Abstract: Started from the preparation of carbon microspheres，this review includes method principles，raw materials，influencing factors，carbon microspheres structural performance and appearance characteristic. Three relatively effective methods were discussed，including solvothermal method，chemical vapor deposition method and template method. Because of its outstanding performance，solvothermal method is significantly superior to many other methods for carbon microspheres preparation. The solvothermal method will become the main method for preparing future carbon microspheres. Different structures and properties of the carbon microspheres，and their applications were reviewed in detail. Further study on carbon microspheres performance and the expansion of its application fields will be the focus of future research. Carbon microspheres structure has influence on its properties and applications. The property of carbon microspheres can be improved by structure designing .

Key words: carbon microspheres, preparation, biomass, hydrothermal, structure

摘要： 从碳微球的制备方法着手，综述了各方法的制备原理、原料、影响因素以及所得碳微球的结构性能和形貌特征，并归纳了各方法的优缺点，得出了溶剂热法、化学气相沉积法和模板法3种相对有效的制备方法，由于溶剂热法的突出优点，在碳微球的多种制备方法中优势凸显，将成为未来制备碳微球的主要方法。详细评述了不同结构和性能的碳微球在各个领域的应用，深入开发碳微球的性能和拓展其应用领域将会成为今后的研究重点；进一步讨论了碳微球的结构对其性质和应用的影响，通过设计碳微球的结构来改变其性质，是碳微球制备研究领域未来的发展方向。

关键词: 碳微球, 制备, 生物质, 水热, 结构