Detailed description of the background and application of the micro-chemicals, Bubble characteristics and mass transfer in micro-channels are also reviewed.Introduce the gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern, formation process and influencing factors of it in micro-channels (horizontal and vertical micro-channels).Focus on the introduction of the bubble formation and empirical formula of bubbles length.Compared the relationship between gas-liquid flow ratio and the bubble length in empirical formula of various researches.The results show that the bubble length increases with the increase of velocity gas-liquid flow ratio, but the increasing trend is not the same according to the experimental conditions of the researchers.For mass transfer, the study basically focused on the bubble flow and the annular flow which have larger specific surface area.Although gas-liquid two-phase flow in micro-channels has a great application prospects in the heat transfer, mass transfer.there are still some problems like research method singleness and theoretical data is not perfect.It is pointed out that in the future research,the researchers should expand the scope of the field and provide a more reliable theoretical basis for the practical application of mass transfer.

According to the research and development process of impinging stream reactors, the mixing process of the impinging stream reactor was analyzed.And the effects of reaction space, fluid flow, nozzle structure on the mixing performance of free impinging jets reactor, confined impinging jets reactor and submerged circulative impinging stream reactor (SCISR)and so on were reviewed.The research progress of the influence of excitation and other techniques on the mixing effect of impinging stream reactor was introduced.And the micromixing mixing time and correlation of several kinds of impinging stream reactors were summarized.A novel horizontal three-nozzle impinging stream reactor was introduced, which produced an umbrella-shaped radial jet that was different from the radial jet of the two nozzles.Further study found that the radial jet deflection angle β peaked when the equivalent nozzle spacing L^*=2D~3D, and the mixing time was the shortest.The prospects of mixed research of impinging stream reactor were discussed.

The stability of conducting fluid flow is vital to the electromagnetic processing of materials and the design and operating of thermonuclear fusion reactorcooling system.In this paper,the analysis methods for flow stability based on normal modes and non-normal modes are introduced and compared.Different critical parameters threshold are often obtained with these two methods, this is mainly due to different growth mode of perturbations is concerned in each method.The recent experimental and computational results obtained for flows in pipes, ducts and channels in the presence of magnetic field are reviewed, especially the effects of magnetic field and conductivity of the walls are elaborated.The further investigations on the related experiments, stability analysis methods and the transition mechanisms are discussed.

The ammonia gas detector is a kind of product that can detect ammonia quickly.It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional detection methods,such as complicated,cumbersome and inaccurate.There are various kinds of ammonia detector in the current market,but the performance of various products is uneven.In this paper the research status of ammonia gas detector was discussed,the application of the infrared ammonia detector,semiconductor detector and electrochemistry detetor were summarized,besides the working principle and structural characteristics were introduced,the part of sensor,which was considered as the most important component of the whole detector,was introduced particularly.Finally,the application of the detectors in environmental protection,production,breeding,medical and other fields were introduced.According to this article,ammonia gas detector will get more general application,along with the people on the improvement of environmental security requirements and the implementation of the relevant government policies and regulations,accordingly,in order to meet the requirement of more fields,ammonia gas detector will develop towards the direction of more miniaturized,more precised and more portable.

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), as a promising replacement for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), is considered as a new generation refrigerant in automotive air condition system due to its zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) value, a low global warming potential (GWP) value of 4 and excellent refrigerating ability.So HFO-1234yf has been widely concerned in automotive air conditioning industry.To date, a large number of patents were applied for synthetic methods for HFO-1234yf.In those patents, one of the effective routes to synthesize HFC-1234yf is that 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (HCFO1230xa) is fluorinated to synthesis HFC-1234yf via intermediate 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFC-1233xf) in the presence of a fluorination Cr-based catalysts.The purpose of this review article is to provide readers with nomenclature rules of fluorinated propene isomers, physicochemical properties, refrigerant's performance of HFO-1234yf and reaction conditions as depicted in the patent and open literature.Emphasis has been placed on catalysts preparation and reaction pathways, which aim at studying Cl/F exchange reaction mechanism.Combining with the urgently need of ODS substitutes technology, preparation of catalytic materials with high catalytic activities and long life-time and non-cr-based catalysts will become research topic.

Monodispersed emulsions are widely used in biomedical,chemistry and so on.Microfluidic devices with cross-junction can produce monodispersed,homogeneous and spherical emulsions,which greatly simplifies the production process of emulsion and has important application value in the preparation of high quality emulsions.Numerical simulations of drop formation process in a cross-junction system are performed based on VOF method and detailed hydrodynamic information involved is provided.There are four flow regimes between two immiscible fluids in the cross-junction:squeezing,dripping,jetting and co-flowing.By analyzing the formation mechanism and evolution process,it is found that the interfacial tension and viscous force play a leading role in the droplet formation process.In addition,the influence of the cross-junction angle on the size of the drops and the flow regimes is studied.The results show that the length of the drops is influenced by the angle significantly.However,the angel of the cross-junction has little influence on the flow regime.

Advanced material synthesized from microfluidic technology has been largely restrained into the scale of laboratory study, hindering its large scale industrial application.Here, based on channel parallelization concept with numbering up principle, microfluidic large-scale module of eight channels was designed.The module consists of distribution layers for two phases and droplet generation layer under different planes.The module was fabricated with PMMA substrate using laser microfabrication engraving equipment, achieving the large-scale production of uniform droplets.The flow rates of two phases were investigated on the droplets formation of parallelized channels with scaling effect resulting from the significant problem of fluid distribution.Experimental comparison of two arrays showed the circular array with symmetrical arrangement improved the size uniformity of 42.4% compared to the parallel array.Widely applied functional chitosan microspheres were also mass-synthesized with an average diameter of 540.59μm and a CV of 2.73%.The throughput was largely improved while maintaining excellent uniformity compared to individual channel.

As a new design of heat sink,Self-similarity microchannel heat sink(SSHS)has a better overall performance than a common Microchannel heat sink(MHS).The manifold channel of the SSHS was modified to a contracting tapered one in our previous work,making an improved internal flow distribution.A further numerical work in current work was carried out to analyze the influence of the microchannel(overflow channel)shape on the flow and heat transfer process inside a self-similar heat sink.The results showed that there exists a relatively large low velocity region in the overflow channel,resulting in the uniform heat transfer process wherein.With changing the rectangular microchannel to a trapezoid one,the low velocity region could be reduced,realizing a more uniform flow and heat transfer process inside the microchannel.With the m_w decreasing,the proportion of the low velocity region was reduced further and the uniformity in heat exchange was improved accordingly.In the meantime,this optimization scheme had little effect on flow resistance.The heat transfer uniformity was increased about 15% with a sacrifice of the increase in flow resistance no more than 5% with the flow rate covering 0.18-1.8kg/h.

Considering the effects of bubbles and clusters on the transport between gas and particles for the Geldart A particles in the bubbling fluidized beds, the structural parameters model and structural drag model were built.Meanwhile the behavior of fine particles in bubbling fluidized beds was predicted by incorporating the structural parameters model and structural drag model into the two-flow model.According the flow behavior of Geldart A particles in bubbling fluidized beds, the flow structure in beds could be divided into three homogeneous dispersed phases:bubble phase, interphase and emulsion phase (cluster phase).Then, through the force balance and mass balance, the structural parameters model and drag model which are based on the bubbles and clusters are built to consider the effects of bubbles and clusters on the flow behavior synthetically.The structural parameters (f_b,U_b,d_b,U_gb,f_i,U_gi,ε_i,f_e,U_ge,ε_e,d_c) are obtained by solving seven independent equations made up of momentum conservation equation, mass conservation equation, and empirical correlations.The structural parameter model and structural drag correlation are incorporated into the two-fluid model to simulate the hydrodynamics of Geldart A particles in bubbling fluidized beds.Comparing the structural parameters in the result, it could be found that the structural parameters describe the flow structure correctly and reflect the relationship among the flow structural parameters.The simulation results show that the drag model based on the bubbles and clusters could predicted the flow behavior of fine particles well.In the comparison of the radial solid concentration, it could found that, compared to the drag model based on the bubbles, the radial solid concentration is more consistent with the experimental data when the drag model based on the bubbles and clusters is used.

Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was chosen as the solvent for separation of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate system in extractive distillation by the UNIFAC group contribution algorithm and hydrogen bonding interactions.The simulation of vapor-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane-ethyl acetate system with dimethyl sulfoxide under atmospheric pressure was performed.The simulation results using NRTL mode agreed well with the vapor-liquid experimental data.It indicated dimethyl sulfoxide can effectively break the azeotrope system.With the solvent mass ratio of 1.0 and the reflux ratio of 1.0, the mass fraction of cyclohexane reaches 98.7% in a packed column of 33 theoretical plates, and the recovery was about 87.8%.Finally, Aspen Plus was used to simulate the separation of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate system in continuous extractive distillation process.The cyclohexane was obtained with mass fraction of 99.6% at the top of the extractive distillation column and the mass fraction of ethyl acetate was 99.5% in solvent recovery tower.Dimethyl sulfoxide was recycled at the bottom of the tower.The study can provide reference for further industrial application.

