8% fuel quantity of single spray gun.

Shenmu long-flame coal chars were prepared at carbonization temperature 400℃，450℃，500℃，550℃ respectively using fixed bed pyrolysis apparatus under isolated condition. Reaction of pulverized coal injection（PCI）in a blast furnace was simulated using a drop tube furnace （DTF） to investigate the burnout behavior of low rank coal char and the influence of final pyrolysis temperature，particle size，combustion reaction temperature on combustion behavior. Char combustion behavior was better than anthracite selected in this test，and there was a negative relationship between char combustion behavior and fuel ratio. The higher the fuel ratio，the worse the combustion behavior. Decreasing final pyrolysis temperature and particle size，increasing combustion reaction temperature could improve char combustion behavior. When final pyrolysis temperature was 400℃，particle size was 100—200 mesh，combustion reaction temperature was 1100℃，burnout of coal char was 96%. Preparation and combustion conditions of coal char were similar to existing low temperature pyrolysis and blast furnace injection process，and performance of char met the requirements of blast furnace injection coal.

Mechanical agitators are widely used in accelerating the dissolution of hydrophobically associating polymer. However，the polymer dissolution process changes from multiphase to single phase，from low viscosity to high viscosity. Many problems occur in using single agitator for polymer dissolution. In this paper，the effects of double agitators on polymer dissolution were investigated. The double agitators were composed of inner hydrofoil impeller KCX suitable for low and medium viscosity fluid and outer anchor and frame type impeller MS suitable for high viscosity fluid. Different kinds of operating conditions were also studied，such as different pumping directions of impeller KCX （up and down）and different speeds for impeller MS，and a comparison of experimental and numerical simulation result of KCX impeller's power was performed. The experimental results showed that different agitators had different effects during polymer dissolution. The same rotation direction of inner impeller KCX and outer impeller MS increased flow rate and overall circulation in stirred tank，and accelerated dissolution of hydrophobic associating polymer. The best way for polymer dissolution is that impeller KCX operates with down-pumping direction and rotates with the same direction of MS.

The seismic isolation measures in the existing large building construction were studied in order to seek for the appropriate methods about shock absorption and isolation of large LNG storage tank. According to the demand of engineering isolation design of LNG storage tank，the theory of physical isolation and the method of isolation，the calculation of analytical method under different conditions were summarized. Considering the structural features of LNG storage tank，the standard composite model based on response spectrum analysis of LNG storage tank was proposed. Various physical isolation methods could be used in LNG storage tank technology. The frequency change of tank equipped with seismic isolation measures was the important factor of isolation effect. Further theoretical research is the basis for developing LNG seismic technology. The standard composite model of seismic analysis would provide a set of simple and effective design method for seismic design of storage tank.

This paper introduces the theory，implementation model and application of STEP （solar thermal electrochemical production） which can generate energy molecules. Using solar energy as energy source，the STEP process produces metal，fuel，chlorine，some other energy materials and carbon capture efficiently and orientedly. It provides a new path to convert and store solar energy as chemical energy by synergy and coupling of solar light-heat-electricity utilization efficiency and molecular light-heat-electricity chemical reaction characteristics. The paper points out the breakthrough and application prospect of STEP process in solar chemistry as follows，hydrogen production in molten hydroxides electrolyte，carbon-free iron generation in molten carbonates electrolyte which contains iron compound，chlorine and magnesium generation in molten chlorides electrolyte，carbon capture and carbon-free cement production in molten carbonates electrolyte. STEP process provides an alternative way for realizing the reduction of greenhouse gases emission and comprehensive utilization of carbon dioxide.

Corn cob is a kind of abundant and sustainable resource which can be used to produce high-value chemical products. In this study，formic acid（3%） was used as catalyst to hydrolyse corn cob. Several conditions of reaction time （0—240 min） and reaction temperature （120—150℃） were studied to produce xylose at a constant liquid to soild ratio of 10 mL/g. Kinetic parameters of two-phase model for predicting the concentration of xylose in the hydrolysates were established. The activation energy of xylose degradation was higher than that of xylose formation，indicating that higher temperature was negative to xylose production. The maximum xylose concentration of 26.9 g/L was achieved under the optimal conditions （3% acid mass ratio，180 min，140℃，and 10 mL/g liquid to soild ratio）.

