The aromatic polyamide(PA)composite membrane,which is the most successful commercial reverse osmosis(RO) membrane,has been widely used in the field of water treatment. The thorough analysis of PA membrane is helpful to innovate the design of substitute membrane. Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation is an effective tool to investigate the microscopic structure and molecular behavior of the materials,and can be used to study the polymerization,structure and performances of PA membrane. Based on the summary of the physicochemical properties of polyamide RO membrane,this paper reviews the progress of MD simulation study on PA RO membrane,including the polymerization mechanism,molecular structure,diffusion of water and solute inside the membrane and the mechanism of membrane fouling. Due to the limitations in research scale and subjects,it is difficult for MD simulation to resolve the issues of structure analysis in macroscopic level and the ionization equilibrium in PA membrane. Therefore,we propose to combine MD simulation with other experimental test and simulation methods for the PA membrane study.

Self-rewetting fluid is the non-azeotropic solutions satisfied to enjoy a particular surface tension behavior-an increase in the surface tension with increasing temperature. In the case of non-azeotropic compositions,preferential evaporation of more volatile component takes place. Preferential evaporation results in a composition gradient along the liquid/vapor interface,and the surface tension gradient due to the composition gradient induces Marangoni flow that is expected to enhance boiling heat transfer. Moreover,due to the particular surface tension behavior,the thermocapillary effect induces a liquid inflow to the bubble-heater contact area,which induce the liquid spontaneously move to the high temperature dry out region. In this paper,the researches on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the self-rewetting fluids in the recent decades were summarized,mainly including heat transfer mechanism of the single component fluids,multi component fluids and self-rewetting fluids,the preparation of self-rewetting fluid and flow and heat transfer characteristics of self-rewetting fluid. Furthermore,the applications of self-rewetting fluid in wickless structure,different angles of inclination,microgravity conditions and different types of heat pipes were introduced in detail.

In chemical engineering,energy,environment,food and medical industry,reliable solubility data for real mixture is very important for process design,which can not only enrich the database of phase equilibrium,but also be greatly helpful for the design of process device and the fine control of products quality. It introduces the model of the mutual solubility on hydrocarbon-water system,including state equation methods,activity coefficient methods,empirical correlations and COSMO-RS(conductor-like screening model for real solvents) model developed in recent years. The state equation methods and activity coefficient methods are usually employed to improve the accuracy of the mutual solubility on hydrocarbon-water system according to the asymmetric mixing rules and the adjustment of the parameters describing the polarity of water molecules. The empirical correlations are mainly used to fit the experimental data,where the parameters of the correlations are different with respect to particular hydrocarbon system. Furthermore,the COSMO-RS model calculates the single molecule embedded virtual conductor based on the density functional theory by which the simple empirical polarization charge density is established. It is efficient and accurate for describing the statistical thermodynamic interactions of interface,and thus the features of thermodynamic qualities can be grasped conveniently. The results indicate that the predicted data of COSMO-RS model agrees well with the experimental one,which show the universality of COSMO-RS model in various kinds of systems,and thus providing an easy method for complementing the unmeasurable experimental data of mutual solubility for hydrocarbon-water system. The future directions for prediction models of the mutual solubility on hydrocarbon-water system are proposed.

Measurement of the solid phase flow rate in the gas-solid two-phase flow is one of the difficulties in test realm. In order to realize visualization measurement of gas-solid two phase flow, the principle of electrical capacitance tomography was stated and a gas-solid two phase flow test-bed was developed. Polypropylene particles and air were selected as the solid phase and gas phase. Solid phase relied on their own gravity flow through experimental device. M3C capacitance tomography device of ITS company was used for the test and research on solid phase concentration, speed and mass flow rate in the gas-solid two phase flow. In the experiment,concentration measurement was based on the dielectric constant distribution of the pixels about image. Capacitive sensor with double layer structure was used to measure velocity. The relevant principles of the speed measurement was used to compute the correlation between upstream and downstream of sensor imaging pixel. Finally, the mass flow was calculated by the measured velocity and concentration distributions. The mass flow measurements were compared with the results of gravity sensor. The results showed good agreement with measurement error of less than 10%. The experimental results indicated that the capacitance tomography system can be used to measure the parameters of gas-solid two phase flow.

Aiming at the phenomenon of superheat instability in variable refrigerant flow(VRF)system,the experiment was designed by using variable flow water-cooled refrigeration unit. By observing the hunting phenomena at the same frequency of the important parameters of the relevant system,the hunting mechanism of the superheat of the unstable section was analyzed and the conclusion was drawn. The experimental results showed that with the liquid phase elongation in the evaporator,the evaporation point is continuously driven to the outlet of the evaporator in the case of a certain amount of evaporation capacity,and the system shows the initial hunting state. When the superheat enters the unstable region of the the minimum stable signal(MSS)line,the heat transfer mechanism on both sides of the evaporator alternates due to the change of refrigerant flow pattern,thus it has the instability. Under the same frequency,the influence of the valve opening on the mass flow rate is only about 53.3% of the transformer pressure ratio,but the maximum peak-valley difference between the two kinds of working conditions can reach about 3K in the unstable region. Under the condition of 1^#,the pressure ratio has a more direct impact on the energy consumption of the compressor,and the coefficient of performance(COP)can reduce under the premise of the increase of the refrigerating capacity.

Accounting for the phenomenon of mixed dead zone in mixing process of binary granular systems,column internals wee set in the horizontal drum to augment mixing. The contact number was taken as a particle mixing indicator. The discrete element method was employed to study mixing of the binary particles with the column internals. The mechanisms of augmenting mixing of the column internals were discussed in this paper. The results showed that the column internals can destroy the mixed dead zone of the aggregated particles. When the components are set in the drum,the mechanisms of convection and diffusion are enhanced,and the segregation of the binary particles is suppressed. Moreover,the column internals can improve the mixing efficiency and change the stability of mixing. It was noted that the mixing effect of binary particles improves with the increase of the number of cylinder components in the drum in a certain range,and excessive number of internals are unfavorable for mixing. The column internals inhibit mixing of particle system when the drum starts to rotate,and the internals achieve the purpose of augment mixing after a period of movement. The results can provide theoretical guidance for equipment improvement of particle material in the industry of the augmenting mixing.