In this study, in order to optimize the distillation of aqueous ethanol solution, the steady state and dynamic model are established for the whole distillation process of the packed tower based on material balance, phase balance, normalization of each component mole fraction and heat balance.The key parameters and energy consumption of each fractional distillation operation are calculated.At the same time, in order to verify the rationality of mathematical model and theoretical calculation, Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics are utilized to establish a complete distillation column model, and distillation of aqueous ethanol solution is taken as the example.Taking the concentration and recovery requirements as the constraints, the minimum energy consumption as the objective function, the sensitivity of reflux ratio, distillate flow, feed flow, feed temperature, tower heating power and some other input variables are analyzed.The theoretical calculation of parameters are corrected to determine the actual operation of the operating parameters, and we obtain the optimal operation sequence of distillation of aqueous ethanol solution.

The hollow horizontal spiral blade where saturated steam flows was equipped in the conventional fluidized-bed.A new moving-fluidized bed drying model for large particles size distribution of lignite materials with internal heat was established,under combined pneumatic and mechanical force.The influence of factors such as operating gas velocity,inlet gas temperature and mechanical force strength on the lignite drying process were analyzed,and the relative formula of heat transfer coefficient was established by dimensional analysis method.The experimental results showed that the mechanical force formed a stable gas-solid flow field with all size particles coexisted,increased the drying rate and the heat transfer coefficient.And in the range 3.33-5.40r/min of the blade speed,heat transfer coefficient increases by about 35%. The saturated steam within the blade in the form of the internal heat source conducts heat through the blade,greatly strengthened the effect of heat transferring and drying.In the case of other conditions unchanged,the capacity of heat transmission improved by about 45%.

The liquid desiccant air handing device, which can be utilized without the restriction of climatic and geographical regions, is one of the most likely air-conditioning technologies to be promoted in large-scale application.In this paper, the single-stage LiCl solution desiccant process of countercurrent packing is studied through experiments.For the desiccant process, influence of the temperature (30-36℃) and relative humidity (50%-70%) of the inlet air on the dehumidification process is investigated.It is resulted that dehumidifying performance is enhanced with the increase of the temperature or relative humidity of the inlet air.In addition, for the solution regeneration process, the effect of inlet temperature of the regeneration air and solution on the regeneration process is studied.It is shown that, the rise of either temperature can increase the regeneration ability, but the effect from the temperature of the regeneration solution is stronger.However, the outlet temperature of the regenerated solution is also increased accordingly, which can lead to a larger amount of cooling load.

Based on the modified Einstein refrigeration cycle, the model of bubble pump and the entire system was established.According to the theory of two phase flow of homogeneous flow, the performance of the bubble pump working under slug condition was calculated, and the maximum efficiency under the different system pressure was obtained.Substitute these values into system thermodynamic model, the influence of main system operating parameters on its performance under the system pressure of 3-5 bar was simulated using software EES.Results show that:the COP of Einstein refrigeration under low pressure is better; the influence of evaporation temperature is greater than the condensation under different pressure; the system performance exists a maximum as the generator temperature increase and lower pressure does good to better system performance and is convenient to make low grade heat source(356-390 K).Those research results provides reliable parameter selection principle for key operation parameters of Einstein refrigeration system and indicated the direction of the design and further optimization of the system components.

As an important component of atmospheric burner, ejector has significant effect on steady and complete combustion.Therefore, it is essential to study work process and effect factors of ejector.Structure and size of single nozzle low pressure ejector for atmospheric burner was designed firstly, then a three-dimensional and steady state mathematical model of the ejector was established.CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)software was employed to simulated the mixing process of momentum and mass exchange between combustion gas and air inside ejector and analyse the effects of working nozzle outlet diameter,mixed room length,combustion gas supply pressure,ejector outlet back pressure on the mass flow rate ejecting coefficient.Results showed that working nozzle outlet diameter and mixed room length existed the best value respectively to acquire the optimal ejecting coefficient.Combustion gas supply pressure have little effect on ejecting coefficient.Besides, it's showed that the ejecting coefficient declined with the increase of ejector outlet back pressure.

The adaptability of air source heat pump to low ambient temperature environment restricted its wide application in north of China.Enhanced vapor injection air source heat pump(ASHP)system with flash-tank as economizer was one of the most efficient method to solve the problem of low temperature adaptability for air source heat pump.By developed mathematical model of the enhanced vapor injection air source heat pump,influce on the heat pump's performance by first stage compression ratio and pressure loss coefficient were studied.The results show that optimum first stage compression ratio exits.Because with the gradual increase of the first stage pressure ratio,the condensation pressure decreases slowly and the heat pump's coefficient of performance(COP)increases gradually,while the compressor's exhaust temperature decreases first and then increases.Based on an overall consideration of discharge temperature of compressor and ASHP COP,first stage compression ratio was 1.6 in simulated condition.Large pressure loss coefficient means little useful work loss,and larger pressure loss coefficient leads to larger heating capacity,power input,ASHP COP and lower discharge temperature.Therefore,lower pressure loss coefficient should be an important aim in practical design.

Emergency plan plays a very important role in the process of enterprise safety management and emergency rescue.Due to the text characteristics of the emergency plan,the practicability and the operability of the current emergency plan are questioned.Based on on-site emergency process,the article plans the process structure and graphical research,and implemented text plan to structured and graphical,also,we complete the work which transform the emergency plan from complex text to simple instruction.We make it streamlined and operational.On this basis,we use the Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)to analyze the structured instruction and sort it by its importance.According to the important degree of emergency plan instruction to realize intelligent push,and assist on-site command.The purpose of this study is based on the plan of structured research,text plan on-site operational problems,in the process of emergency rescue,play to the role of the emergency plan,plan instruction based on on-site emergency command and scheduling,improve the level of command decision-making,the escort for petrochemical industry safety production.

The traditional caprolactam waste liquid concentration process has such problems as high energy consumption, high ammonia content in waste water and large space occupied by the plant.Therefore, a new concentrating process for the treatment of caprolactam wastewater is proposed.The process is implemented in two steps:the first step is deamination pretreatment, and the wastewater is treated repeatedly by pre-deamination tank and wastewater deamination tower while controlling the amount of caustic soda in the pre-deamination tank.Moreover, the ammonia in the wastewater of pre-deamination tank be removed through the high temperature analysis by the secondary ammonia-containing steam of wastewater deamination tower, which removes/recycles ammonia from the wastewater with lower energy consumption.The second step is concentrated treatment; the waste stripping tower is used to wastewater evaporation and concentration through secondary steam recompression technology, which effectively reduce the cost of energy by using electric energy to replace the steam consumption.The number of equipment in optimized process is only half of the traditional concentration process and the construction area is greatly reduced.With an annual output of 100000 tons of caprolactam project as an engineering example, the new concentration process can save about 7.21 million yuan of energy running cost each year, recycle 473.7 tons of ammonia water, and indirectly reduce the treatment cost of ammonia-containing wastewater in wastewater treatment plant.The construction area of the new process is only 1/3 of the traditional concentrated process.Both the Aspen theoretical calculation and practical engineering practice data show that:the process has the advantage in energy-saving, eliminates ammonia pollution to the environment from the source, and effectively reduces the construction area.

In the process of coal and petroleum processing, aromatics are important precursors or intermediate products.The preparation of advanced carbon materials, such as needle coke and carbon fiber, by heat treatment of coke tar or petroleum is mainly about pyrolysis of aromatics, including complex condensation and cracking reactions.In this paper, the study on the mechanism of the non-catalytic liquid phase pyrolysis reactions of aromatic model compounds, including naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and fluorine, has been summarized.Also, this paper summarized the rule of pyrolysis of aromatics.By comparing the research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars, this paper points out the existing problems in domestic research.Based on the research status of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the trend of the study of aromatic hydrocarbon pyrolysis mechanism was prospected.Previous research has the problem of isolated theoretical calculation and experimental research, so the combination of molecular simulation and experimental research should be strengthened.Meanwhile, modern precision analytical instruments should be fully used to analyze experimental products in molecular level.

Compared with low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology with diesel as main product, high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch technology which produce the more diversified and high-value products, has obvious advantages during low crude oil price period.In this paper, the existing technical progresses of high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were reviewed,including Sasol's high-temperature iron-based circulating fluidized bed and fixed fluidized bed technology and Yankuang Group's high-temperature iron-based fixed fluidized bed technology. The effects of the fusion iron, precipitated iron, supported iron catalyst and process conditions such as temperature,gas composition,pressure and fluidization state on the distribution of FTS products were analyzed and summarized.Combined with the typical product distribution, the method of improving the target products such as olefins was discussed, and the future development direction of high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was prospected.

An exhaustive review of the scientific literature on kinetic modeling of heavy oil hydrocracking is reported in this paper, including traditional lumping (models based on wide distillation range fractions and models based on pseudocomponents), models based on continuous mixtures and models based on molecular level (structure oriented lumping and single event models).Reaction networks, main characteristics of kinetic approaches and kinetic parameter values are also reported.In the base of comparing the advantages of these models, the paper predicts the probably trend of this kind of hydrocracking models in the future:because of the complexity of heavy oil, traditional lumping methods will be important for the long time, however, for higher requirements of adaptation of the model, in the future, kinetic models of heavy oil hydrocracking are trending for more and more accurate,as a result, models based on continuous mixtures and models based on molecular level are attaching more and more people's attention.