Based on thermogravimetric analyzer （TG），Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）and spectrometer and mass （MS） three-line profits for Gansu oil shale were studied by FTIR analysis and pyrolysis. The chemical composition and chemical structure of the sample was obtained through analyzing the spectra. The results showed that the chemical structures of samples are characterized by relatively higher amounts of aliphatic groups which is composed of TGA/FTIR/MS spectrometer. Experimental results indicates the whole pyrolysis process could be divided into two stages，as low temperature and high temperature ones. While pyrolysis behavior mainly occurred in low temperature stage（400—600℃），during which weigh loss ratio of oil shale is up to 70%，and volatile substance rapidly degraded in whole. In pyrolysis process，evolved gas such as H2，H2O，CO2，CH4，CO，SO2 and light hydrocarbon，pyrolysis productivity of oil shale is much lower in high temperature stage （600—850℃）. It is a small amount vapor decomposed from carbonate of mineral substance in this stage. This paper is to investigate the evolved gas from two pyrolysis stages，disclose the composition，the time and the mechanism of gas evolution，and reach the chemical reaction kinetics parameters of pyrolysis.

The noxious gas H2S generated during oil shale retorting pollutes natural environment and harms human health. A numerical model was established according to experimental data for the research on the release characteristics of H2S in retorting gases. Aspen Plus was used for the calculation，and the result approximately complied with that of the experiment. The effects of final retorting temperature on the release amount and rate of hydrogen sulfide were analyzed. For a specific temperature range，the amount of H2S release and total gas release increased as final retorting temperature increased. The calculation result was in good agreement with the experimental data，providing theoretical foundation for the conversion and distribution of sulfur during oil shale retorting.

Ethylene glycol （EG），one of bulk chemicals has strategic significance for the basic industries and new industries. This paper reviews advances in novel technologies of synthesis of EG by using ethylene oxide （EO） as raw material. The processes for the production of EG via ethylene carbonate are discussed. A novel technology developed by Institute of Process Engineering，Chinese Academy of Sciences using ionic liquids as catalysts is called ILC process. The innovation of ILC process with independent intellectual property right is presented. Advantages of ILC process are as follows：①Low molar ratio of H2O/EO；②High selectivity of EG；③Low energy consumption；④Simple process；⑤Adjustment of product. ILC process is easily joined with the current ethylene oxide hydration plant. Novel technologies based on EO as raw material will dominate the production of EG in the future，as the price of EO becomes cheaper due to the technology of MTO （methanol to olefins） and commercial operation of new plants of EO/EG，and production experience of large-scale plant for many years.

The ammoximation of cyclohexanone has become an inevitable trend of technological development of producing caprolactam，and the preparation of Titanium Silicalite-1（TS-1） has become the most important technology of the cyclohexanone ammoximation. However，it is rather expensive and difficult to prepare TS-1，which restricts the industrial production of caprolactam and needs further improvement. Focusing on this issue，this paper reviews the preparation of TS-1，including modified TS-1，TS-1 with large particle diameter，TS-1 compounds，the shaping of TS-1，as well as other technology related to the preparation of TS-1. The future development of the cyclohexanone ammoximation shall be aimed to improve the catalytic activity of TS-1，solve the recycling of TS-1 on an industrial scale，improve the stability and yield of TS-1，and reduce the costs.