The high gravity field and turbulent shear field can strengthen the classification of micron particles in micro hydrocyclone. In order to analyze the classification performance of micron particles with hydrocyclones,the effect of inlet velocity and underflow ratio on hydrocyclone classification were studied by combination of experiment and numerical simulation. The Reynolds stress model was used to simulate the flow field of micro hydrocyclone in numerical simulation,the micro hydrocyclone of 20mm in diameter was used to classify granular materials whose particle size distribution was 2-50μm in the experiments. The results showed that with the increase of inlet velocity,the cut size x₅₀ decreases,the x₅₀ is 4.8μm,and the classification precision H increases,the H is 0.45. With the increase of underflow ratio R_f,the tangential and radial velocity are not significantly changed. The settling velocity of particles has no obvious change in the hydrocyclone,but the axial velocity will decrease,which makes the residence time of particles increase in the hydrocyclone. The classification efficiency improves. When underflow ratio R_f is less than 0.6,with the increase of R_f,the cut size x₅₀ decreases. The x₅₀ is 4.7μm and the classification precision H increases,the H is 0.6. When underflow ratio R_f is greater than 0.6,the cut size x₅₀ increases,and the classification precision H decreases.

The thermal resistance of submerged combustion vaporizer(SCV)mainly locates inside the heat transfer tube. The study on the heat transfer characteristic of trans-critical liquefied natural gas (LNG)is of great significance to improve the whole heat transfer efficiency of SCV. Therefore,numerical model was developed to describe the flow and heat transfer process of trans-critical LNG in the tube. The heat transfer law of trans-critical LNG in the tube was analyzed. And the effects of inlet velocity,inlet pressure and heat flux on the heat transfer behaviors were obtained. A new non-dimensional correlation was proposed,which was suitable to predict the heat transfer characteristics of trans-critical LNG. Results showed that the local heat transfer coefficient firstly increases and then decreases,and the maximum value appears in the vicinity of the pseudo-critical temperature. The thermo-physical properties of trans-critical LNG play a vital role in heat transfer enhancement. The local heat transfer coefficient is enhanced with the increase of inlet velocity. The maximum local heat transfer coefficient depends on the inlet pressure within limits. As the heat flux increases,the maximum local heat transfer coefficient appears earlier. The mean absolute percent error of the proposed non-dimensional heat transfer correlation is 6.53%. 99.42% of the data fall within the error zone of ±25%. The study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and economical operation of SCV.

Based on the self-designed coaxial impinging stream reactor,the present study optimized the inner tube openings by applying CFD numerical simulation technology. Firstly,the velocity scale of raw material solution in the tube inside and outside the entrance were determined by a single-factor experiment,and then orthogonal test was designed based on perforated row number N,inner tube axial spacing L,the number of radial holes in n and hole diameter D these four test factors respectively. Each set of experiments was designed by numerical simulation,and with micro-holes at different distances from the entrance to the top Speed root-mean-square deviation of evaluation index,the optimization design of inner tube openings was obtained,in which reactor tube evenly along the axial opens 6 micro-holes,with each micro-hole spacing 12mm. Radial direction opens 5 micro-pores evenly,with the aperture of 0.5mm. Based on orthogonal test of optimization results,the model was redefined and circular micro-flow structure within the reaction zone was analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the bombarding beam had a higher velocity gradient and reaction fluid in annular micro-reaction zone not only collide with each other violently,but also they were fully mixed. Finally,this study achieved the optimal design of the inner tube opening.

In the process of oil and gas extraction and transportation,the hydrate which formed by high pressure and low temperature conditions,affected the normal operation of the pipeline,and might cause safety accidents. With the development of hydrate inhibition and anti-blocking technology,the formation of methane hydrate in the emulsion system has become the research focus. To grasp the formation rule of methane hydrate in oil-water emulsion system,and understand the factors that affect the formation of methane hydrate,and provide a paradigm shift to suppress the formation of hydrate in the high-pressure oil and submarine pipelines,this paper summaried the mechanism of methane hydrate formation in the emulsion system and the model of hydrate growth shell. The concept of the "memory effect" of water was introduced. The effects of emulsion water content,particle size,stirring rate,temperature and pressure conditions,oil phase,additives and many other factors on the formation of hydrate were analyzed. Finally,it is pointed out that the formation of hydrate is affected by various factors which are interrelated and can not be analyzed separately,and that the multiphase flow of oil-water emulsion also makes the problems much more complicated. At present,the influencing factors and principle of methane hydrate in emulsion system are not fully understood and further studies are needed.

Nature gas hydrate(NGH)is a kind of non-stoichiometry crystal chemical clathrate,which is formed by natural gas molecules and water molecules under low temperature and high pressure. As a kind of potential energy,it has a wide application prospect in industry. Under natural conditions the hydrate mainly exists in the pore of the permafrost zone and the sea bottom sediments. Simulating the formation of hydrates under natural conditions in experiments is of practical significance for the formation mechanism of hydrate,exploration,exploitation and industrial applications. Thus,many scholars have carried out many experiments on the formation of hydrate in porous media. This paper summarizes the research achievements of predecessors,including the effect of pore size,surface properties and the synergistic reaction of additives(salts and surfactants)on hydrate formation rate and phase equilibrium in the porous environment,and the formative position of gas hydrate under different conditions and several thermodynamic models in porous medium. Finally,it is pointed out that the effects of medium surface characteristics,different types of porous medium and salt mixed system on hydrate formation and the effect of the different reaction conditions on the hydrate formative position should be deeply explored and clarified. In addition,the formation of hydrate at different crack width and wall roughness in the fracture environment is worthy of further study.

Pyrolysis of Huadian oil shale was carried out at different heating rates by thermo gravimetric-infrared-mass spectrometry(TG-FTIR-MS)and the kinetic parameters of the volatile gases were calculated. Based on the analysis of the precipitation characteristics of volatile gases,the infrared 3D spectrogram of volatile and the precipitation rates of six gases with temperature were obtained,including of CH₄,CO₂,CO,H₂O,C_nH_m and H₂. Mathane was the main gaseous hydrocarbon product and its precipitation process was analyzed by the method of peak fitting at the heating rate of 20℃/min. The results showed that the production rate curve of methane was divided into four peaks at 300-600℃,which represented four reaction types. Combined with kinetic analysis,the structural characteristics of Huadian oil shale and the evolution of other gases,the evolution mechanism of methane for each type was obtained.