As the rapid development of biodiesel industry,the output of its by-product glycerol has increased sharply.High purity of glycerol has a great demand for food industry,domestic industry and pharmaceutical industry.This need a refine process to purify glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel.Usually,biodiesel after transesterification process can be centrifuged or settled to obtain unrefined glycerol.It consists of glycerol and the other impurities,such as the catalyst,coloring matters,salts,soaps,fatty acid.Moreover,glycerol has a larger viscosity and a higher boiling point,and it is also a heat-sensitive matter.All those made it difficult to separate and purify glycerol.In this paper,we give a brief introduction of a variety of glycerol purification process that has been reported in the literature,including flocculation,ethanol recrystallization,Sodium oxalate complex,ion exchange,membrane separation,reduced pressure distillation or molecular distillation,biosorption,reaction complex,and so on.Integrating one purification process with two or more processes will be a efficient project for purifying glycerol from biodiesel.

Biodiesel as a renewable energy sources and an alternative energy for the fossile fuel has been developed rapidly and achieved large-scale production.The production of biodiesel can also lead to the overproduction of glycerol.By several simple processes,crude glycerol can be obtained from biodiesel.In crude glycerol,there are many impurities in addition to glycerol.Glycerol is widely used in food industry,domestic industry,pharmaceutical industry.But it requires a high purity of glycerol.And the purification of crude glycerol is demanded.However,the purification process is complicated and has a higher cost and a lower economic feasibility.Therefore,extending the application space of glycerol and improving the additional value of glycerol is a necessary.In this paper,we studied the integrated utilization of crude glycerol and gave a brief introduction of the application technology of glycerol,such as the production of 1,2-propanediol,1,3-propanediol,DHA,PHA and acrolein,the production of hydrogen,the production of fuel additives,the production of fuel cell,the production of methanol or ethanol,and waste disposal.Through continuously extending the application prospects of glycerol,it can provide a technology support for the sustainable development of biodiesel production process.

The high contents of sodium and calcium in Zhundong coal induce severe slagging problems in boilers' heating surfaces durning coal combustion.The slagging of coal ash has important relationship with coal ash fusibility,and the alkaline oxides in coal ash can influence the ash fusibiltiy significantly.Recent progress on the effect of alkaline oxides on coal ash fusibility was summerized.The present studies show that the addition of Na₂O can reduce the ash fusion temperatures(AFTs)significantly.The Na containing minerals with low melting point such as albite,nepheline and the eutectics they form is the main reason for reducing the AFTs.K₂O mainly exists as illite in ash,the AFTs show no significant change as the K₂O content varies.The AFTs drop first and rise later with the increase of CaO or MgO content,the change of minerals' melting point leads to the change of the AFTs.The existing form of Fe₂O₃ depends on the reaction atmosphere.The Fe in ash mainly exists as FeO in reducing conditions,Fe-containing minerals such as fayalite and hercynite can easily form eutectics thus reducing the AFTs.Further studies should be focused on the effect of alkaline oxides on the ash fusibility of Zhundong coal,to produce novel additives for resisting the slagging problems efficiently.

Lignite has been regarded as inferior fuel because of its low calorific value and poor thermal stability.In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the bioconversion and utilization of lignite.However, very complex organic structure of lignite is rather resistive to direct actions of microorganisms, which resulted in low conversion efficiency.The researchers used a variety of oxidation methods to improve the structure of lignite and microbial actions in lignite.In this study, the lignite sample was oxidized and pretreated with NaClO, HNO₃, H₂O₂ and microwave, respectively.The oxidized lignite samples were bioliquefied by a white-rot fungus under the same condition.Through the experiment, the oxidization of HNO₃ is the most optimal.The characteristic of the lignite before and after oxidized with HNO₃ was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), element analyzer, specific surface area analyzer (BET) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.Results show that the aromatic ring structures were destroyed and oxygen-containing groups were oxidized by HNO₃.The complexity of lignite structure was reduced and the oxidation degree of lignite was increased.Therefore, the lignite after oxidation could be depolymerized easily by microorganism.

The flow regimes and pressure fluctuations of powdered coal gas-solid two-phase flow in a fluidized-bed are experimentally studied by using five different particle size distributions of powdered coal.The flow patterns under different operating parameters are determined.The effects of different operating conditions on the pressure distribution and the pressure fluctuation are investigated.The critical fluidization velocity was analyzed by a new method, which is based on the curve of the pressure difference between two adjacent points at the bottom of the fluidized-bed.The initial turbulent fluidization velocity is determined by the fluidization velocity of the maximum value of the pressure standard deviation.The relation formulas between the Reynolds numbers of the critical fluidization and the initial turbulent fluidization on the particle size of powdered coal are proposed.The internal relation between the pressure variations and the evolution of the flow regimes is revealed.The results show that the smaller particle size of powdered coal is, the smaller critical velocity of each flow regime is.When slugging fluidization or turbulent fluidization occurs in fluidized-bed, the pressure fluctuation of fine powdered coal is slight, while the pressure fluctuation of coarse powdered coal is severe.The pressure difference between two adjacent points and pressure standard deviation at the bottom of the fluidized-bed increase first and then decrease with the increase of fluidization velocity.

A reverse layered air cooling structure was proposed to strengthen the cooling capacity of battery thermal management system and improve the temperature consistency of the battery pack.Based on the electric-thermal coupling model and computational fluid dynamics,the steady-state numerical simulation of air cooling battery thermal management system was carried out by Fluent 15.0,and the proposed cooling structure has been improved and optimized.The results showed that by using reverse layered air cooling structure,the temperature distribution of battery was very uniform,the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery pack were all decreased and the maximum average temperature difference of the battery was greatly reduced,the temperature distribution of the battery pack,was significantly improved.After the addition of spoiler,the average temperature and average temperature difference of the battery dropped by 2.7℃ and 0.6℃,the cooling capacity and temperature consistency has been further improved to ensure that the battery was in the best working temperature range.

In this paper, a combined heat and power system which is composed of flat plate solar collector, organic Rankine cycle(ORC) and heat pump is proposed, organic fluid R245fa and refrigerant R22 are used respectively as the working fluid of ORC and heat pump cycle.The combined system is simulated by process simulation software gPROMS, the effect of six key parameters on the system performance are analyzed based on net power output, power generation efficiency and CHP efficiency of the system.Results show that there is an optimal flow rate of heat transfer oil and the condensation temperature of refrigerant which let CHP efficiency get maximum value.The combined system is compared with the traditional solar organic Rankine cycle, the results show that CHP efficiency of the combined system is 3.7% higher than that of the ordinary solar ORC when the solar radiation is 1000 W/m².

Light olefins, which are represented by ethylene and propylene, are the important basic organic chemical raw materials, and their demand and production are much higher than other chemical products in the world.With crude oil is becoming heavier worldwide, the technology of producing light olefins from heavy oil directly will be more advantageous, but there are still some problems such as catalyst poisoning, coke formation, continuous regeneration, and further enhancing the safety and reliability of processing units, need to be solved.This paper introduced the catalytic pyrolysis reaction mechanism for light olefins production, development overview of catalytic pyrolysis technology and its catalyst at home and abroad, and so on.Comparing to traditional methods, either from the adaptability of feedstock, light olefins yield, or from the energy consumption, flexibility of operation and product distribution point of view, the catalytic pyrolysis of the economic and social benefits is very significant, and has broad application prospect.Finally, it is pointed out that the technical innovation should be strengthened in the future, and the improvement of the existing process, catalyst, engineering and production technologies and the transformation of the existing equipment should be emphasized. Especially, as a core technology, the development of catalyst technology for catalytic pyrolysis should be intensified.

Fixed bed residue hydrogenating technology is a vital way of heavy oil upgrading,but the deactivation of catalysts restricts the operation cycle of the plant,which affects the overall economic benefits of the refinery.At the early stage of operation in residue hydrogenating process,a large number of coke formed on the catalysts' surface leads to the rapid deactivation of the catalysts,the properties of the coke,the factors affecting the formation of carbon deposits and the methods of inhibiting the carbon deposition are discussed in this paper.The coke is divided into soft and refractory coke on the catalysts' surface,mainly the soft coke at the initial stage of operation;the coke is mainly deposited on the outside of the catalysts that results in the migration of pore diameter to the micropore and decreasing the utilization of the active site in the pore;The properties of the residue,the catalyst properties and the process conditions together determine the formation of the coke at the initial stage of operation,but the coke may be inhibited by optimizing these factors.It is of great significance for the rational use of the catalysts,the extension of the operation cycle and the reduction of refinery production cost.

In recent years, two-dimensional graphene is attracting tremendous attention due to its unique thermal, electronic, and optical properties.Theoretically,graphene has a high surface area, making it highly desirable for using as an ideal carrier of many materials.Graphene is a highly popular nanomaterial, researchers use the graphene with extraordinary nature to compound with different materials to obtain composites of various properties and apply them to various fields.This article presents an overview on the advancement of research in graphene-based composites in catalysts, especially in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.The achievements of the graphene-based composites in the past three years are introduced and the influences of the special properties, preparation methods and the interaction between the materials on the catalytic performance are analyzed.The problems and future prospects of the graphene-based composites in the field of catalysis are pointed out, expecting to provide a reference for the applications of graphene materials in catalysts.

This article reviewed the recent progress of ruthenium-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch(FT)synthesis,and discussed the prospects of its application.In spite of the high cost,Ru-based catalyst possesses higher catalytic activity than currently widely used Co,Fe based catalysts.Studies showed that performance of Ru catalysts is influenced by factors such as Ru precursors,catalyst supports,promoters,and so on.Zeolites,activated carbon,carbon nanotube,and oxides such as SiO₂,Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ could work as supports,giving the catalyst high mechanical strength,high surface area,and significantly increasing the utilization efficiency of Ru.Alkali metals,alkaline earth metals and transition metals could be selected as promoters,which modify the catalyst's microstructure and provide electronic effects,together with the supports.In addition,screening of Ru precursors,as well as optimization of the preparation process,could enhance the performance of Ru catalysts.