Supported Rh-based catalysts are one of the most efficient catalysts for CO hydrogen to C2-oxygenates，such as ethanol from coal or biomass via syngas，however，the selection of support is vitally important for the design and preparation of the catalyst. Herein，the catalytic performances and the research progresses of silica，Al2O3，TiO2，porous carbon materials，zeolites，and mixed oxides supported Rh-based catalysts were reviewed. The effects of support properties，such as the impurities，pore structures，acid-base properties，the reactivity of surface groups，and reducibility，on the chemical-physical properties and thus catalytic performance of Rh-based catalysts were compared and summarized. The results showed that the key point to understand the support effect was to investigate the interactions between metal （promoters） and support. Accordingly，novel support with proper pore structures，weakly basic，moderate surface reactivity and reducibility should be designed and synthesized，which could modify the interaction between support and Rh combing with the optimization of preparation and activation conditions. This ensures more active sites for syngas conversion and thus makes the maximum use of Rh，pushing the commercialization of this process.

A new tert-butyl-substituted dendrimer compound and its corresponding Ni(Ⅱ) complex were synthesized and characterized with 1H NMR，elemental analysis，FT-IR，UV. The nickel complex activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) was tested in oligomerization of ethylene. The effects of Al/Ni molar ratio and polymerization temperature on catalyst activity and product distribution were also investigated. The products were olefines with different carbon chains，catalytic activity reached a maximum value 4.93×105g/(mol Ni?h) at reaction time of 30min，reaction pressure of 0.5MPa，reaction temperature of 25℃ and Al/Ni ratio 500 for the tert-butyl-substituted nickel complex，and C10—C18 were 54.17%.

A study on the desulfurization of oil by catalytic oxidation in emulsion system with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant has been conducted，where the phosphotungstic acid alkyl betaine was used as a phase transfer catalyst. It investigated the catalytic properties of phosphotungstic acid C14 alky betaine，phosphotungstic acid C16 alky betaine and phosphotungstic acid C18 alky betaine. Influences of the amount of catalyst，reaction time，emulsion mixing speed and n(oxygen)/n(sulfur) on oil desulfurization were also tested. The results indicated that the longer the chain of the alkyl betaine，the better the catalytic effect. The ratio of n(oxygen)/n(sulfur) was 11，the desulfurization rate was up to 91.23% when the amount of catalyst was 0.003（the mass ratio of catalyst and model oil），reaction time was 8 minutes，and the emulsion mixing speed was 2500r/min.

Styrene - butadiene - styrene block copolymer（SBS） has become the most widely used polymer asphalt modifier due to its excellent performance as a thermoplastic elastomer. Considering the significant difference in their physical and chemical properties between SBS and asphalt，the poor compatibility and segregation tendency in the preparation of modified asphalt，the grafted method for SBS were introduced，together with principles represented by the initiator and radiation grafting. The research status of grafted SBS，as an asphalt modifier，was reviewed. Finally，the research emphasis in the future was put forward，including selecting the monomer that has appropriate polarity and no impact on the performance of asphalt，strictly controlling the synthesis process of grafted SBS by comprehensively studying material dosage，temperature，time and other factors，fully and accurately characterizing the structure and grafting rate of grafted SBS，and researching its modified mechanism in-depth to obtain complete product characterization.

Started from the preparation of carbon microspheres，this review includes method principles，raw materials，influencing factors，carbon microspheres structural performance and appearance characteristic. Three relatively effective methods were discussed，including solvothermal method，chemical vapor deposition method and template method. Because of its outstanding performance，solvothermal method is significantly superior to many other methods for carbon microspheres preparation. The solvothermal method will become the main method for preparing future carbon microspheres. Different structures and properties of the carbon microspheres，and their applications were reviewed in detail. Further study on carbon microspheres performance and the expansion of its application fields will be the focus of future research. Carbon microspheres structure has influence on its properties and applications. The property of carbon microspheres can be improved by structure designing .

Super absorbent material is a new type of functional polymer material with important application value. This article reviews the pretreatment，the graft modification and the compound modification of natural cellulose in recent years，and also introduces fungi cellulose. Pretreatment methods are emphasized，including alkalization，etherification，ionic liquids dispose and organic solvent dispose，the graft modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives，and the preparation of super absorbent material by cellulose/silicate complex，cellulose/metal nanoparticles complex and cellulose/highpolymer complex. The cellulose-based super absorbent materials have a wide applied perspective in agriculture，pharmacy and environmental protection.