Lignite char and NaNO₃ were added to microwave upgrading experiments of Zhaotong lignite. The weight ratio of lignite char to lignite,the weight content of NaNO₃ and microwave power were investigated. The most fitted drying model to describe the lignite char and NaNO₃ on the lignite microwave upgrading were discussed by fitting the several common thin layer drying models with the experimental data. The modified Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the apparent activation energy during the lignite drying process. It was found that the drying equilibrium time decreased and the moisture diffusion coefficient of lignite increased with increasing the weight ratio of lignite char to lignite,NaNO₃ weight content and microwave power. The Page model best described the characteristics of the lignite char on the lignite microwave upgrading,while the Henderson and Pabis model was the most suitable one with addition of NaNO₃. The apparent activation energy of different microwave power with 0.25:5 of the weight ratio of lignite char to lignite and 5.0% of weight content of NaNO₃ from the modified Arrhenius equation were 579.44W/g and 286.87W/g,respectively.

Light olefins,such as ethylene and butadiene,are important basic chemical raw materials. To investigate the effect of temperatures and HZSM-5 molecular sieve with different Si/Al ratios on the production of light olefin,pyrolysis experiment was conducted on a PY-GC-MS. The experiment results showed that the biocrude was an ideal raw material to produce light olefin through cracking. HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst had a good catalytic effect on the biocrude cracking; 48% of the maximum total olefin yield could be obtained at 850℃ in the thermal cracking experiment,and the maximum total olefin yield through catalytic cracking was 74% obtained at 600℃. Different Si/Al ratio of the molecular sieve had a significant impact on the pyrolysis products. High Si/Al ratio of the molecular sieve is beneficial to produce ethylene and propylene at low temperatures,while low Si/Al ratio of the molecular sieve could help to produce ethylene and propylene at high temperatures. Besides,high Si/Al ratio of the molecular sieve could help to produce butane at low temperatures,and butadiene at high temperature. The biocrude cracking product distribution could be controlled by changing Si/Al ratio of HZSM-5 molecular sieve.

Lignin,as the second most available cellulose in botanic field,it is of great economic and environmental significance to convert it into targeted platform compounds. To understand the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin,the 1-methoxy-2-(2-phenylpropoxy) benzene was selected as a lignin dimer model compound of β-O-4-linkage. The pyrolysis of this dimer was investigated using density functional theory B3LYP methods at 6-31G(d,p)level. Eight possible pyrolysis pathways (mainly the homolytic cleavage of C-O bond) were proposed according to bond dissociation energies of lignin dimer model,then the activation energies for each reaction pathway were calculated. The calculation results showed that the bond dissociation energy of C_β-O was the lowest,and that of O-CH₃ the second lowest. The order of all kinds of bond dissociation energy is C_β-O < O-CH₃ < C_α-C_β < C_α-C_γ < C_aromatic-O < C_α-C_aromatic < C_aromatic-OCH₃. It could be deduced that the dimer was mainly decomposed through the cleavage of the C_β-O linkage. And major pyrolytic products of phenol and alkene compounds were formed in this process.Thus,the optimum pathway1 can be determined based on its thermodynamic parameters and lowest energy barrier of 44.73kJ/mol.

Carbon deposition is easily generated on conventional ZSM-5 zeolite during the catalytic reactions due to its single microporous structure and long diffusion length. The carbon deposition can block the pore or cover the acid sites,resulting in deactivation of the zeolites and decrease of the reaction efficiency. This review has analyzed the formation mechanism of carbon deposition,the influence factors on carbon generation and the deactivation mechanism of ZSM-5 zeolites. Then,common methods against carbon deposition of ZSM-5 zeolite are summarized from the aspects of synthesis of hierarchical zeolite,hollow zeolite and complex zeolite,acid treatment of zeolite,synthesis of nano ZSM-5 zeolite and nanosheet MFI zeolites. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also compared and analyzed. Synthesis of nano ZSM-5 zeolite and nanosheet MFI zeolites are chosen particularly to discuss the effect on their anti-carbon deposition. Finally,some promising research directions on reducing the carbon deposition are prospected. Developing effective and cheap methods to prepare nano ZSM-5 zeolite or nanosheet MFI zeolites to decrease the amount of carbon deposition is still highly demanded. Besides,modification of these zeolites could decrease the amount of carbon deposition further.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a large group of pollutants emitted from a great variety of sources. They are regarded as major contributors to air pollution and serious threats to human health due to their hazardous and toxic nature. Among numerous VOCs removal methods, catalytic combustion is considered as one of the most efficient methods. Presently, the catalytic combustion of VOCs over Au/CeO₂-based materials becomes a hot topic owing to the excellent catalytic performance of nano-Au and the unique low-temperature redox property of CeO₂. Therefore,a series of Au/CeO₂-based materials for the removal of different kinds of VOCs are summarized in this review. The application strategies and properties of these catalysts are outlined mainly from three aspects:structure modification of CeO₂,carrier doping and Au decoration. Furthermore, different factors that affect the catalytic performance are discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of catalytic combustion of VOCs over Au/CeO₂-based materials are featured based on the structural properties of nano-Au. This brief summary provides reference for improving the properties of Au/CeO₂-based catalysts, broadening their application scopes,and developing highly efficient and stable catalysts.

In this work, Raney Ni catalyst was prepared by treating the NiAl alloy powder with alkaline solution. The obtained catalyst was then used for the catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄)solution toward hydrogen generation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen absorption/desorption method were carried out to characterize the microstructure of the catalyst. Effects of the reaction solution composition, reaction temperature, catalyst amount and reusing operation on the hydrogen generation rate(HGR)were investigated. The results showed that when the concentration of NaBH₄ and NaOH was 15% and 10%, respectively, HGR was as high as 1085mL/(min·g) at 25℃ and the apparent activation energy was measured to be 38.6kJ/mol. A good linear relationship was established between the hydrogen volume per minute and the catalyst amount. The HGR was decreased by 78% after recycled for four times, which could be attributed to the accumulation of boron compounds and the oxidation of nickel.

Highly dispersed nickel nanoparticles supported on Al₂O₃ catalysts were successfully prepared by azeotropic distillation assisted fabrication. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD,TEM,N₂ sorption and BJH pore size analyses. Liquid phase selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde was selected as model reactions to study the catalytic behavior of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts. In comparison with the catalysts prepared by impregnation,the catalysts prepared by azeotropic distillation assisted fabrication exhibited high activity in the hydrogenation reaction of cinnamaldehyde because of its smaller particle size and high dispersion. Yield of hydrocinnamic aldehyde was up to 77.24% at 150℃ under 2 MPa(loading of nickel was 15%). In addition,Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts maintained high activity for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamic aldehyde after five consecutive runs and its XRD and TEM were the same as before,which revealed that as-prepared Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts had a remarkable recycling stability.