The silicon-containing alumina support has been widely used in the field of hydrogenation catalysts because it possess the mutual advantage of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃.In other words,it exhibits better structural properties,mechanical properties and suitable surface acidity.In this paper,the preparation of silicon-containing γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst support were introduced in detail,including sol-gel method,NaAlO₂-Al₂(SO₄)₃ method,kneading method,impregnation and chemical vapor deposition.The effect of preparation method on the pore structure and acidity are discussed.γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst support synthesized by sol-gel method has high chemical purity and exhibits excellent physicochemical properties.The influence mechanism of physicochemical properties of silicon-containing alumina synthesized by different methods is analyzed.It is conducive to turn the pore structure by instructing silicon into alumina in bulk,whereas silicon exposure to the sub-surface or surface facilitates turning the acidity of support.The problems in the current research and the development trend of silicon-containing alumina are proposed.

The production of cyclic carbonate from CO₂ through a cycloaddition reaction represents a green and atom economic process which captures,utilize and stores CO₂ using an industrial catalytic technology.Its economic benefits and emission reduction are unmatched by traditional carbon capture and storage technologies.This work aimed to review the current development of catalyst for the esterification reaction of CO₂ and ethylene oxide(EO),categorize types of catalyst,analyzed the effect of factors such as preparation,auxiliary reagents,carriers etc on the activity of esterification catalysts as well as a discussion over the outlook of such catalysts.

In this paper,the preparation and properties of low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst were studied by using modified activated carbon as the carrier and the transition metal as the active component.The activated carbon modified by oxidation with concentrated nitric acid,and Mn,Fe,Co,Ce as the active component is added to the modified activated carbon carrier by impregnation method,then under the protection of inert gas,the activated carbon was calcined at high temperature and cooled to obtain catalyst.The catalyst was tested based on fixed bed,using NH₃ as the reducing agents,and the activity of the catalyst were tested in different operating conditions.The experimental results show that the catalyst prepared in this paper has high catalytic activity for NO at low temperature,and the denitrification efficiency is up to 99%.The sulfur resistance and the lifetime of the catalyst were also detected.This study provides strong support for the industrial application of the catalyst.

SBA-15 and Ti-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves were prepared by the hydrothermal method using tetraethylorthosilicate as silica source,tetrabutylorthotitanate as titanium source and poly(ethylene glycol)-block -poly(propylene glycol)-block -poly(ethylene glycol)as structure-directing agent.H₂SO₄/SBA-15 and H₂SO₄/Ti-SBA-15 were obtained from acidification of as-prepared zeolites using sulfuric acid.The structure,pore distribution,and surface morphology of SBA-15,H₂SO₄/SBA-15,and H₂SO₄/Ti-SBA-15 were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal method,electron beam scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The catalytic oxidation performances of removing dibenzothiophene(DBT)from model oil were evaluated by the as-prepared zeolites as catalyst,the cyclohexanone(CYHPO)as an oxidant and acetonitrile as an extractant.The sulfur removal of SBA-15,H₂SO₄/SBA-15,and H₂SO₄/Ti-SBA-15 were 36.1%,57.8%,and 65.4%,respectively,with the reaction temperature of 343 K,the reaction time of 60 min,the acetonitrile of 7.5 mL,the molar ratio of CYHPO to DBT of 5:1, and the amount of catalysts of 0.05g.This indicates that the SBA-15 exhibits preferable catalytic oxidative desulfurization activity using acidification and Ti modification.

The perovskite type catalyst(ABO₃)has the advantages of cheap availability,high thermal stability and high catalytic activity,and has important theoretical research value and practical application value in the field of catalyzing the low temperature removal of carbon monoxide(CO).In this study,porous LaCoO₃ and porous LaFeO₃ nanoparticles catalyst were prepared by sol-gel method using polystyrene(PS)microspheres,carbon microspheres as template,lanthanum nitrate,cobalt nitrate,ferric nitrate as metal source and citric acid as complexing agent.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetry-differential thermal,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption-desorption.The results show that the synthesized catalyst has high purity and high thermal stability.The average particle size of the porous LaCoO₃ catalyst prepared by adding 11.12g of PS microspheres was 13nm.The porous LaFeO₃ catalyst prepared by adding 0.5g of carbon microspheres was 19nm,and they both have the mesoporous and microporous pore structure.The results showed that the CO conversion temperature of porous LaMO₃ was reduced by 43℃ and 32℃ when the CO conversion reached 50% compared with the LaMO₃without template under the same conditions.The CO complete conversion temperature was reduced by 90℃ and 60℃.

In the experiment,[C₁imCH₂CH₂COOH]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/γ-Al₂O₃(IL-HPW/γ-Al₂O₃)was made as a kind of catalyst by co-precipitation in the experiment using γ-Al₂O₃ as the carrier and phosphotungstic acid ionic liquids as the active component, characterized by BET,TGA,FTIR,XRD and SEM.The technology conditions of oxidation-extraction were investigated by oxidative desulfurization.During the process, with 30% H₂O₂ as the oxidant, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as the extraction agent, model oil which contained dibenzothiophene(DBT) experienced extraction and oxidation desulfurization.The results showed that under an optimum condition when the dosage of the catalyst is 0.7% (based on the mass of model oil), the reaction time was 60min,n(H₂O₂):n(S)=2.5;when the reaction temperature was 50℃ with only one-time extraction, the optimal sulfur removal was 99.2%.The catalyst showed high desulfurization activity in straight run diesel oil as well.The sulfur content dropped from 477mg/L to 24.4mg/L after extracting it four times with NMP at the given reaction condition.The sulfur removal was as high as 94.88%.

Technologies for the capture, storage and utilization of carbon dioxide, a major green house gas that causes global warming, are of great economic and social benefits.This work studied the catalytic cycloaddition/esterification reaction of ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide to produce ethylene carbonate, a process that served to fix carbon dioxide as well as produce value added ethylene carbonate product.The conversion of ethylene oxide reached 97% and the selectivity to ethylene carbonate reached 98% under very mild conditions.We studied various catalysts for this reaction such as quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salt, metal halides, imidazole and pyridine based ionic liquids and etc.The effect of reaction conditions such as temperature, carbon dioxide pressure, stirring rate and co-catalyst were also studied.

Post-combustion CO₂ capture is of paramount importance in CO₂ capture and storage technology.As a common post-combustion method,solid adsorbents possess advantage of low energy consumption,low corrosion,and favorable regenerability as well as simple devices.It exerts great influence in the realization of CO₂-reduction targets.The key of using adsorption method to eliminate the CO₂ concentration is that the research & development of adsorbent with large adsorption capacity,high selectivity,and lower energy consumption.This paper focuses on recent research progress of carbon-based adsorbents,zeolites,metal-oxide,amino-adsorbents,and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).We mainly elaborate the physical and chemical properties and enumerate CO₂ adsorption properties in practice,existing problems and the improvement measures of these adsorbents.Besides,this paper emphases on the application prospect of metal-organic frameworks in the flue gas.It is shown that MOFs are promising adsorbents due to its high specific area,large pore volume,high porosity,structure tunability.In order to improve the CO₂ adsorption properties of MOFs,four modification methods are summarized in this paper.It extends idea for the worker who will engaged in research and development of CO₂ adsorbents.

Phase change energy storage is a kind of energy storage technology based on material phase transition process to absorb energy.It is widely used in industrial energy recovery field.In this paper, the problem of energy transfer is slowed down in the process of storage/release energy of phase change materials.The heat transfer technology of phase change material energy storage process is summarized from the aspects of optimizing the energy storage structure and adding thermal conductivity.In order to optimize the energy storage structure, the influence of the open structure and the closed structure on the phase change heat transfer process is analyzed.The effects of the metal fins, the heat transfer particles, the heat transfer fibers and the porous metal on the energy conversion of the phase change materials are discussed.It is concluded that the heat loss of the shell structure is small and the heat transfer effect is good.The porous metal is better as the thermal conductive filler, and the composite heat transfer will be the focus of the future research.

For its good solubility in organic solvents,biocompatibility and biodegradability,cellulose acetate is usually used as the substitutive product of cellulose,and widely applied in the fields of biomedicine,electrochemistry,filtration membrane,etc.This paper describes the method to obtain the functional electrospun cellulose acetate fiber carrying the active ingredient such as enzyme,drug,and cell by using physical blend,coaxial electrospinning,layer-by-layer self-assembly technique,etc.The paper also reveals that the electrospun cellulose acetate fiber has significant advantages for its high porosity,specific surface area and three-dimensional net structure.So it can effectively bind biological groups,control the drug release and promote cell adhesion and growth.Meanwhile,the applications on enzyme immobilization,drug delivery and sustained release,tissue engineering,biosensors,antibacterial mats and wound dressings are reviewed.The paper aims to clarify the scientific value and practical significance of the application of electrospinning cellulose acetate,point out the difficulties in scientific research and industrial production,and prospect the fibers development direction.