With the “Synergistic Effects”，such as “Bridging” and “Intercalating” between different fillers，the composite fillers/polyacrylate of electrically conductive pressure-sensitive adhesives has been prepared，which have excellent electrical conductivity，mechanical behaviour，and low filler ratio. The composite fillers consist of Carbon black （CB），Carbon fiber （CF），Carbon Nanotubes （CNTs） and Graphite nanosheets （NanoG） at some ratio. It was found that the comprehensive properties of the electrically conductive PSA reach the best when the composite fillers are made up of CF 3%、NanoG 5% and CNTs 5%. The conductivity of the electrically conductive PSA reaches 3.0×10?2S/cm，the 180°peel strength is 0.38kN/m and the shear strength is 0.42MPa.

Cellulose gelling material with a spatial chemical crosslinking structure was prepared by using natural cellulose as raw material，citric acid as crosslinking agent，trisodium citrate as catalyst through the “cyclic anhydride-esterification” reaction process. The chemical structure and microstructure of the gelling material were characterized，and the performance of the gelling material was studied. Recrystallization occurred in the cellulose macromolecular aggregates when preparing the material. With increasing cellulose initial concentration，the stacking structure of the gelling material became gradually denser and typing characteristics was more obvious. Thermal decomposition temperature was in the range from 280℃ to 350℃；specific heat capacity of the gelling material was 7.564—15.660J/(g?K) and thermal conductivity was 0.43—0.51W/(m?K). Besides，water absorption was in the range from 72.6% to 96.7% and storage modulus was 52.948—162.59MPa. Good heat storage，heat-insulating properties and storage modulus make the gelling material useful in preparing plaminated material.

Magnesium chloride–ethanol adducts （MgCl2?nEtOH） prepared over a composition range of n=1.5 to 2.8，were studied with differential scanning calorimetry. These adducts comprised of two stable compounds，MgCl2?2.8EtOH and MgCl2?1.5EtOH，showing endothermic peaks at 115℃ and 155℃ respectively. In addition，the melting point of the magnesium chloride–ethanol adduct which was very sensitive to water would decrease if trace moisture was present in the adduct. And the characteristic peak of the adduct containing trace moisture and MgCl2?2.8EtOH was observed at 100℃. Moreover，during the dealcoholation of the adducts containing trace moisture with EtOH/MgCl2 molar ratio from 1.55 to 2.64，pure MgCl2?2.8EtOH was removed firstly and then the compound formed by trace moisture and MgCl2?2.8EtOH was removed. However，water was not removed all the way.

Metal-organic framework，MIL-101 was directly synthesized by the hydrothermal method using 2-methylimidazole，4-methylimidazole or 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as additive. The influence of synthesis condition on the products was investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD，N2-adsorption，SEM and UV-vis and were evaluated by CO2-adsorption in a dynamic adsorption device. MIL-101 samples synthesized presented well-defined octahedral morphology and uniform distribution of particles size. Synthesis temperature was lower than 180℃ and the highest yield of MIL-101 sample was 70%. The CO2 adsorption capability of MIL-101 synthesized by 4-methylimidazole was 313 mg/g under 1.0MPa.

Polymeric flocculant，owning high molecular weight and cationic unit content，was prepared by the inverse emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide（AM） and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride （DMDAAC）. The flocculation effect of poly（DMDAAC-co-AM）（PDA） was examined. The influences of types of initiator and dispersant on the copolymerization were explored. The effects of monomer ratio，initiator concentration and emulsifier content on the molecular weight of product and monomer conversion were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectrum（FTIR），nuclear magnetic testing（1H NMR） and ultraviolet spectrum were used to characterize the products. The results show that AM and DMDAAC did copolymerize，and the content of DMDAAC of the copolymer was much higher than that obtained by solution copolymerization. With [DMDAAC]/[AM]=1∶4，initiator concentration is 30mmol/L，and emulsifier content is 18%，the viscosity-average molecular weight of copolymer achieves 2.2×105，and the cationic units content is 17%.

