Abstract: Super absorbent material is a new type of functional polymer material with important application value. This article reviews the pretreatment，the graft modification and the compound modification of natural cellulose in recent years，and also introduces fungi cellulose. Pretreatment methods are emphasized，including alkalization，etherification，ionic liquids dispose and organic solvent dispose，the graft modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives，and the preparation of super absorbent material by cellulose/silicate complex，cellulose/metal nanoparticles complex and cellulose/highpolymer complex. The cellulose-based super absorbent materials have a wide applied perspective in agriculture，pharmacy and environmental protection.

Key words: super absorbent material, cellulose, pretreatment, graft, composite

摘要： 纤维素基高吸水材料是一种新型的功能高分子材料，具有重要的应用价值。本文综述了近年来天然纤维素的预处理、接枝改性和复合改性，并介绍了菌类纤维素，主要阐述了碱化、醚化、离子液体和有机溶剂对纤维素的预处理，纤维素、纤维素衍生物接枝改性以及纤维素与硅酸盐矿物，金属纳米粒子和高聚物复合制备高吸水材料，指出纤维素基高吸水材料在农业、制药、环保等领域应用前景广阔。

关键词: 高吸水材料, 纤维素, 预处理, 接枝, 复合