Zeolite hybrid carbon membranes take the advantages of superior thermal and chemical stability,and excellent controllability of gas separation properties.They are expected to resolve the contradictory trade-off relationship between the gas permeability and selectivity for traditional carbon membranes.However,it lacks of the clear understanding on the function rules and mechanisms of zeolites due to the numerous factors in the preparation of zeolite hybrid carbon membranes.This paper reviews the effects of fabrication factors,including zeolite types,particulates,usage,hybridization methods,carbonization condition,etc,on the gas separation performance of hybrid carbon membranes reported globally.In addition,the function theories of zeolite and the application prospects of hybrid carbon membranes are also analyzed.It is proposed that it would carry out the experimental work to deeply master the function rules of zeolite and the theoretical study based on model establishment in the viewpoint of controllable fabrication.

The carbonaceous material used in lithium-sulfur batteries has excellent mechanical,electrical,thermal conductivity,adjustable pore structure,and rich surface properties,can effectively limit the dissolution of polysulfides to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.In this paper,the research progress of sulfur-sulfur carbon-based composite cathode materials is reviewed from three aspects:one-dimensional carbon,two-dimensional carbon and three-dimensional carbon.The preparation method and structure design of modified sulfur-based carbon cathode materials are discussed.The results show that the porous nano-carbon with high specific surface area and high pore volume is very important to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur battery,and the ordered mesoporous carbon composites doped with metal sulfide are proposed as lithium-sulfur.The cathode material can promote the migration of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes,improve the cycle stability of lithium-sulfur batteries and active material utilization.

Boron-10 has a large thermal neutron absorption cross-section. Therefore,boron-10 carbide (¹⁰B₄C) has some important applications in nuclear industry because of its good mechanical properties, excellent oxidation,corrosion resistances and more superior thermal neutron absorption characteristics. Unlike the natural abundance boron carbide (B₄C), the preparation of ¹⁰B₄C takes the boron-10trifluoride (¹⁰BF₃) obtained by boron isotope separation as the starting material. This paper summarizes a number of process routes for preparation of intermediate material (boric acid, boron oxide, boron powders)from boron trifluoride and the preparation of boron carbide through the carbothermic reduction, organic sol-gel, magnesiothermic reduction and direct synthesis. By analyzing the characteristics of the routes mentioned above,it is suggested that three routes of boron carbide prepared by direct cracking of trimethyl borate, trialkyl boron and borane. Last, the paper analyzes and compares the characteristics and research progress of these three direct pyrolysis routes, discusses the efficient and economical preparation routes of boron-10 carbide.

Fe₃O₄ is an excellent functional material widely applied to water purification, magnetic fluid, targeted drugs, etc. due to excellent magnetic property and high chemical stability. The main synthetic methods include coprecipitation, thermal decomposition, micro-emulsion and solvothermal method. The solvothermal method, benefiting from diverse products varying in shapes and appearances, high regularity and simple procedures, gains the most popularity. The solvent, mineralizer and surfactant applied in this method have relatively great impact on the shape, appearance and performance of Fe₃O₄ nano particle. In such context, in the paper, the preparation procedures of Fe₃O₄ nano particle by use of the solvothermal method has been described, based on which the mechanism for synthesis of hollow Fe₃O₄ nano particle by the solvothermal method has also been expounded. In conclusion, the solvent serves as the reductive agent while providing necessary liquid-phase environment for the synthesis; the mineralizer facilitates the dissolution of iron precursor thus ensuring the smooth proceeding of the synthetic reaction; the shapes and appearances of Fe₃O₄ nano particle vary with the types, concentrations of the surfactants, and acting Fe₃O₄ crystal faces. In the end, the author has looked to the development trend of the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nano particle by use of the solvothermal method. On the basis of hollow Fe₃O₄, the researcher's focus is on how to synthesize multilayered crustiform Fe₃O₄ nano particle by use of high-viscosity solvent and surfactant.

The content of element on the surface of carbon fiber is strongly correlated to the temperature during heat treatment. This paper mainly discusses the evolution of type and content of different elements due to the change of heat treatment temperature (HTT). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to analyze the content and chemical state of elements of different carbon fibers undergone heat treatment with HTTs above 2000℃. The result shows that relative content of carbon increases with the increase of HTT, with the content of sp²-hybridized carbon increasing and the content of sp³-hybridized carbon decreasing at the same time. Oxygen content decreases at higher HTT, due to the breaking of O-C bonds. Silicon content remains almost constant with the variation of HTT. Silicon is mainly in the form of SiO₂ and Si₃N₄. The relative content of SiO₂ increases at the elevated HTT, which is attributed to the breaking of Si-N bonds and their converting to Si-O bonds.

In order to study the influence of used rubber on coke quality, the pyrolysis performance of rubber powder is analyzed, the 70kg test coke oven is used to coking. The results show that the pyrolysis characteristics of used rubber is similar to coal, that provide the possibility of waste rubber instead of coal in coking. The results also show that with used rubber blending ratio increase, coke ash content decreased, sulfur content increased, coke mechanical strength of DI decreased slightly and the CSR decreased. In the range of ratio of 2%, ash decreased slightly, sulfur content increased, DI decreased, CSR increased slightly, the coke quality remained stable. The analysis shows that the specific surface area of micro-pore (<0.1μm) have the biggest change, while the middle pore (0.1-10μm) and the big pore (10μm) does not change significantly. When the ratio of used rubber was from 0 to 6%, the specific surface area of coke increased from 1.5m²/g to 3.5m²/g, that is the reason the bigger specific surface react fast and the strength of coke after reaction decreases. The analysis also shows that the stacking height of L_c decreased gradually with the increase of the ratio of used rubber. Coke mechanical strength is decrease with the degree of graphitization of coke.

Epigranular nano CaCO₃ was prepared under high initial Ca²⁺ concentration from calcium carbide residue, using NH₄Cl and CO₂ as leaching and carbonation agent, respectively. STP(sodium tripolyphosphate) mixed with PEG-10000(polyethylene glycol-10000) was screened as the more suitable compound additives. The influence of dosage of additives, reaction temperature and the flow rate of CO₂ on the particle size of the sample was investigated. The optimum synthesis conditions of nano CaCO₃ were determined as follows:dosage of STP and PEG-10000 was 3% and 1.5% respectively, the reaction temperature was 25℃, the flow rate of CO₂ was 400mL/min. Under the optimum condition, the nano CaCO₃ prepared were pure metastable state vaterite type with uniform particle size and good dispersion. The average particle size of the CaCO₃ samples was about 45nm with average crystallite size of 20nm. The calcium carbonate samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction device (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR),these resultants were used to analyze the possible influence mechanism on the particle size of the reaction temperature and the flow rate of CO₂. And the resultants were also used to further discuss the action mechanism of compound additives.

Combined with FTIR spectrum analysis and curve-fitting method were used to calculate the aromatic index (I_ar) and branch chain index (CH₃/CH₂) of refined pitch modified by AlCl₃. Optical microstructure of liquid phase carbonization product and its calcination product were studied by optical microscope. The distribution of carbon crystalline in calcinated product was determined by XRD. The results show that, the refined pitch modified by AlCl₃has the I_ar and CH₃/CH₂ index of 0.6388 and 0.4329, respectively. The holding time of liquid phase carbonization present an significant impact on the microstructure of carbonization product. Coupled with XRD analysis and curve-fitting method reveals that, it shows the content of ordered crystallite structure (I_g) and holding time of calcinated product present a good linear relationship. It can be predicted that,extension the holding time can takes a positive role on the microstructure of high quality pitch based coke and easy to graphitization, using the refined modified pitch as the raw material.

ZnAl-LDHs was synthesized by coprecipitation, and then modified using sodium oleate as the surface modifier to prepare the sodium oleate ZnAl-LDHs(O-ZnAl-LDHs). The ZnAl-LDHs and O-ZnAl-LDHs samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM and TG. Adding ZnAl-LDHs and O-ZnAl-LDHs into ABS to prepare ABS composites, the effects of the addition of LDHs on the retardant and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that:when the addition was 10%~50%, both the ZnAl-LDHs and O-ZnAl-LDHs can improve the limit oxygen index (LOI) of the ABS composites, when the addition of O-ZnAl-LDHs was 40%, the modified ZnAl-LDHs oxygen index improved significantly compared with the unmodified ZnAl-LDHs, and met the requirements of V-1 level in the UL-94 vertical combustion test; when the addition of O-ZnAl-LDHs was 50%, the LOI can reach 28.2%, and met the requirements of V-0 level in the UL-94 vertical combustion test; while the mechanical properties of O-ZnAl-LDHs/ABS composite improved certainly compared to the ZnAl-LDHs/ABS composite at the same addition.

Ginkgo biloba seed is one of the medicinal and edible plant resources enriched in nutrients and specific biological activity substances. It has been found that Ginkgo seed has a variety of pharmacological function. The effective components such as polysaccharide, lactone and protein in Ginkgo biloba have been concerned by researchers at home and abroad, and studied in the field of extraction, purification and efficacy evaluation. China is a country with large Ginkgo production, where Ginkgo germplasm resources are rich. However, the Ginkgo deep processing industry level in China is relatively low, which results that the Ginkgo resources have not been effectively utilized and the value of Ginkgo has not been fully realized. In response to these problems, the methods of extraction, isolation and biological activity of Ginkgo seed, as well as its pharmacological action in domestic and foreign studies have been reviewed. The future of Ginkgo seed functional products has been prospected. The aim is to guide and stimulate the Ginkgo seed industry in China, to raise the attention and development of Ginkgo seeds, and to promote the rapid development of the domestic Ginkgo industry.