Poly(lactic acid)（PLA）/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)（EVA） blends were prepared by melt blending. The effects of melt flow rate of EVA （28% VA content） on the morphology，thermal properties and rheological behaviors of PLA/EVA blends were investigated. The results indicated that the EVA phase with smaller particles and better dispersion in the PLA matrix was observed when the EVA with lower melt flow rate was used. With the increase of melt flow rate of EVA，the crystallinity of blends was increased，though the Tg of PLA was hardly affected by the addition of EVA. And the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the blends were decreased. It was demonstrated by mechanical tests that with the addition of 15% EVA into PLA，an obvious increase in elongation at break was observed，and the izod notched impact strength was about two times higher than the pure PLA.

Cofactor regeneration and repeated utilization showed important effect on the preparation of chiral compound by the redox biocatalysts. Cofactor regenerated by enzymatic catalysis had high efficiency and specificity，such cofactor regenerated system include single cell in vivo cofactor regenerated system，double cell coupling system and in vitro enzyme coupling system due to their catalysis circumstance. The construct methods of different cofactor regenerated system were presented particularly in this paper. The possible issues in practical application of these cofactor regenerated system were especially pointed out and the resolve methods were afforded，such as the solution of low water-soluble organic substrate by ionic liquid，the subsistence of micro-molecule cofactor by covalent immobilization and the utilization of endogenous cofactor regenerated enzyme in cell free extract. The advantage and limitation of different cofactor regenerated systems that applied in industry catalysis were also commented，more attention should be focused on the repeated and multi-batches utilization of the cofactor regenerated system.

As a non-invasive administration method，pulmonary drug delivery displays a great potential in the inhalable delivery of protein and peptide. The porous polymeric microspheres are one of the most suitable carriers for pulmonary drug delivery，this article presents several traditional methods to prepare porous polymeric microspheres，and analyzes the pros and cons of these methods under different conditions in the first place. Then，aiming at those questions such as difficulty to achieve a controllable process，and low efficiency in encapsulating drugs，this article reviews the physical and chemical modification of the porous microspheres to obtain a higher performance by the researchers in recent years，and the advices for the existing problems are also proposed. Finally，the combination of different methods to prepare porous polymeric microspheres for pulmonary drug delivery and their potential applications in the field of biomedicine are prospected.

The incidence of depression showed a clear upward trend in the global. Duloxetine is the better antidepressant drugs，there are some disadvantages on the industry for the full chemical synthesis. Enzyme catalysis has mild reaction condition，environmental friendly and synthetic chiral compounds with high enantioselectivity. Introduction of enzymatic can make up for the chemical synthesis. A review of the progress made in this article，we focused on the enzymatic resolution and bio-catalytic asymmetric synthesis critical enantiomer：1-(tetrahydrothioph-en-2-yl)propan-1-ol derivatives. Meanwhile we summarized their advantages and disadvantages and saw the rosy application prospect. Point out that screening high catalytic and high stability of microorganisms is the main direction of enzymatic technology to achieve industrial application.

Carvedilol，a highly effective antihypertensive drug，not only is a third β-adrenergic receptor antagonist but also can be used to inhibit ?1-adrenoceptor. Recent synthetic routes of carvedilol differ from various starting materials. The synthesis methods of carvedilol are divided into two reaction types，whether the nitrogen atom contains protecting group or not. Here we show the two different reaction types that introducing a protecting group such as benzyl by intermolecular nucleophilic reaction and forming a cyclic amide structure by intramolecular reaction to protect the nitrogen atom. In this paper，we also discovered that using the 4-hydroxy carbonzole as starting material can effectively avoid various byproducts，which significantly improves the yield of carvedilol.