The stimuli-responsive nanofibers have recently attracted much attention due to their potential biomedical applications,such as for drug controlled release and biological scaffolds. In this paper,the preparation methods and biomedical applications of electrospun thermo-responsive nanofibers were studied; thermo-responsive polymers commonly used in the field of electrospinning were classified in detail; the representative poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) were selected; the chemical modification and physical blending of thermo-responsive nanofibers based on electrospinning were reviewed,and then the above two methods were compared. The applications of thermo-responsive nanofibers in drug controlled release,wound dressing,biological trigger and cell scaffold,were discussed. The problems of the thermo-responsive nanofibers in development process were presented,and the solutions to further improve its performances were proposed; and its applications in intelligent catalysis,temperature-controlled filter were prospected.

With the increasing requirements of performance of composite oxides,developing high-performance ternary composite oxides has attracted attentions of researchers in many fields.The synthesis and application of these new materials is of great significance.This paper introduces three commonly used preparation methods of the ternary composite oxides:solid phase method,sol-gel method,coprecipitation method as well as the effect of reaction temperature,mole ratio and pH on their performance.The research progress of ternary composite oxides in the field of catalysis,environmental protection and new energy in recent years are reviewed,and the development prospect are also discussed.Analysis shows that each element in the ternary composite oxide system has different contributions to the materials giving rise to maximize composite materials properties,and higher activity and stability than those of binary complex oxides.Finally,we figure out the research focus of ternary composite oxides is to explore synthetic methods for special performance,which lays a good foundation for the future industrial application.

Granular activated carbon(GAC) stabilized Pd/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by using ultrasound-assisted liquid phase reductive method. The influence factors and degradation kinetics of 2-chlorobiphenyl(2-CB) catalytic reductive dechlorination by GAC stabilized Pd/Fe nanoparticles were explored. The experimental results showed that the diameters and specific surface areas of most particles prepared under 40kHz and 150W ultrasound were obviously modified. The diameters of most particles were less than 100nm and the specific surface areas were increased by 21.73%. Up to 95% of 2-CB was removed in 300min with mass fraction of Pd in GAC stabilized Pd/Fe nanoparticles of 0.3%,initial 2-CB concentration of 5mg/L,GAC dosage of 0.15g/L, Pd/Fe nanoparticles of 5.0g/L, initial pH=3.0,and reaction temperature of 25℃. The degradation of 2-CB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics reaction and the apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics constant was 3.88×10^-2min^-1.

The nano CeO₂ sol was synthesized by sol-gel method,and then a series of nano CeO₂/waterborne polyurethane composites(CMWPU)were prepared by blending the nano CeO₂ sol with waterborne polyurethane(MWPU). The structure and properties of CMWPU composites were characterized by DLS,UV-Vis,SEM,XRD,TGA and so on. The effects of the content of nano CeO₂ sol on the properties of CMWPU composite emulsion and its film were also discussed. The results showed that CMWPU composites were successfully prepared by adding nano CeO₂ sol,and the nano CeO₂ sol was dispersed evenly in the CMWPU composite. When the content of nano CeO₂ sol was 7.0%,the UV absorption effect of composite emulsions was the best and the absorbance value reached 0.63. Compared with MWPU,the thermal stability of CMWPU film has been improved. The temperature corresponding to maximum thermal decomposition rate increased by about 63.4℃,and the tensile strength of the composite film was up to 52.63MPa.

The pressure sensitive adhesive was prepared by polymerization of a variety of acrylate monomers with the excitation decomposition of photoinitiator under UV LED light. The relationship between the light intensity and distance as well as the polymerization rate of different monomers were investigated. The best ratio of soft to hard monomer and the best reaction time of the prepolymer were determined. The thermal stability of the pressure sensitive adhesives before and after crosslinking was characterized. The pressure sensitive adhesive prepared by UV bulk polymerization was compared with that by bulk polymerization. The results showed that the pressure sensitive adhesive had the best comprehensive performance when AA was used as the hard monomer,the ratio of soft to hard monomer was 90:10,and the reaction time was 20s for 30g monomers. The pressure sensitive adhesive prepared by UV bulk polymerization is superior to that by heating bulk polymerization in both the performance and the production.

Wood powder/high density polyethylene(HDPE)composites were fabricated by twin screw extruder,and the effects of seven processing agents on the processing and mechanical properties of the wood powder/high density polyethylene were analyzed. Results showed that the dispersity of wood powder is dependent on the type of processing agent. The addition of octadecanoic acid(HSt)could improve the dispersity significantly. However,ethylene bis stearamide(EBS),zinc stearate(ZnSt)and calcium stearate(CaSt)are not helpful for improving the dispersity of wood powder. Meanwhile,adding of plasticizer could reduce energy consumption during the processing of the composites. The flexural and tensile strength of the wood powder/HDPE composites with PE-g-MAH was 31.6% and 87.2%,respectively,higher than those of HDPE without wood powder. In contrast,adding EBS、ZnSt、CaSt、HSt and low molecular PE in wood powder/HDPE could reduce the mechanical property of the composites.The results are useful for the optimization of the processing technology and formula of wood plastic composites.

A facile solvothermal approach has been developed to fabricate graphene-based MoS₂ composite,which used PVP decorated graphene as the carrier and sodium molybdate and thiourea as the starting materials. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS)respectively. Electrochemical performances of the material were also evaluated. The result demonstrated that the usage of graphene as substrate can prevent the aggregation of MoS₂ sheets and thus lead to adequate contact between the active material and the electrolyte. MoS₂/graphene composite manifests superior reversible specific capacity(about 800mA·h/g,50 cycles)and excellent rate capability as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries.

Polysulfone supporting layers incorporated with graphite(GI),graphene(GE),and graphene oxide(GO)were respectively prepared by phase inversion method. Then the polyamide active layers were prepared via interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride on the supporting layers. The morphologies of top surface and cross section of the membranes were characterized by SEM. The porosity,hydrophilicity and performance of FO membranes with different incorporated additives were investigated. The results showed that the structures of the cross section of the supporting layers incorporated with GE or GO were looser,resulting in increased porosity and pure water permeability(PWP)constant. Thus the properties of corresponding FO membranes were improved. However,the incorporating of GI resulted in the prepared membrane with rough surface,dense cross section,lower PWP constant,and worse performance. The FO membrane prepared on the supporting layer incorporated with GO exhibited the best performance. The water flux reached 37.10L/(m²·h) under the AL-DS membrane orientation,increased by 38.7% compared with FO membrane prepared on pure polysulfone substrate.