The cephalosporin C (CPC) and other antibiotics fermentation face the foodstuff competition problem with human beings, as the carbon sources derived from corn, wheat and sweet potato starch. It is a beneficial attempt to deal with this problem by using abundant lignocellulosic biomass as the substitution of starch. Rice straw holocellulose hydrolyte was used as available carbon source and the mixture of holocellulose and cellulase was continuous carbon source in fermentation medium. While holocellulose content, cellulase dosage, (NH₄)₂SO₄ amount, corn syrup addition and the initial pH were 40g/L, 0.4%, 10g/L, 60g/L and 6.0, respectively, the fermentation of Cephalosporium acremonium CPCC 400039 attained the maximum CPC yield, 382.12U/mL, 84.04% of the yield in the standard medium. Also, this study further confirmed that rice straw pretreated with SO₃ micro-thermal explosion could be utilized as an carbon source alternative to the cephalosporin C and other antibiotics fermentation as well as other industrial fermentation, due to the high glucose content and the negligible content of furfural and other by-products in holocellulose hydrolyte of the pretreated rice straw.

In practice, the conventional water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion systems are applied in the process of separation, production and research, after which demulsification is required. However, it is problematic, such as high cost, irrealizable recovery of emulsifiers and demulsifier agents, to demulsify the conventional emulsion systems. Environmental stimuli-responsive emulsion systems are a novel family of intelligent emulsion systems, which can respond to signals, such as light, magnetism, pH and CO₂. The research and potential applications on environmental stimuli-responsive emulsion systems with performance responding to light, magnetism, pH and CO₂ were reviewed respectively. On one hand, compared with the conventional emulsion systems, it is facile to achieve demulsification, cycling of emulsifiers and oil phase and to recovery target object. On the other hand, it also broadens the space for emulsions applied in catalysis, material synthesis, drug delivery and controlled release, and so on. In the end, the existing problems and the development prospect of environmental stimuli-responsive emulsion systems were forecasted.

Ferrocene derivatives, due to their excellent electrochemical activity, thermal and photochemical stability, have drawn more and more attention in materials and pharmaceutical fields. Ferrocene boronic acid as a raw material for the preparation of ferrocene derivatives has a wide range of applications in the synthetic reaction. This paper reviews and summarizes the research progress of the synthetic reactions involved ferrocene boric acid at home and abroad in recent years. The reactions were investigated comprehensively from the substrate type, reaction condition, yield and mechanism. This kind of reactions have wide application prospect in the fields of drug and catalyst synthesis, preparation of metal organic materials, development of optical devices and construction of molecular motor nanometer system. Finally, in the view of existing problems such as the participation of heavy metals, harsh reaction conditions, and poor reaction yields, this paper points out that the green, inexpensive and efficient reaction system is the future development direction. The vast majority of reaction involved ferrocene boric acid was coupling reaction; the number of other reaction types was relatively few. With deepening of the research, more and more reactions involved ferrocene boric acid will be developed, which will become an important means of organic synthesis.

To prepare a good walnut shell scrub shower gel, this paper using the walnut shell powder as an additive to prepare a new type of body scrub. By adding carbomer, triethanolamine, sulfosuccinate monoester disodium, sodium chloride, deionized water, mint pure dew, etc. This paper examines the sensory index of walnut shell scrub shower gel. The effect of different size walnut shell powder and its adding amount on the pH, viscosity and foaming of shower gel were studied. The evaluation of the frosting performance of the shower gel was carried out to find the most suitable amount of abrasive grains and particle size. The results showed that:the sensory index of the walnut shell scrub shower gel of the formula to meet the bathing agent QB/T 1994-2013 standard, pH close to the human skin, the role of moderate, rich in foam. As the results shown, when the particle size was 180-250μm and the supplementation reached 1.5%, the body scrub could achieve the better cleaning function, maintain the stability of pH, and remain certain viscosity and excellent foamability.

2-phenyl-6-hydroxy-3-pyridazone is a kind of important heterocyclic compound which is an important activity medicine and pesticide intermediates. Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride was synthesized with aniline as raw material by diazotization, reduction reaction. Then, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride was reacted with maleic anhydride to get 2-phenyl-6-hyroxy-3-pyridazone. The effects of technical parameters on the yield of 2-phenyl-6-hyroxy-3-pyridazone were studied through single-factor experimental method, such as raw materials ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature, etc. The optima reaction conditions were determined as follow:n(C₆H₇N):n(NaNO₂):n(HCl)=1:1.02:2.3, reduction temperature 85℃, reduction time 2h, condensation temperature 100℃,condensation time 3h, the 85% yield of 2-phenyl-6-hyroxy-3-pyridazone could be reached. It show that synthetic is the target product.by melting,IR,NMR and HPLC characterization and analysis.

In this paper,2-amino-5-chloro-benzophenone and chloroacetyl chloride were used as starting materials to synthesize 2-chloroacetylamino-5-chloro-benzophenone by chloroacetylation and then reacted with hexamethylenetetramine under microwave irradiation by Delépine reaction and the ketamine condensation reaction to give 5-phenyl-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. The influence of the main reaction conditions on the yield of the product was studied by single factor experiment. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows:reaction temperature 100℃, n(2-chloroacetylamino-5-chloro-benzophenone):n(hexamethylenetetramine)=1:2.0, reaction time 50min, 2mL of 36% acetic acid,25mL of anhydrous ethanol and the yield of the cyclization reaction reached 89.6% under the optimal reaction conditions, the total yield was 84.8%, The experimental reproducibility is better. The products were characterized by melting point, IR and ¹HNMR. The results showed that the synthesized product was the target product.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is regarded as an effective measure for reducing CO₂ emissions. However, considerable energy consumption is required for the capture, which limits a large-scale application in the industrial field. Thus, a clear research framework on energy efficiency of CCS should be provided to solve such technological bottleneck, based on the viewpoints of energy conversion and management. In this paper, a summary on the theoretical model of energy-efficiency analysis is firstly presented in terms of separation, process and carbon pump model. A comparative analysis is briefly conducted on the aspects of fundamental theory, model feature and development level. The evaluation tools and indexes, which are developed based on the first law and second law of thermodynamics, are summarized as well. Through a briefing comparative study on energy-efficiency performance of typical capture technologies, the application significance of such evaluation tools is discussed in the aspect of research methodology. Finally, the developing trend of the research on energy-efficiency of CCS is presented:the integration of renewable energy into CCS can compensate the energy penalty, but the analysis of energy-efficiency will be much more complicated; considering the carbon migration process in a whole-chain, life cycle assessment (LCA) method is required to refine the evaluation of energy-efficiency; dynamic characteristic of the actual operation requires a smaller time scale in energy-efficiency analysis. The reviewed research framework would provide useful guidance for the future work.

Since increasing amount of waste plastics is becoming a severe global environmental threat, recovering waste plastics and converting it to usable resources has attracted a lot of attention in the world. This review has summarized the current R&D and commercialization status for various technologies including thermal cracking, catalytic cracking which convert waste plastics to fuel around the world. After thorough comparison, we believe that catalytic cracking has the best potential to become the future commercial technology for converting waste plastics to fuel efficiently, environment-friendly, and without secondly pollution. It also describes the impact of temperature, residence time, waste plastics composition, catalyst, and reactor configuration on cracking reactions. Suggestions and recommendations are provided regarding how to improve technology commercialization, especially dechlorination of mixed waste plastics, increasing the yield of liquid products and improving the stability of oil products.

The development of the dust ultra-low emission technology was reviewed in the paper, including pre dust precipitation technology and further dust precipitation technology. Electrostatic precipitator, fiber bag precipitator and electrostatic fabric filter are the representative technologies in the pre dust precipitation technology,while the integrated dedusting and desulfurization technology and wet electrostatic precipitator are the representative technologies in the further dust precipitation technology. Dust ultra-low emission technology is the efficient combination of pre dust precipitation technology and further dust precipitation technology, including the integrated dedusting and desulfurization technology, wet electrostatic precipitator and electrostatic fabric filter, respectively. In addition, the main problems that need to be solvled in the future are optimizing operation and accurate measurement of dust,and a new dust controlling technology must be developed in the long-term future which has the characteristics of low energy and high performance.

Theoretic researches on the adsorption of mercury can lead to a deep understanding about the removal of mercury on different adsorbents from the electronic and atomic scale. It is helpful for designing and synthesizing more effective adsorbents for the removal of mercury. This review is devoted to the progress made in recent years in theoretical calculation about mercury removal by noble metal adsorbents, metal oxide adsorbents, activated carbon adsorbents and the research progress of modification. The heterogeneous oxidation mechanisms of mercury on Pd (100) surface and different metal oxide adsorbents were summarized. Second metal doping, suitable carriers and surface modification will increase mercury removal activity. The kinds of metal modified activated carbon and metal loading amount will affect mercury removal activity. The oxidation mechanisms varied with catalysts or atmosphere. Finally, future research directions were proposed, involving exploring the effects of NO, SO₂, H₂O and several gases simultaneous on mercury removal activity, effects of molecular sieves and other carriers on mercury removal activity, and mercury oxidation by molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, pointing out atmosphere, the carriers, molecular dynamics still need further research.