The microtubule structure of the bone scaffold has a considerable influence on the flow of nutrient solution and cells. The flow status of nutrient solution and cells in microtubules with different sizes was numerically simulated by using software Fluent. Velocity distribution and pressure distribution in the microtubule structure of the bone scaffold were obtained. The fluid velocity of the main pipe decreased with increasing pipe depth from inlet to outlet. The fluid velocity of the upper end of Volkmann tubes was faster than that of the lower end，but slower than that of the main pipe at the same height. A slow flowing area was observed in the intersection of the Harvard’s tube and the first line Volkmann tube. The velocity of Harvard’s tube increased from the intersection of the third line Volkmann tube and Harvard’s tube. The flowing slow area at the top of the Harvard’s tubes decreased as the length of Volkmann tubes increased. The velocity of Volkmann tubes was increasing and the flowing velocity of each tube was more uniform with the increase of the diameter of the Volkmann tubes. With increasing angle between Volkmann tubes and main pipe，the flow velocity of each scaffold tube was more uniform which was favorable for the transport of cells and nutrient solution in the pipe. In the range of this paper，the optimal parameters of bone scaffold structure were obtained as follows：Volkmann length of 3mm，diameter of 0.6mm and the angle between Volkmann tubes and the main pipe of 90°.

Turpentine oil，the most important essential oil of the world，has a high application value. α-pinene and β-pinene are two principle components of turpentine oil，using these two compounds，plenty of derivatives with high value-added can be synthesized through several reaction pathways. However some systematic introductions to those pathways mentioned above are still deficient. This paper reviewed the research progress on synthesis of derivatives from addition reactions of α-pinene or β-pinene. Methods applied in that α-pinene or β-pinene reacted with eight kind of compounds （including H2，H2O，HCl，etc.） were introduced intensively；applications of the derivatives from these reactions were mentioned as well. Finally，a prospect was given to the future research on synthesis of turpentine oil derivatives；it was believed that synthesis of derivatives with specific properties might be of great importance.

Several fluorocarbons have been used as a blowing agent （BA） with short boiling range，high blowing efficiency，good compatibility and chemical stability，where thermal insulation is the main priority. CFCs and HCFCs which belong to the ozone depletion substances destroy stratosphere ozone via photochemical cycles，and HFCs will alter the radiation balance of earth’s atmosphere due to the build up of infrared absorbing. Designation and composition blowing molecules that meet both environment and economy is thus needed. The review starts with a brief introduction on the improvement of molecule structure of fluorocarbons，as well as their synthetic methods. The new generation alternatives characterized as：longer carbon chain，involving C—O or C=C bonds，and containing more fluorine atoms. A large mount of experimental works could be minimized by computational chemistry and structure–property relationship analysis，more effective and economical catalytic fluorination manufacturing process is always favored，and some other features including toxicity，physical property，environment assessment，engineering process are also of fundamental importance.

Using saturated cashew phenol as raw material，saturated cashew phenol Gemini polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates （GSCPEC-8 and GSCPEC-10） with new chemical structure were prepared through the ring-opening polymerization reaction，alkaline reaction，carboxymethylated reaction. Their surface activities were evaluated. The products were identified by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The surface tension of Gemini saturated cashew phenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates were measured by drop volume method. The results are that the cmc values of GSCPEC-8 and GSCPEC-10 in aqueous solution were 0.79mmol/L and 0.69mmol/L respectively，and the values of γcmc were 36.56mN/m and 39.37mN/m respectively. The Monomer occupied minimal areas were 1.9383nm2 and 1.1072nm2 respectively. The results showed that the cmc for the GSCPEC in aqueous solution is very low，so the efficiency at reducing the surface tension of water is excellent. When EO groups increase the formation ability and the stability of the micelles increase

C22-tricarboxylic dibutyl monomethyl ester was synthesized from waste oil fatty acid methyl esters and identified by infrared spectroscopy and HPLC-MS，its content reached 94.0% after purified by molecular distillation. The physicochemical properties of the product were investigated，and the mechanical properties and electrical properties of its plasticized PVC materials were also studied. Comparing with DOP，the product has higher flash point and lower heating loss. The mechanical properties，electrical properties and anti-aging properties of the PVC materials plasticized with C22-tricarboxylic dibutyl monomethyl ester are also superior to those plasticized with DOP. Lastly，toxicities of the product and DOP were tested by nematode experiments. The results revealed that the toxicity of C22-tricarboxyllic dibutyl-monomethyl ester on nematode is lower than that of DOP.