Carbon nanotube(MWCNTs) was used to replace super conductive black(SP)as the conductive additive for Ternary materials(NCM),which was then used to assemble coin cells in a glove box filled with argon gas. The structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The electrochemical performance was tested by a cell tester(CT-3008W-5V5mA-S4). Results showed that the discharge capacity of NCM with a loading of 5% MWCNTs reached 179mA·h/g and 167mA·h/g at 0.1C for the first run and after 30th cycles,respectively. This showed increases of discharge capacity by 9.9% and 8.4% compared that with 5% addition of SP. The performance of the electrodes was further improved through enhancing their density at a pressure of 20MPa,giving rise to the discharge capacities of the first run and after 30th cycles reached 204mA·h/g and 187mA·h/respectively.

Activated graphene nanoplates(a-GNPs)were prepared by using the hydrothermal method with the activating agent of ZnCl₂,and the influences of different process parameters on the pore structure of a-GNPs were also investigated. Si nanoparticles coated with the conductive polyaniline(PANI) were mixed with suitable amounts of a-GNPs. After the subsequent pyrolysis,the Si/p-PANI/a-GNPs composites were obtained,which could be used as the negative electrode material of Li-ion batteries. The pore structure of a-GNPs was characterized by TEM,the variation of covalent bonds of PANI before and after pyrolysis was analyzed by FTIR,and the structure and morphology of the Si/p-PANI/a-GNPs electrode were observed by SEM. The electrochemical performance of as-prepared Si/C composite electrode was tested by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectrum and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The results indicated that the lithium storage capacity and stability of Si/p-PANI/a-GNPs electrode were significantly improved compared with that of pure Si and Si/p-PANI electrodes. The reversible specific capacity of the Si/p-PANI/a-GNPs electrode prepared at optimized conditions reached 1093.4mA·h/g after 50 charge/discharge cycles,which increased by 415.3% and 112% compared to that of Si electrode and Si/p-PANI electrode,respectively. This was primarily due to the contribution of a-GNPs to the improvements in electrolyte transmission and conductivity.

With isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI)or 2,4-toluene diisocyanate(TDI)as isocyanate,and butyl stearate as core material,two kinds of polyurea microencapsulated phase change materials were prepared by interfacial polymerization method. Their surface morphology,chemical structure and thermal stability were characterized,and the yellowing properties of microcapsules was analyzed by high temperature drying. Then the two kinds of microcapsules were tested on cotton fabric,and the whiteness of the fabrics obtained at different baking temperatures was tested. the results showed that the prepared microcapsules were sphere with intact and smooth surface. Furthermore,there was no adhesion among IPDI particles,while the surface of TDI microcapsules had certain adhesion phenomenon. TG results showed that the compactness and heat stability of IPDI microcapsules were better than that of TDI microcapsules,and IPDI microcapsules can resist high temperature more than 200℃. The types of isocyanate had a big effect on the yellowing properties of the prepared microcapsules,and the yellowing resistance of microcapsules prepared from IPDI isocyanate was significantly better than those from TDI isocyanate. Especially,the IPDI microcapsules can show better low-yellowing properties,when treated on the fabric.

Preparation and evaluation of 30^# hard road asphalts by vacuum distillation,solvent deasphalting,combination of solvent deasphalting and blending process for Iran residue were investigated. The results showed that,30^# hard road asphalt was prepared and met technical requirements of GB/T 15180-2010 by raising the distillation depth,and the yield of light distillate increased by 8.1%. 30^# hard asphalt could be prepared by solvent deasphalting process,while the DAO yield was so low,about 6.6%~16.0%,that resulted in poor economic benefits. The combination of solvent deasphalting and blending process was used to produce 30^# hard asphalt with good performance at high and low temperature,and the suitable operating conditions were as follow:butane of solvent,extraction tower temperature of 107℃,extraction pressure of 3.8 MPa,solvent-oil ratio of 2.9(mass ratio),DAO yield was 41.2%. The carbon residue content and metal content of DAO were less than 8% and 30μg/g,respectively,and met the requirements of FCC feedstock. The softening point and penetration of hard DOA were 105.4℃ and 0,respectively,and the Chunfeng residue and 90^# asphalt were appropriate as soft components of blending process. The results of mix performance tests indicated that, compared with 70^# asphalt,30^# hard asphalt mixture had very good anti-high temperature deformation ability,good water stability,and had the same effect of modified asphalt. Its applications on surface of the middle and lower layer road would improve the pavement anti-rutting ability.

Inherent shortcomings of the traditional grapheme anticorrosive coatings include inhomogeneous packing components,low anticorrosion performance,and unstable paintcoat. To improve the anticorrosion performance and dispersibility of the graphene anticorrosive coating,an innovative grapheme(rGO)/polypyrrole(PPy)/waterborne epoxy resin(EP)was prepared using rGO/PPy and EP as fillers and film forming material,respectively. The modified in situ polymerization method was applied to prepare rGO/PPy complex. The structure of the coating composition was characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),fourier infrared spectrum(FTIR),raman spectra (Raman),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),respectively. The anticorrosive performance of rGO/PPy/EP coating on Q235 carbon steel was determined by Tafel polarization curves(Tafel),impedance spectra(EIS)and corrosion morphology. The results showed that the rGO/PPy coating prepared by modified in situ polymerization method had excellent dispersibility and compact structure. The corrosion potential E_corr,the corrosion current density I_corr and the protection of bare steel P_i of the 1% rGO/PPy/EP coating were -613mV,46.42μA/cm² and 91.02%,respectively. Compared with rGO/EP anti-corrosive coating,the corrosion current density of rGO/PPy/EP coating was decreased by 38.62μA/cm². Furthermore,the rGO/PPy/EP coating possessed excellent barrier properties to O₂ and H₂O. In conclusion,the rGO/PPy/EP anticorrosive coating prepared by in situ polymerization method was promising as it was environment-friendly,excellent in dispersibility,stable in structure and outstanding in anticorrosion.