Considering the practical factors,using absorbents to remove mercury in flue gas is the most potential mercury control technology in current technologies,in order to achieve environmental protection and economy in coal-fired plant mercury control,researching the regenerable mercury sorbents is very necessary. This paper introduces the research status of mercury adsorbents,illustrates that halogen modified adsorbent,noble metal modified adsorbent,metallic oxide adsorbent and metallic sulfide adsorbent all have a prominent effect on demercuration,and metallic oxide adsorbent is the key research in regenerable sorbents due to its economy and good regenerability;this paper also briefly describes the regeneration methods,researchers regenerated used mercury sorbents through thermal regeneration,non-thermal plasma regeneration or water washing regeneration and all the regeneration methods made the used sorbents have activity again,thermal regeneration is the most studied and the most widely used method,and non-thermal plasma regeneration is a very promising regeneration technology due to its environment conservation and energy saving.

The common methods of recovery technology of spent selective catalytic reduction denitration catalyst (solidification and chemical recovery methods) were classified and summarized. The chemical recovery methods for recovery of SCR catalyst are introduced,including acid leaching,alkali leaching and roasting. The different processes of the three methods were analyzed and concluded. Compared with the recovery process,the alkali recovery process was superior to other processes in the comprehensive recovery of titanium,vanadium,tungsten,silicon,aluminum and other elements. The solve to the problems of fewer types of material and the low recovery rate,the corresponding solutions was the improved alkali recovery process,by further optimization of industrial prospects.

The process of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regeneration produces a large number of environmental pollutants, SO_x and NO_x. In order to protect the environment, desulfurization and denitrification of the process is an essential measure. Desulfurization and denitrification with reduction, which having the advantages of local resources to SO_x and unharmed to NO_x, is being another candidate route for users. In this paper, the reduction method is divided into four categories:carbon based catalyst reduction, metal oxide catalyst reduction, rare earth catalyst reduction and other types of catalyst reductive method. The progress of reduction technology, the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification with different catalysts and the reaction mechanisms were reviewed in this paper. It is pointed out that the research of the novel catalysts is the key to the development of the reduction technology, and the prospect of the reduction technology for the FCC flue gas treatment is also discussed.

Ultrasound technology is a kind of environmentally friendly technology, which has the advantages of mild handling conditions, high efficiency and no secondary pollution to the environment. The paper discusses the mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of organic pollution in detail, and it also introduces the models of steady state cavitation and transient cavitation. The kinetic equation of ultrasonic degradation is summarized, and the general kinetic degradation equation is explained, which can help have further comprehend the ultrasonic degradation process. Simultaneously, this paper also introduces the application and research of single ultrasonic treatment technology in printing and dyeing wastewater, pesticide wastewater and pharmaceutical wastewater, and points out the shortcoming of single ultrasonic treatment technology. Various combined technologies, including ultrasound-ozone, ultrasound-Fenton oxidation, ultrasound-photo catalysis and ultrasound-zero valent iron, and the characteristics and combined mechanism of each technology are briefly described. Considering the effects of treatment, economy and environmental protection, most of ultrasonic technology and its combination technology are still in laboratory research. Finally, the problems that may be encountered in the application of ultrasonic treatment technology are summarized.

At present, a great deal of researches have been done on photocatalytic oxidation for the removal of highly concentrated and refractory organic compounds (such as dyes) in industrial wastewater, but few studies have been conducted on the application of low concentration organic pollutants in source water. In this paper, the development of photocatalytic oxidation technology is reviewed. The principle of photocatalytic oxidation is introduced, and the main directions of photocatalyst and modification researches are briefly analyzed. It is pointed out that low concentration organic pollutants are difficult to be degraded biochemically, and the structure is more complex, which has a great influence on the safety of drinking water. The low concentration organic pollutants can be divided into natural organic pollutants (mainly humus) and synthetic organic pollutants (including pesticides, antibiotics, etc.) to illustrate the research on how to remove these pollutants in water by photocatalytic oxidation, which shows that low concentration of organic pollutants in water can be removed effectively, and can also improve the biochemical degradation. So this kind of water has become a promising method for the removal of organic matter, and can provide conditions for subsequent biological treatment. We put forward some questions, such as the powder photocatalyst can not be recovered, the utilization range of light is narrow,the degradation of organic matter is mostly a study of substances alone,and the influence of ions in water and so on. The directions for further research are also proposed.

The effects of acid treatment, base treatment, oxidation treatment and ultrasonic irradiation on the removal of lignin from wheat stalk powder (WSP) were investigated. Hemicellulose content is decreased by acid treatment and lignin content is decreased by base treatment. Hemicellulose and lignin are decreased by oxidation treatment. Ultrasonic treatment can effectively disperse WSP and make it full contact with the solvent,thereby promoting the removal of lignin. The treatment process of WSP was optimized by orthogonal experiment in order to remove lignin from WSP. The optimum conditions of treatment are that the concentrations of NaOH and H₂O₂ in alkaline and H₂O₂ mixed solution are 1mol/L and 1.5% H₂O₂, the ratio of alkaline H₂O₂ to ethanol is 1:1, and that 5g of WSP is pretreated under ultrasonic irradiation for about 5min, mixed with a mixing solution of about 20times, and then treated under ultrasonic irradiation for 5min, and then treated at a temperature of 80℃ for 3h. Under these conditions, the removal rate of lignin from WSP reaches 88%.

Limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization process is the most widely used flue-gas desulfurization technology, this process produces a certain amount of desulfurization wastewater. The enrichment of Cl^- included in desulfurization wastewater will increase the corrosivity of the slurry and they are difficult to be removed using conventional processing methods. The electrolysis-electrodialysis process is a promising recycling-treatment, but the Mg²⁺ included in desulfurization wastewater will influence reliable operation of the system. This paper adopted an electrolysis setup with three compartments and a pair of membranes and used a mixture of CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ at different concentrations of Mg²⁺ to simulate desulfurization wastewater, and proceeded to study the effect of Mg²⁺ during the electrolysis-electrodialysis process. Results show that the increase of the concentration of Mg²⁺ can make the electrolyte pH difficult to increase, increase the cell voltage and the energy consumption. When the concentration of Mg²⁺ is more than 0.179mol/L, the desulfurization wastewater should be pretreated by chemical precipitation or other suitable methods before electrolysis to ensure reliable operation of the electrolysis-electrodialysis system.

Ultrasonic-demulsification hyphenated technique was adopted to remove waste oil from oil sludge which were generated in Daqing. The effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time and demulsifier dosage on the oil removal efficiency were studied. The microscopic structure of the sludge before and after ultrasonic-demulsification were analyzed by microscopy. The experimental results show that the best oil removal rate of oily sludge is 96.8% under the optimum condition of ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz, ultrasonic power of 70W, ultrasonic temperature of 40℃,ultrasonic time of 10min, and the demulsifier dosage is 3mg/L,which are 9.4% higher than a single demulsification technique. Microscopic results show that:compared with a single demulsification treatment of sludge, after ultrasonic-demulsification treatment of sludge, no obvious oil droplets and water droplets, the surface is relatively smooth and less impurity content. It is shown that the cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave has the effect of increasing the oil removal efficiency. It is proved that the ultrasonic-demulsification hyphenated technique can effectively remove waste oil sludge.

In the dredging process of the battery produced a lot of sediment,and the amount of accumulation is increasing. Not only to the destruction of the ecological environment, but also take up a lot of land. At present, the comprehensive utilization of sediment in Dianchi has been preliminarily explored,But how to achieve the reduction of sediment, harmless, stable disposal and resource utilization, is a big problem to be solved. In order to solve this problem, a new method is put forward, which uses sediment as adsorbent. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed that the sediment is used as adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater, which provides a new way to realize the resource utilization of sediment. Through the high temperature calcination treatment sediment adsorption treatment of chromium and copper containing wastewater,using static adsorption method. The effects of calcination temperature, pH, ion concentration, adsorption temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption of Cr⁶⁺ and Cu²⁺ were studied. The results show that the treatment of wastewater containing chromium and copper by high temperature roasting sediment has the advantages of high removal rate, high adsorption capacity and good treatment effect. The results of thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process of Cr⁶⁺ and Cu²⁺ is spontaneous, endothermic and entropy.

The application of ESP in coal-fired power plant was analyzed in this paper, and multi-scale integration, multi-field Synergy, multiphase coupling mechanism of PM_2.5 agglomeration was introduced. The multi-scale integration, multi-field synergy and multiphase coupling of the flue gas dedusting equipment in coal-fired power plant were analyzed. And based on this, two main technical route were put forward:"cooling device+electrical charge device+large scale turbulence device+small scale turbulence device+dry type ESP+WFGD combines the effect of agglomeration with dust","electrical charge device+cooling device+small scale turbulence device+dry type ESP+WFGD combines the effect of agglomeration with dust", through the actual engineering application, the feasibility of the technology and economy was introduced, ultra-low emission of high ash inferior soot can be achieved, PM_2.5 emissions reduce by 37%, which is a worthy PM_2.5 agglomeration technology for large-scale commercial promotion.

The influence of MgO on the reduction thermodynamics and kinetics of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite carbon-containing pellet were studied and analyzed. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the MgO additive can promote the reduction reaction due to the replacement reaction between MgO and FeTiO₃, but the reduction reaction was restrained with the MgO-containing Fe-Ti-O compound production increased. The experimental results show that the reaction fraction of pellet is increased gradually by increasing the amount of MgO which the reduction temperature is lower than 1050℃;when the reduction temperature is more than 1050℃, there was a highest increase amplitude of the reaction fraction with the amount of MgO was 6%, the increase amplitude of the reaction fraction with the amount of MgO was 10% was the lowest, and the variety of the increase amplitude of the other samples was even. The kinetic study shows that the calculated value of three-dimensional diffusion model and interfacial reaction model fit well with the experimental values, it was concluded that the reduction process was controlled by diffusion and interface reaction. The reaction rate constant decrease gradually with increasing the amount of MgO.