The dodecylycoside（APG）was synthesized by indirect synthesis method. The concentration diversification of the reducing sugar in the process of glycol polyglucoside preparation and the effects of reaction temperature，reaction time，catalyst dosage and radio of alcohol/suga on the the synthesis of the dodecylycoside were investigated. Meanwhile the surface properties of sample were determined. The results show that the concentration of the reducing sugar reaction is increased at first and then decreased in the process of glycol polyglucoside preparation，and the optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing the dodecylycoside are explained as follows：reaction temperature 115℃，reaction time 4h，catalyst dosage 0.8%，alcohol/starch ratio 3.5∶1. The surface tension of the dodecylycoside is 25.9 mN/m，and the critical micelle concentration（cmc）is 0.05%.

Microalgae has the strong ability to convert CO2 into cellular lipid product，better environmental adaptability，higher photosynthetic efficiency and the higher reproduction rate. Therefore，carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae has become one of the effective solutions to greenhouse effect and energy crisis. The bottle neck of this technology lies in the low efficiency of CO2 fixation and conversion into cellular lipid product. This paper introduced the process of CO2 fixation and conversion into organic carbon components of microalgae cell. The progresses on intensified fixation and conversion of CO2 from flue gas，including the stimulated CO2 fixation and conversion into lipid，the intensified CO2 fixation by membrane technology in a photobioreactor and the coupling of various technologies. The application of biotechnology and the membrane technology in microalgae field were elaborated and discussed. This paper also discussed the integration of microalgae biotechnology，membrane technology and the coupling of other technologies，in order to investigate further improvement of the fixation and conversion of CO2 from flue gas by microalgae，showing its importance of research directions for the microalgal CO2 fixation and conversion from flue gas in the future.

Global warming and CO2 emission reduction has become one of the most critical issues in recent years，due to further deterioration of natural environment，economic development and even survival of mankind. A promising approach for near-zero CO2 emission power plants to be realized within the near future is the IGCC technology （integrated gasification combined cycle） with pre-combustion CO2 capture. In order to provide a technical basis，this paper introduces the current situation of pre-combustion technology and makes a comparison of various CO2 recovery methods，such as adsorption，membrane and absorption process. On the basis of IGCC characteristics，the paper pays special attention to the application range and prospect of existing solvent-absorption technologies，and makes an analysis to point out the possibility of cost reduction from three aspects：selecting a new efficient solvent，optimizing traditional regeneration process，and developing certain coupling technologies. Furthermore，the challenges and trend of decarbonization technology development are discussed.

Supercritical ethanol （243.1℃，6.38MPa）has lower temperature and pressure conditions and has good mass transfer performance，so it can serve as a green，renewable solvent in hydrogenation technology. Catalytic hydrogenation under supercritical ethanol system is an effective way to upgrade oil. In this paper，the hydrogenation process of phenol，a typical model compounds in bio-oil，was explored under supercritical ethanol system at 300—400℃ with Pt/C catalyst. This paper investigated the effects such as temperature，hydrogen pressure and reaction time on the degradation of phenol by catalytic hydrogenation in supercritical ethanol. The results showed that higher temperature and hydrogen pressure increased phenol conversion rate，and the effects of temperature was more remarkable. A kinetic model was established based on the results. The model could accurately predict the conversion rate of phenol at different process conditions（R2 = 0.989）. The results of kinetic investigation indicated that the reaction order of the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol in supercritical ethanol was two，and the activation energy was 51.7kJ/mol.