A series of phenolic foams were prepared by nanoSiO₂ rooting in sol-gel process and calcium lignosulfonate after oxidative degradation. The properties of foam materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer,electronic universal testing machine,and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that the improvements of thermal stability and toughness of modified foam varied,among which LPF-0.5,with 0.5% mass fraction of nanoSiO₂-lignin phenolic foam,had the optimum performance. TG analysis results indicated the maximum rate of degradation of LPF-0.5 was 330℃ and the char content was 53.7%,which was 185℃ and 9% higher than that of pure foam (PPF)at 145℃ and 49.3%,respectively. Mechanical properties test showed the compression strength,bending strength and bending modulus of foam LPF-0.5 were 0.33MPa,0.53MPa and 16.01MPa,respectively,while those of PPF were 0.27MPa,0.31MPa and 10.54MPa,which was increased by 23%,71% and 52%,respectively. Compared to the pure foam,the pulverization rate of LPF-0.5 decreased by 34%. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the foam LPF-0.5 had the best bubble regularity and bubble uniformity.

Biomass is the unique carbon-containing renewable material on the globe. It has long been considered as the most promising alternative for the fossil fuel in the production of versatile biochemical,such as 5-hydromethylfurfuran and levulinic acid. It should be noted that the isomerization of glucose to fructose is the most crucial process in above mentioned bio-refining. Furthermore,the isomerization of glucose is very important in the food science as well. Therefore,it has been widely investigated. In this paper,an overview on the recent achievement and progress on the chemocatalytic isomerization of glucose to fructose was presented. Both conventional acid-base catalysts(such as Brönsted base,solid base,metal salt and molecular sieve) and novel catalyst materials(for example,metal organic frameworks and ionic liquids) were intensively summarized. The acid and alkali catalytic mechanism for glucose isomerization were briefly introduced,and the current research methods were summarized as well. The key technical barriers on current glucose isomerization processes were discussed,such as poor catalyst stability,low process efficiency and low fructose selectivity. In additional,the probable strategies,for example,the design of water-resistant catalysts and the construction of coupling process for glucose catalytic isomerization and the in situ fructose separation,were propsed. The development of efficient and novel catalysts and catalytic systems,green chemical process for the promoted glucose isomerization performance,and the application of modern analysis methods(such as in situ technique,2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulation)on the catalytic mechanism investigation will be drawn more attentions in the future research on efficient glucose isomerization.

Pickering emulsion is widely used in food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields due to its low cost,good stability and low toxicity. Preparation of drug carriers by Pickering emulsion offers great potential in the pharmaceutical industry since the preparation method is simple to operate,improved the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs,and sustained release property. Recent applications of Pickering emulsion in the field of drug carrier are outlined in this review. Firstly,drug delivery systems and properties of Pickering emulsion are briefly introduced. Then drug-carrying microspheres based on Pickering emulsion and stabilized by different solid particles are discussed in detail. In addition,the applications of Pickering emulsion in the preparation of drug-carrying gels,drug-carrying porous scaffolds and drug-carrying emulsions are also discussed. Finally,research directions of drug carriers via the Pickering emulsion are suggested. With the further studies of Pickering emulsion,the stability and biocompatibility of drug carriers can be improved.

A series of metabolic engineering modifications are needed for high efficient microbial production of bioproducts. After about 20 years' of extensive studies, the traditional metabolic engineering methods depending on intuitive analysis of local pathways are facing big challenges in discovery of new engineering strategies and new methods from different aspects are required. In this paper, the recent research progresses, on using computational analysis of large scale metabolic networks for the design of new pathways to new products or improved production yield, was reviewed; and how a microbial strain could be modified to enable and strengthen the new pathways for efficient production of biochemicals. The methods of reconstructing metabolic network model and commonly used methods for metabolic network prediction for discovering new strategies were elaborated. Metabolic pathways designed by metabolic networks were categorized into two groups, namely guiding the strain to produce a certain product from scratch or from low to high yield. In this paper, examples of combining these two types of strategies were presented. The various problems encountered in the computational design of new metabolic pathways were discussued, and feasible solutions to address those problems were proposed to enable reliable pathway design.

To promote the industrialization of resveratrol application,the dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12)was selected as collector to recover resveratrol from Giant knotweed leaching solution by foam separation. This paper studied the effects of ellipsoid type foam separation tower,pH,dodecyl dimethyl betaine concentration and volumetric air flow rate on resveratrol separation efficiency. The results showed that the suitable operation conditions were leaching solution pH 3,the odecyl dimethyl betaine concentration 1.50g/L,and volumetric air flow rate 20mL/min. Under those operation conditions,the enrichment ratio and the recovery percentage of resveratrol were 8.43 and 81.73%,respectively. Then,the concentration of resveratrol in the foamate was 0.085 g/L. Furthermore,the biological activity of resveratrol could be kept during the process of foam separation. The present studies developed a green technology for effectively separating resveratrol from Giant knotweed leaching solution and then promoting the development and utilization of resveratrol.

Cationic clean fracturing fluid is water-based fracturing fluid with cationic viscoelastic surfactant,which is featured with simple preparation. And it only needs surfactants and stabilizers without adding the crosslinking agents. And it is also characterized by flowing back quickly and completely,low damage,good performances of sand-carrying, and well control of filter loss etc.. Due to the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the research and development of environment friendly and effective clean fracturing fluid has drawn a lot of attentions. However,with the increase of the drilling depth at home and abroad,the performance requirements of the cationic clean fracturing fluid has become higher, especially its high temperature resistance. Therefore, the improvement of its temperature resistance is the focus of the study. The status and application of the cationic clean fracturing fluid at home and abroad were summaried. It was pointed out that increasing temperature and shearing resistance is the main development trend of cationic clean fracturing fluid. Some suggestions are put forward for the future development to provide references for the related researches.

Titanium dioxide(TiO₂)is an important white pigment,which is widely used in paint,plastic,paper and rubber industries. However,TiO₂ is able to catalyze the degradation of organic matrix under UV light,which causes unfavorable results in properties,such as discoloration,cracking,and chalking. This photo-catalytic behavior seriously limits the utilization of titanium dioxide in organic coatings. Hence,the surface coating and photo-activtiy evaluation of TiO₂ is necessary and important. In this paper,surface treatment of inorganic or organic on TiO₂ was reviewed. In detail,the evaluation methods of photo-activity of titanium dioxide pigment were also introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were summarized. The realization of the controllable,efficient and targeted coating on TiO₂ surface,and the development of the reliable,applicable and rapid method to assess the photo-activity of TiO₂ pigment will be main research directions in this field.