This paper studies the reaction between NaClO₃ and hydrochloric acid and investigates the effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the compound chlorine dioxide and its chlorate disinfection byproducts. Findings:The compound chlorine dioxide produced through the reaction of NaClO₃ and hydrochloric acid does not produce chlorate in the process of disinfection of drinking water. The running water that is disinfected by the use of compound chlorine dioxide is detected to have chlorate disinfection by-products which are derived from the NaClO₃ that misses complete reaction in the reaction residual liquid. The residual amount of incompletely reacted NaClO₃ is the main factor affecting the chlorate content in disinfectant water, which decreases with the increase of reaction temperature or lengthening of the reaction time. The reaction residue enters the water body with ClO₂ and Cl₂. When the concentration of available chlorine was 2mg/L, the reaction temperature was 20℃ and the reaction time was 10min, the content of NaClO₃ in the disinfectant water was higher than 0.7mg/L of the national standard. When the reaction temperature was 20℃, and the reaction time was 30min and above, or the reaction temperature was 30℃ and above, the content of NaClO₃ in the disinfectant water was lower than 0.7mg/L of the national standard. When the reaction temperature was 90℃, and the reaction time was 70min, the content of NaClO₃ in the disinfectant water was the lowest, that was 0.019mg/L.

The traditional coal chemical enterprises in Jincheng were studied as research object. Combining process characteristics,unorganized emission sources of volatile organic compounds were teased out. Among them,equipment and static seal leakage and waste water collection, storage, processing and dissipation were the most important unorganized emission sources, also the most difficult unorganized emission sources. According to the features of unorganized emission sources,The targeted measures were proposed.

After the accident, the enterprises involved the emergency rescue capability is the most effective force to prevent the accident, and it is the first barrier to prevent the expansion of the accident. Emergency rescue capability is reflected mainly in three aspects:the employee (or emergency team) of completeness of emergency rescue level and the enterprises of various types of contingency plans and applicability of the emergency resources or equipment. This paper combed the current effective laws and regulations about the ability of emergency rescue. On the basis of given emergency rescue capabilities influence factors, a domain 200 enterprises emergency rescue capability research is implemented, comparative analysis of the current situation of emergency rescue capabilities of different types of enterprises, the main problems existing in the emergency rescue capability are found, provides first-hand information to further study of how to improve enterprise emergency rescue capabilities and to improve the level of accident emergency. Put forward corresponding measures and suggestions of the problems existed from compliance, system construction, the examination and the safety regulation.

In the process of promoting intelligent factories, large scale refining enterprises put forward an intelligent factory real-time information platform in view of many deficiencies of the existing real-time information systems. The real-time information platform through original data acquisition, analysis and processing from the production field, can make the enterprises to find the problems existing in production, to meet the demand for real-time control of intelligent plant integration data is accurate, safe, rapid and integrated management requirements. This paper introduces the key technology of real-time information platform, including the data model definition and task scheduling strategy, and a detailed description of the historical data archive related to compression technology; at the same time this paper analyzes the overall framework of the real-time information platform, and points out that the design is important for system performance control of its component model and concurrency; this paper focuses on the analysis of the commonly used applications such as flow chart, trend chart, production report and other technologies, and points out that the feasibility and advantages of B/S framework combined with flash technology to achieve the above functions based on. Finally, the application of the real-time information platform in a large-scale refinery enterprise is demonstrated. Large-scale refinery enterprise is demonstrated.

CO₂ EOR and storage is an effective method to reduce greenhouse gas emission associated with tertiary oil recovery. With the CO₂ breakthrough in production wells, selection the best way to dispose the associated gas will become important. In this paper, the general rule of CO₂-associated gas produced during CO₂ injection is analyzed. The feasibility and application range of three production gas disposal options are evaluated, including direct re-injection or mixed with pure CO₂ for re-injection, combustion for power generation associated with flue gas re-injection, and CO₂ capture for rejection. The preliminary screen criteria for these gas disposal options is established. Further, four different CO₂ capture techniques are also compared in applicability and economy, including chemical absorption, low-temperature fractionation, pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation. Taking CO₂ EOR and storage projects in Weyburn and Jilin oilfields, the main process of CO₂recycling is analyzed, which can provides valuable insights for the CO₂disposal in the other CO₂ EOR and storage projects. The results show that direct re-injection or mixed with pure CO₂ for re-injection is preferred for the treatment of CO₂-associated gas in the oil field. Secondly, CO₂separation and purification of the produced gas is considered. The scale of CO₂-EOR plants are usually small or middle in domestic, which choose pressure swing adsorption and low-temperature fractionation, while the large scale plants in foreign countries once used chemical absorption and membrane separation to capture CO₂ from associated gas.

Steady-state simulation of traditional cyclohexanone distillation process was established by Aspen Plus, and calculation for main equipments were carried out in this simulation. Analysis of gas-liquid phase composition in the light column was conducted, and the results showed that cyclohexanone composition on the fifth theoretical plate at the top of light column had reached the product quality requirements. Based on the process simulation, a new process of cyclohexanone distillation with side stream was proposed. Through modifying the cyclohexanone column, the light components were separated on the top of cyclohexanone column, and the cyclohexanone product was withdrawal by a side stream simultaneously. In the new process, the separation of light components and cyclohexanone purification were conducted in a single column, while the light column and auxiliary equipments in the conventional process were eliminated. The optimized simulation results showed that, the theoretical plate number of the new cyclohexanone column was 80, and the cyclohexanone product (mass fraction 99.8%) was extracted from the 10th theoretical plate at the top of the column. In the new process, the gas-liquid load in the cyclohexanone column was the same as that of the traditional scheme. As a result, the cyclohexanone column had the same diameter as the existing one, and 15 more theoretical plates were required on the top of the new column. Compared with the conventional process, the new process can save energy more than 25% and improve the yield of cyclohexanone product. Additionally, the new process had the advantages of saving construction land and equipment investment.

The problems of water system in methanol to olefin plant are analyzed. The major problems in quench system are the fouling on tower plates and the high solid content. The components with high-melting-point solidify on cold tower plates is the main course of fouling, and pre-spray before tower plate can handle this. PAM was used to decrease solid content of quench water. The major problems in washing system are the increase of pressure drop, and the decrease of heat transfer effect. It is analyzed that the gradient solidification of multi methyl benzene in system and blend with catalysts are the main reasons. Hence the washing tower should separate into several segments, and decrease the temperature gradient in segments while increase that between segments. Cyclone before washing tower is able to decrease solid content in washing water.

In shenhua Baotou PE unit,the exhaust gas to the torch system containing more than 22% of C₂ olefin components. To improve the recovery of ethylene,comonomers and isopentane from the exhaust gas of gas-phase ployethylen plant, choose a suitable recycling schemes for Baotou plant by Compared with existing domestic comprehensive utilization of tail gas recovery scheme(membrance sparation,cryogenic separation,GPE,PSA,ombination technique). Results show that recovered ethylene 81kg/h, 1-butene consumption fell 0.093 t/t to 0.091t/t, isopentaneconsumption fell 1.7kg/t to 1.52kg/t, which greatly reduces the emission of flare gas and the energy consumption,and calculate preliminary economic analysis.

In order to meet the need of collaboration design on the same platform, a complete digital integration design platform needs to be built due to the rapid development of digital power plants.As an important part of digital design, 2D/3D collaborative design still exists defects:manual repeated input data and data transmission problem. By using the binary tree algorithm in computer technology, it is possible to match the two-three-dimensional model in real time without pre-coding. Based on this, the two collaborative design modes (rapid mode and precise mode) are proposed, which can greatly improve the design efficiency and design quality. A new subcontracting business model is also derived, that is three-dimensional modeling design outsourcing, which does not need to provide database and coding system.

Crosslinked and sorbitol-plasticized feather keratin (FK)/sodium alginate (SA) blend films were prepared by the casting process, using glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, or alginate dialdehyde (ADA) as crosslinker. The effects of crosslinking modification on the structure and properties of the blend films were investigated. FTIR analysis confirmed the crosslinking reaction in the process of modification. SEM results showed that crosslinking made the microstructure of the blend films more compact. After crosslinking, the thermal stability and moisture resistance of the blend films were enhanced, the transmittance and the elongation at break decreased. The tensile strength increased when crosslinked with glyoxal or glutaraldehyde, and decreased when crosslinked with ADA.

With the emphasis of Chinese government on new energy vehicles,the development trends of power battery mainly includes LFP cell,NMC cell,LTO cell. Owing to its excellent characteristics, long life,high power,high security,etc,LTO battery can be applied to the city bus,storage areas,industrial equipments,etc. In this paper,the development trend,competition pattern,technical field and application market of lithium titanate in China are analyzed and being data mining systematically,which carried out by systematic search for the Chinese patent of lithium titanate. The results of analysis indicate that the preparation technology of lithium titanate is still not mature enough,and the mainstream of lithium titanate preparation technology is still modified. To alleviate or even solve the flatulence problem of lithium titanate battery,the modifications of lithium titanate material and electrolyte, and new formation process are still the main trend. The lithium titanate technology was mainly mastered in China,Japan and the United States,and the main market is in China. The application field of lithium titanate is gradually expanding,but it is mainly concentrated in the field of new energy vehicles and energy storage,and there are very large market potentials in other areas, which will be the future application trends of lithium titanate patents.