Nanometer TiO2 dispersed in water was used as photocatalyst in a self-designed bubbling fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor （BFBPR）. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of reactive turquoise blue K-GL in BFBPR was investigated by considering the dosage of photocatalyst，initial dye concentration，ionic strength of NaCl and Na2SO4. Furthermore，the Langrmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation was used to describe the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of dye K-GL. The photocatalytic degradation of reactive turquoise blue K-GL reaction followed a pseudo-first order kinetics equation，and the apparent reaction rate coefficient decreased with increasing initial dye concentration. The optimal catalyst amount was 0.122g/L. Addition of Na2SO4 promoted photocatalysis of K-GL at lower dye concentrations with the optimal addition of 0.104mol/g. In addition，the apparent reaction rate coefficient increased with increasing addition of Na2SO4，while the photocatalysis was inhibited with increasing addition of NaCl.

This research investigated the fouling characteristics of vortex generator using Fortran language and introduced crystallization fouling model to simulate the process of fouling formation on the rectangle block vortex generator surface with CaSO4 solution flowin the rectangular channels. The influence of the stracture size （horizontal spacing，vertical height） and flow conditions （inlet velocity，wall temperature，working solution concentration） were discussed. According to the simulation data from the rectangle block vortex generator of the surface depositional rate，denudation rate and fouling resistance with time，it was found that the best fouling inhibition effect between structure size x=40mm，h=0.3H. The influnces of fouling deposition process were summarized. Compared with equipped vortex generator situation，surface fouling deposition reduced and the thermal efficiency greatly improved.

Organic montmorillonite （OMMT） modified by hydroxyethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromine was prepared through cation exchange with natural montmorillonite（MMT）. Material characterizations before and after the modification were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. Batch static experiments of OMMT for tannic acid （TA） were performed on adsorption conditions and mechanism. The adsorption process was strongly pH-dependent and the optimal pH value was 4.0. Adsorption equilibrium was reached at 6 h and the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm was better described by the Langmuir isotherm equations compared to the Freundlich isotherm equations. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 181.6 mg/g at pH of 4 when initial TA concentration was 500 mg/L and temperature was 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔG and ΔH were negative，revealing that the adsorption of TA onto OMMT was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated OMMT decreased by less than 20% after alternating between saturating adsorption and desorption of TA for seven times.

The effect of several important parameters on the removal of Malachite Green by litchi pericarps was evaluated using an optimal experimental design based on Box-Behnken Response Surface methodology. The factors included contact time，adsorbent dosage and pH. A quadratic model for predicting the optimum removal conditions was derived，and the obtained optimal parameters were at the temperature of 25℃，contact time of 122.31min，adsorbent dosage of 2.81g/L，pH value of 6.75，MG initial dye concentration 100mg/L. At the optimal conditions，the maximal removal rate of MG reached 99.75%. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to fit the adsorption equilibrium data. The Langmuir isotherm adsoroption model was found to fit the data best and maximum adsorption capacity of MG was 142.86mg/g，and adsorption kinetics conforms to pseudo-second-order model. Additionally，result of thermodynamics measurement suggested that the adsorption processes is spontaneous and endothermic. Finally，the adsorption-desorption cycle and FT-IR were also studied，suggesting the litchi pericarp is a promising and efficient adsorbent for removing MG from water.

Mechanism of olefins removal on catalyst ROC-Z1 was studied in this paper. Experiments showed that the reaction belonged to alkylation，followed by carbocation process. The industrial test of ROC-Z1 was carried out in reforming device at Sinopec Zhenhai refining and Chemical Company at the scale of 100 tons. The results of the industrial test showed that the lifetime of ROC-Z1 was 3.5 times of that of commercial clay，and no significant change was observed on the quantity or distribution of the aromatic hydrocarbons. Catalyst ROC-Z1 is a cost-effective catalyst for the removal of trace olefins from aromatics.