Chlorpyrifos/ethyl cellulose microcapsules were prepared by mulsification-solvent evaporation method with the ethyl cellulose as wall material and the chlorpyrifos as model drug. The structures and morphologies of microcapsules,form of chlorpyrifos were characterized by FTIR,SEM and DSC. The effect of core material ratio,PVA concentration,PVA to SDS mass ratio and stirring speed on loading content(LC) and encapsulation efficiency(EE)were studied using single factor method. Besides,the effects of core material ratio and PVA concentration on sustained release of chlorpyrifos were also discussed. The results showed that chlorpyrifos/ethyl cellulose microcapsules had a more condensed spherical structure,and the crystalline chlorpyrifos was distributed in microcapsules. When the core material ratio was 2:3,PVA concentration was 1.5%,the mass ratio of PVA:SDS was 3:2 and stirring speed was 1500 r/min,the LC and EE were better,which were 44.41% and 82.42%,respectively. Meanwhile,the microcapsules had good sustained release properties,and their releasing curves could be described by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation indicating that the drug release was controlled by Fick diffusion.

A new strategy based on interfacial-reaction-induced droplet-division for facile and controllable preparation of water-in-oil(W/O)nano-emulsions for encapsulation of actives was proposed. Aqueous solution containing the sodium hydroxide,and the mixture of the benzyl benzoate and the oleic acid,were respectively used as the dispersed phase and the continuous phase. The sodium hydroxide and the oleic acid could react at the W/O interface and produce the sodium oleate with more stable interface,which reduced the interfacial tension and made the droplet interface unstable,thus leading to the droplet division. As a result,W/O nano-emulsions were generated. An interfacial tensiometer was used to determine the interfacial tension decrease during the reaction process,and a high-speed camera was used to record the droplet-division process. The effects of NaOH content and viscosity of the droplet as well as the OA content of the continuous phase on the sizes of nano-emulsion droplets were systematically studied. Effective encapsulation of actives in the W/O nano-emulsions was achieved by simply adding the actives into the dispersed phase.

The main problems with current synthetic process of diphenylethene phenol polyoxyethylene ether were high temperatures and deep colors. To solve this problem,a new process was proposed that phenethylene reacted with phenol at the present of catalyst H and formed diphenylethene phenol,and diphenylethene phenol reacted with ethylene oxide at the present of boron trifluoride ether complex and formed diphenylethene phenol polyoxyethylene ether. The effects of catalyst,reaction temperature,reaction time,and other factors on the performance of diphenylethene phenol polyoxyethylene ether were discussed. The optimal process conditions of diphenylethene phenol were that the mole ratio n(phenethylene):n(phenol)=2.05:1,reaction temperature 100℃,reaction time 4.5h,dosage of catalyst H 1.75% based on mass of phenol. And the optimal process conditions of diphenylethene phenol polyoxyethylene ether were that reaction temperature 110-115℃,reaction pressure 0.035MPa,dosage of boron trifluoride ether complex 0.020% based on mass of material. Ultimately,the polyether had the characteristics of low color,narrow distribution of molecular weight,and the content of diphenylethene phenol polyoxyethylene ether(10) was over 50%.

Ammonia carbon capture technology has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency in removing CO₂,which has great potentials in several applications,particularly in stationary power generation systems. However,ammonia escape is one of the main obstacles. This paper presented a review on the development of mechanism and applications of reducing ammonia escaping technology in the recent years. Firstly,the mass transfer phenomenon of ammonia escaping in absorption and desorption process was described,and the factors influencing the ammonia escaping were analyzed and discussed. Then,the typical technologies of ammonia escaping control were outlined and highlighted,including water(acid)washing,additive,parameter optimization,in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally,the outlook of ammonia escape suppression technology was presented. The combination of different options is believed as a significant development trend. At the same time,low cost and energy consumption,as well as high efficiency will be focused in the future research.

For complex wastewater treatment systems,uncertainty is their basic attribute.Due to not fully consider the actual system uncertainty,the reliability and decision accuracy of Activated sludge model(ASM_s)in the application process was decreased.The complete model application should include the uncertainty analysis of the model.At present,the uncertainty analysis based on ASM_s is still in its infancy.Based on the limited literature data,the research status on the identification and classification of uncertainty sources in wastewater treatment system and the quantification of model uncertainty index were analyzed. the application of uncertainty analysis in optimization design,upgrading and control strategy evaluation of wastewater treatment plant were introduced.It was pointed out that there is still no standard classification and identification of uncertainty sources. The quantification of uncertainty index needs further study and analysis.The uncertainty analysis of wastewater treatment system will be the focus of future research and application development of ASM_s.Uncertainty analysis can help researchers better understand and grasp the uncertainty range of the prediction results,which can perform risk assessment and improve decision support process effectively.

Membrane adsorption as a novel technology of removing heavy metal ions has been widely reported. However,the reported affinity membranes were mostly removing heavy metal ions by static adsorption. There are two deficiencies of static adsorption. The adsorption period is very long and the functional materials on the membranes are easily dissolved and detached in aqueous solution. Herein,a typical PEI-grafted porous membranes were prepared by poly-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)(PDOPA) deposition followed by polyethyleneimine(PEI)grafting and then cross-linking on polycaprolactam(PA-6) substrates. The PEI-grafted porous membranes with high specific surface area,high permeability and high chemical stability behaved excellently with trace Co²⁺ dynamic adsorption from wastewater. In details,the modified membranes successfully removed Co²⁺ under high water flux[850L/(m²·h),ΔP=0.02MPa],and wide pH range(pH ≥ 6). Besides,the modified membranes possess remarkable anti-ion interference and renewability with the renewable degree about 95% even after ten cycles. Thus,the PEI-grafted membranes are very promising for dynamically removing trace HMIs from wastewater.

In order to explore the principle of CO₂ capturing by Mg(OH)₂ slurry in bubble column,experiments and theoretical simulation were selected to analyze the component concentration dynamic variation in Mg(OH)₂-CO₂-H₂O system.The research revealed that there are three stages on the basis of the reaction products in absorption process, namely, CO₂ reacting with dissolved Mg(OH)₂ in the slurry to generate Mg(HCO₃)₂ in the first stage, Mg(OH)₂ particles continueously dissolving and being carbonized into MgCO₃ in the second stage,CO₂ being captured by MgCO₃ in the third stage. With CO₂ concentration enrichment,the second stage disappeares in high CO₂ concentration(volume fraction is 20%-30%)absorption process. When CO₂ partial pressure is constant,reaction time of the first stage almost has noting to do with Mg(OH)₂ concentrtion,reaction time of the second and third stage and MgCO₃ solid content at quilibrium are proportional to Mg(OH)₂ concentrtion. Reaction time of the first stage varies inversely to temperature(20-50℃). Reaction time of the second and third stage are shortened with temperature increasing at low temperature zone(20-35℃),while it is exactly the opposite at high temperature zone(35-50℃). The shortest time it took to reach the quilibrium state occurs around 35℃.

Aiming at the problem that heavy-metal polluting environment,especially lead content higher than 1% could not make zinc smelting slag become harmless slag,chloride-leaching slag(zinc slag was roastd and acid leached to get acid-leaching residue,and acid-leach residue was chloride-leached to get chloride-leaching slag)was analyzed by MLA,and PbBa(SO₄)₂ was the main phase of Pb in the chloride-leaching slag. And PbBa(SO₄)₂ could be decomposed by HCl or saturated NaCl containing HCl system,which could make the lead content in the slag lower to 1%. On the above basis,one step leaching effects of different leaching systems on lead in the acid-leaching residue were studied to get the optimum leaching system and conditions and to make the lead content in the slag lower to 1%. The results were as follows:the leach effect of "saturated NaCl + supplementing HCl and NaCl" system was obviously better than that of "saturated NaCl containing HCl + supplementing NaCl" system and "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" system. Because of high cost of HCl,the "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" system was selected as the leaching reagent and leaching method whose leaching effect met the requirements of lead content lower than 1% in the tailings. The suitable leaching conditions of "saturated NaCl + supplementing NaCl" was as follows:50g acid-leach residue,250mL saturated NaCl,above 60℃,added 15g NaCl after 2h leaching time,continuing to react 3h,the results was that the leaching rate of lead was above 91% and lead content in the tailings was 0.85% ≤ Pb < 1%.

Sorption of U(Ⅵ) on inorganic modified Red Earth(IMRE) as a function of pH,ionic strength,humic acid,contact time and temperature was investigated under ambient conditions with spectrometer. The adsorption process was analyzed by thermodynamics and kinetics,and the natural Red Earth(NRE) and inorganic modified Red Earth(IMRE)sample was characterized by SEM,XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the IMRE has stronger adsorption capacity than NRE,and the adsorption of U(Ⅵ) on IMRE could be interpreted kinetically by a pseudo-second-order model. The pH and ionic strength of the solution has a great effect on the adsorption of uranium,the adsorption rate increases with the increase of pH at pH<8. With the increase of pH,the adsorption rate decreases gradually. It was found that the high ionic strength is not conducive to the adsorption of uranium. The presence of HA enhances the adsorption at lower pH,while reduces the adsorption at higher pH range. The adsorption of U(Ⅵ) onto IMRE could be described by Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation. The corresponding thermodynamic functions show that the adsorption of U(Ⅵ) on IMRE is spontaneous and endothermic.

Monoethanolamine(MEA),diethanolamine(DEA)and N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA) were used to investigate their infiltration to polypropylene(PP)hollow fiber membranes by contact angle test and soaking test. Mass transfer resistance and the CO₂ removal rate were determined by the absorption test at different membrane wetting levels. The results showed that,the infiltration of the membrane increased with the increase of absorbents concentration,the infiltration increased further after the absorption of CO₂,After the concentration of 30% tends to be stable,at this time,the ranking of the infiltration degree:MDEA > DEA > MEA. In the three stages of the wetting film with MEA、DEA and MDEA,the wetting rate of the accelerated wetting stage was 44 times,25 times and 20 times higher than that of the initial wetting stage,respectively. Membrane mass transfer resistance increased by 6 times,11 times and 13times,respectively,and become control resistance of the system,the removal rate also declined thereafter,with declines of 24.2%,29.9% and 37.2%,respectively. The infiltration of amine absorbents has a significant effect on CO₂ removal performance with membrane gas absorption method.

In order to provide data support for the development and design of co-pyrolysis technology of oily sludge(OS)and waste tires(WT),pyrolysis kinetics and evolved gas characteristics during co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with waste tires at various blend ratios were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(TG-FTIR). It was found that with the WT blend ratio increases,the initial pyrolysis temperature increased(from 311.80℃ to 335.30℃),but the pyrolysis characteristic index increased(from 5.41×10^-11 to 1.53×10^-10)and the terminated pyrolysis temperature decreases,which indicated that co-pyrolysis could make up for the shortage of the single material pyrolysis. Synergy analysis showed that there is a synergistic effect between the co-pyrolysis process of OS and WT,and the interaction and the degree of interaction were different for fferent blend ratios. The kinetic analysis of the co-pyrolysis process using the Coats-Redfern method di showed that the required of activation energy for the second stage(500-800℃)was the lowest and the third stage(800-1200℃)was highest during the whole reaction stage. From the FTIR analysis results,it was found that co-pyrolysis mainly produced H₂O,CO₂,CO,CH₄. Combined with the comprehensive pyrolysis index,synergistic effect and pyrolysis efficiency index,it was found that more combustible gas could be obtained when the blend ratios of WT was 50%.

The mesoporous materials Cu₃(BTB)₂(BTB=4,4',4"-benzenetri benzoate)was synthesized, and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption measurements(BET), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). The results show that the Cu₃(BTB)₂ particles were spherical,with a S_BET of 1293m²/g, and an average particle size of 10μm. In the treatment of Congo red dye wastewater by using Cu₃(BTB)₂ alone, the removal rate was 10.29%, whereas treated by Cu₃(BTB)₂ and hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)together,the rate was increased to 91.65%. The mechanism was studied by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy,high performance liquid chromatography,microcalorimetry and free radical trapping agent. When Cu₃(BTB)₂ interacted with H₂O₂,the UV absorption peak at 342nm shifted to the right,the peak intensity of HPLC was reduced by about 500mV,and the exothermic standard molar reaction enthalpy was 2068.74kJ/mol. When we added opropanol(IPA)or chloroform(CF)to capture the ·OH or ·O₂^- radical into the reaction solution,the is removal rate was decreased. The results showed that Cu₃(BTB)₂ porous material could adsorb the CR dye,while H₂O₂ could produce the ·OH and ·O₂^- free-radical to break the CR molecular bond through the Fenton-like reaction,and the OH radicals played a dominant role.